See preference in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "affectional preference"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "in preference to"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "preference cascade"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "preference share"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "preference stock"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "revealed preference"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sexual preference"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "time preference"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰer-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "preference"
},
"expansion": "Middle French preference",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "preferans"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of preferans",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prefer",
"3": "ence",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "prefer + -ence",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French preference, from Medieval Latin preferentia. Doublet of preferans.\nMorphologically prefer + -ence.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "preferences",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "preference (countable and uncountable, plural preferences)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He has a preference for crisp wines.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The selection of one thing or person over others (with the main adposition being \"for\" in relation to the thing or person, but possibly also \"of\")"
],
"id": "en-preference-en-noun-YzapA3p0",
"links": [
[
"selection",
"selection"
],
[
"adposition",
"adposition"
],
[
"for",
"for"
],
[
"of",
"of"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "tafḍīl",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "تَفْضِيل"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔafḍaliyya",
"sense": "selection",
"word": "أَفْضَلِيَّة"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "naxapatvutʻyun",
"sense": "selection",
"word": "նախապատվություն"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pjeraváha",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перава́га"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "výbar",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вы́бар"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "predpočitánie",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "предпочита́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ízbor",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "и́збор"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "preferència"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yōuxuǎn",
"sense": "selection",
"word": "優選 /优选"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xuǎnzé",
"sense": "selection",
"word": "選擇 /选择"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "preference"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "přednost"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "præference"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "voorkeur"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "preferentie"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "selection",
"word": "eelistus"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "selection",
"word": "valinta"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "selection",
"word": "preferenssi"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "préférence"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "preferencia"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "arčevani",
"sense": "selection",
"word": "არჩევანი"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ṗreperencia",
"sense": "selection",
"word": "პრეფერენცია"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mǯobineba",
"sense": "selection",
"word": "მჯობინება"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "uṗiraṭesobis minič̣eba",
"sense": "selection",
"word": "უპირატესობის მინიჭება"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Vorliebe"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Präferenz"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Vorzug"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "proaíresis",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "προαίρεσις"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "prókrima",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "πρόκριμα"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "ht",
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"sense": "selection",
"word": "preferans"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "ha'adafá",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "הַעֲדָפָה"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "selection",
"word": "preferencia"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "preferenza"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"alt": "せんたく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sentaku",
"sense": "selection",
"word": "選択"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "qalau",
"sense": "selection",
"word": "қалау"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"alt": "選擇",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "seontaek",
"sense": "selection",
"word": "선택"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "selection",
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"word": "priekšroka"
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{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "lt",
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"feminine"
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{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "pretpočitanje",
"sense": "selection",
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"neuter"
],
"word": "претпочитање"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "selection",
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{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
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"masculine"
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{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "fa-ira",
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"roman": "tarjih",
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{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "fa-ira",
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{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "pdt",
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{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "pl",
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"tags": [
"feminine"
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},
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "pt",
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"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "preferência"
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{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "ro",
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"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "preferință"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "predpočténije",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "предпочте́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "preferéncija",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "префере́нция"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "výbor",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вы́бор"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "sk",
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"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "preferencia"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "sk",
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"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prednosť"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "sl",
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"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prednost"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
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"sense": "selection",
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"feminine"
],
"word": "preferencia"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "sv",
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"sense": "selection",
"word": "företräde"
},
{
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"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "selection",
"word": "preferens"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "tg",
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"roman": "tarjex",
"sense": "selection",
"word": "тарҷех"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "tg",
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},
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
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"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
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{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
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"roman": "pereváha",
"sense": "selection",
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"feminine"
],
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},
{
"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
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"roman": "výbir",
"sense": "selection",
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],
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},
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"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
"code": "ur",
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"roman": "tarjīh",
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"feminine"
],
"word": "تَرْجِیح"
},
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"_dis1": "65 35 0 0 0",
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]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 13 40 5 4 34",
"kind": "other",
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],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Can I keep my preferences when I upgrade to the new version of this application?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2013 June 14, Jonathan Freedland, “Obama's once hip brand is now tainted”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 1, page 18:",
"text": "Where we once sent love letters in a sealed envelope, or stuck photographs of our children in a family album, now such private material is despatched to servers and clouds operated by people we don't know and will never meet. Perhaps we assume that our name, address and search preferences will be viewed by some unseen pair of corporate eyes, probably not human, and don't mind that much.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The option to so select, and the one selected."
],
"id": "en-preference-en-noun-lwOVyQXC",
"links": [
[
"option",
"option"
],
[
"select",
"select"
],
[
"selected",
"selected"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 85 5 4 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pjeraváha",
"sense": "option to select or selected",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перава́га"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 85 5 4 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "výbar",
"sense": "option to select or selected",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вы́бар"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 85 5 4 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "predpočitánie",
"sense": "option to select or selected",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "предпочита́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 85 5 4 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "option to select or selected",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "preferència"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 85 5 4 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "option to select or selected",
"word": "prefero"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 85 5 4 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "option to select or selected",
"word": "valinta"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 85 5 4 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "option to select or selected",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Vorliebe"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 85 5 4 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "option to select or selected",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Bevorzugung"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 85 5 4 1",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "ha'adafá",
"sense": "option to select or selected",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "הַעֲדָפָה"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 85 5 4 1",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "kramīkaraṇaṁ",
"sense": "option to select or selected",
"word": "ക്രമീകരണം"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 85 5 4 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "option to select or selected",
"word": "manakotanga"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 85 5 4 1",
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "option to select or selected",
"word": "siłkidígíí"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 85 5 4 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "option to select or selected",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "preferencja"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 85 5 4 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "option to select or selected",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "preferência"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 85 5 4 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "option to select or selected",
"word": "preferință"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 85 5 4 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "výbor",
"sense": "option to select or selected",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вы́бор"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 85 5 4 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "preferéncija",
"sense": "option to select or selected",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "префере́нция"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 85 5 4 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "predpočténije",
"sense": "option to select or selected",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "предпочте́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 85 5 4 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "option to select or selected",
"word": "företräde"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 85 5 4 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "option to select or selected",
"word": "tercih"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 85 5 4 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pereváha",
"sense": "option to select or selected",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перева́га"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 85 5 4 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "výbir",
"sense": "option to select or selected",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ви́бір"
}
]
},
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},
{
"_dis": "3 5 55 3 2 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 4 48 3 2 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 60 4 2 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 56 4 3 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 55 4 2 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 5 46 4 4 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 61 2 2 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 63 1 1 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch Low Saxon translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 57 4 2 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 4 58 3 1 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 4 49 3 2 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 56 4 3 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 58 4 1 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 56 4 3 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 4 48 3 2 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 59 3 3 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 5 47 6 2 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Haitian Creole translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 56 4 4 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 11 44 4 2 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 4 62 3 1 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 4 62 3 1 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 4 48 3 2 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kazakh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 55 4 2 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 4 49 3 2 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 4 49 3 2 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 4 49 3 2 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 4 62 3 1 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malayalam translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 8 53 3 2 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 55 4 2 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 4 54 3 2 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Navajo translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 54 4 3 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 4 48 3 2 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 76 1 1 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 56 4 2 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 4 48 3 2 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 56 4 3 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 4 65 3 1 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 4 49 3 2 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 4 48 3 2 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 4 59 3 1 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 4 56 3 2 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 4 48 3 2 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tajik translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 4 56 4 2 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Telugu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 4 56 3 2 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 58 3 2 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 4 57 3 2 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Urdu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 4 48 3 2 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Uzbek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The state of being preferred over others."
],
"id": "en-preference-en-noun-c267he~s",
"links": [
[
"preferred",
"preferred"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 3 94 2 1",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "state of being preferred",
"word": "voorkeur"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 94 2 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pjeraváha",
"sense": "state of being preferred",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перава́га"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 94 2 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "state of being preferred",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "preferència"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 94 2 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yōuxiān",
"sense": "state of being preferred",
"word": "優先 /优先"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 94 2 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "state of being preferred",
"word": "voorkeur"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 94 2 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "state of being preferred",
"word": "suosikkiasema"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 94 2 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "state of being preferred",
"word": "suosituimmuus"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 94 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "state of being preferred",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Bevorzugung"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 94 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "state of being preferred",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Vorzug"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 94 2 1",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "ha'adafá",
"sense": "state of being preferred",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "הַעֲדָפָה"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 94 2 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "state of being preferred",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "preferenza"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 94 2 1",
"alt": "ゆうせん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "yūsen",
"sense": "state of being preferred",
"word": "優先"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 94 2 1",
"alt": "優先",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "useon",
"sense": "state of being preferred",
"word": "우선"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 94 2 1",
"code": "nds-nl",
"lang": "Dutch Low Saxon",
"sense": "state of being preferred",
"word": "veurkeur"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 94 2 1",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "muṉgaṇana",
"sense": "state of being preferred",
"word": "മുൻഗണന"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 94 2 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "state of being preferred",
"word": "manakotanga"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 94 2 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "state of being preferred",
"word": "mariutanga"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 94 2 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "state of being preferred",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "preferência"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 94 2 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "state of being preferred",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "preferat"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 94 2 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "state of being preferred",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "preferată"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 94 2 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "predpočténije",
"sense": "state of being preferred",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "предпочте́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 94 2 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "výbor",
"sense": "state of being preferred",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вы́бор"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 94 2 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "state of being preferred",
"word": "företräde"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 94 2 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "state of being preferred",
"word": "tercih"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 94 2 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pereváha",
"sense": "state of being preferred",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перева́га"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A strong liking or personal valuation."
],
"id": "en-preference-en-noun-bUtf0D8k",
"links": [
[
"liking",
"liking"
],
[
"valuation",
"valuation"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "6 8 8 72 7",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pjeraváha",
"sense": "liking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перава́га"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 8 8 72 7",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "piānhào",
"sense": "liking",
"word": "偏好"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 8 8 72 7",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xǐ'ài",
"sense": "liking",
"word": "喜愛 /喜爱"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 8 8 72 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "liking",
"word": "preferenssi"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 8 8 72 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "liking",
"word": "mieltymys"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 8 8 72 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "liking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Vorliebe"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 8 8 72 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "liking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Bevorzugung"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 8 8 72 7",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "ha'adafá",
"sense": "liking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "הַעֲדָפָה"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 8 8 72 7",
"alt": "このみ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "konomi",
"sense": "liking",
"word": "好み"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 8 8 72 7",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "liking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "preferência"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 8 8 72 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "predpočténije",
"sense": "liking",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "предпочте́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 8 8 72 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "liking",
"word": "preferencia"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 8 8 72 7",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "liking",
"word": "förkärlek"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 8 8 72 7",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "liking",
"word": "preferens"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 8 8 72 7",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "abhiruci",
"sense": "liking",
"word": "అభిరుచి"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 8 8 72 7",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "liking",
"word": "tercih"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 8 8 72 7",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pereváha",
"sense": "liking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перева́га"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A preferential bias; partiality; discrimination."
],
"id": "en-preference-en-noun-9BKMvdaO",
"links": [
[
"preferential",
"preferential"
],
[
"bias",
"bias"
],
[
"partiality",
"partiality"
],
[
"discrimination",
"discrimination"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 0 99",
"sense": "preferential bias",
"word": "predilection"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pjeraváha",
"sense": "bias",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перава́га"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "bias",
"word": "puolueellisuus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "ha'adafá",
"sense": "bias",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "הַעֲדָפָה"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100",
"alt": "えこひいき",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ekohīki",
"sense": "bias",
"word": "依怙贔屓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "bias",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "preferencja"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "bias",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "preferência"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "predpočténije",
"sense": "bias",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "предпочте́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "preferéncija",
"sense": "bias",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "префере́нция"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "bias",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "preferencia"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "bias",
"word": "förmånsrätt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "bias",
"word": "tercih"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pereváha",
"sense": "bias",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перева́га"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹɛf(ə)ɹ(ə)ns/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹɛf(ə)ɹɛns/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-preference.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e0/En-us-preference.ogg/En-us-preference.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/En-us-preference.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛfəɹəns"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "forechoice"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "præference"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"preference"
],
"word": "preference"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰer-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "preference"
},
"expansion": "Middle French preference",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "preferans"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of preferans",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prefer",
"3": "ence",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "prefer + -ence",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French preference, from Medieval Latin preferentia. Doublet of preferans.\nMorphologically prefer + -ence.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "preferences",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "preferencing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "preferenced",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "preferenced",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "preference (third-person singular simple present preferences, present participle preferencing, simple past and past participle preferenced)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 33 2 1 27 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 34 2 1 33 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 35 1 1 32 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 13 40 5 4 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To give preferential treatment to; to give a preference to."
],
"id": "en-preference-en-verb-kVf6t51J",
"links": [
[
"preferential",
"preferential"
],
[
"treatment",
"treatment"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(US) To give preferential treatment to; to give a preference to."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "preferences"
}
],
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹɛf(ə)ɹ(ə)ns/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹɛf(ə)ɹɛns/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-preference.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e0/En-us-preference.ogg/En-us-preference.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/En-us-preference.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛfəɹəns"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "præference"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"preference"
],
"word": "preference"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "preference (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 4 33 2 1 27 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 34 2 1 33 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 35 1 1 32 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Preferans, a card game, principally played in Eastern Europe."
],
"id": "en-preference-en-noun-5xJ91~vD",
"links": [
[
"Preferans",
"preferans"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "præference"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Preferans",
"preference"
],
"word": "preference"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰer-",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɛfəɹəns",
"Rhymes:English/ɛfəɹəns/3 syllables",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch Low Saxon translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Haitian Creole translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malayalam translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Navajo translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tajik translations",
"Terms with Telugu translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Urdu translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "affectional preference"
},
{
"word": "in preference to"
},
{
"word": "preference cascade"
},
{
"word": "preference share"
},
{
"word": "preference stock"
},
{
"word": "revealed preference"
},
{
"word": "sexual preference"
},
{
"word": "time preference"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰer-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "preference"
},
"expansion": "Middle French preference",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "preferans"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of preferans",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prefer",
"3": "ence",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "prefer + -ence",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French preference, from Medieval Latin preferentia. Doublet of preferans.\nMorphologically prefer + -ence.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "preferences",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "preference (countable and uncountable, plural preferences)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He has a preference for crisp wines.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The selection of one thing or person over others (with the main adposition being \"for\" in relation to the thing or person, but possibly also \"of\")"
],
"links": [
[
"selection",
"selection"
],
[
"adposition",
"adposition"
],
[
"for",
"for"
],
[
"of",
"of"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Can I keep my preferences when I upgrade to the new version of this application?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2013 June 14, Jonathan Freedland, “Obama's once hip brand is now tainted”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 1, page 18:",
"text": "Where we once sent love letters in a sealed envelope, or stuck photographs of our children in a family album, now such private material is despatched to servers and clouds operated by people we don't know and will never meet. Perhaps we assume that our name, address and search preferences will be viewed by some unseen pair of corporate eyes, probably not human, and don't mind that much.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The option to so select, and the one selected."
],
"links": [
[
"option",
"option"
],
[
"select",
"select"
],
[
"selected",
"selected"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The state of being preferred over others."
],
"links": [
[
"preferred",
"preferred"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A strong liking or personal valuation."
],
"links": [
[
"liking",
"liking"
],
[
"valuation",
"valuation"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A preferential bias; partiality; discrimination."
],
"links": [
[
"preferential",
"preferential"
],
[
"bias",
"bias"
],
[
"partiality",
"partiality"
],
[
"discrimination",
"discrimination"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹɛf(ə)ɹ(ə)ns/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹɛf(ə)ɹɛns/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-preference.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e0/En-us-preference.ogg/En-us-preference.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/En-us-preference.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛfəɹəns"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "forechoice"
},
{
"sense": "preferential bias",
"word": "predilection"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "præference"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "tafḍīl",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "تَفْضِيل"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔafḍaliyya",
"sense": "selection",
"word": "أَفْضَلِيَّة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "naxapatvutʻyun",
"sense": "selection",
"word": "նախապատվություն"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pjeraváha",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перава́га"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "výbar",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вы́бар"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "predpočitánie",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "предпочита́ние"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ízbor",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "и́збор"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "preferència"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yōuxuǎn",
"sense": "selection",
"word": "優選 /优选"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xuǎnzé",
"sense": "selection",
"word": "選擇 /选择"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "preference"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "přednost"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "præference"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "voorkeur"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "preferentie"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "selection",
"word": "eelistus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "selection",
"word": "valinta"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "selection",
"word": "preferenssi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "préférence"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "preferencia"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "arčevani",
"sense": "selection",
"word": "არჩევანი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ṗreperencia",
"sense": "selection",
"word": "პრეფერენცია"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mǯobineba",
"sense": "selection",
"word": "მჯობინება"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "uṗiraṭesobis minič̣eba",
"sense": "selection",
"word": "უპირატესობის მინიჭება"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Vorliebe"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Präferenz"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Vorzug"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "proaíresis",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "προαίρεσις"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "prókrima",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "πρόκριμα"
},
{
"code": "ht",
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"sense": "selection",
"word": "preferans"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "ha'adafá",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "הַעֲדָפָה"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "selection",
"word": "preferencia"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "preferenza"
},
{
"alt": "せんたく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sentaku",
"sense": "selection",
"word": "選択"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "qalau",
"sense": "selection",
"word": "қалау"
},
{
"alt": "選擇",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "seontaek",
"sense": "selection",
"word": "선택"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "priekšroka"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "preferencija"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "pretpočitanje",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "претпочитање"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "selection",
"word": "siłkidígíí"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "preferanse"
},
{
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "tarjih",
"sense": "selection",
"word": "تَرْجیح"
},
{
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "tafzil",
"sense": "selection",
"word": "تَفْضیل"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Läne"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "preferencja"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "preferência"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "preferință"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "predpočténije",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "предпочте́ние"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "preferéncija",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "префере́нция"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "výbor",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вы́бор"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "preferencia"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prednosť"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prednost"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "preferencia"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "selection",
"word": "företräde"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "selection",
"word": "preferens"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "tarjex",
"sense": "selection",
"word": "тарҷех"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "afzal",
"sense": "selection",
"word": "афзал"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "afzaliyat",
"sense": "selection",
"word": "афзалият"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "selection",
"word": "tercih"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pereváha",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перева́га"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "výbir",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ви́бір"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "tarjīh",
"sense": "selection",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "تَرْجِیح"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "selection",
"word": "afzal koʻrish"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pjeraváha",
"sense": "option to select or selected",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перава́га"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "výbar",
"sense": "option to select or selected",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вы́бар"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "predpočitánie",
"sense": "option to select or selected",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "предпочита́ние"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "option to select or selected",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "preferència"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "option to select or selected",
"word": "prefero"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "option to select or selected",
"word": "valinta"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "option to select or selected",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Vorliebe"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "option to select or selected",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Bevorzugung"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "ha'adafá",
"sense": "option to select or selected",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "הַעֲדָפָה"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "kramīkaraṇaṁ",
"sense": "option to select or selected",
"word": "ക്രമീകരണം"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "option to select or selected",
"word": "manakotanga"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "option to select or selected",
"word": "siłkidígíí"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "option to select or selected",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "preferencja"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "option to select or selected",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "preferência"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "option to select or selected",
"word": "preferință"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "výbor",
"sense": "option to select or selected",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вы́бор"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "preferéncija",
"sense": "option to select or selected",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "префере́нция"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "predpočténije",
"sense": "option to select or selected",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "предпочте́ние"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "option to select or selected",
"word": "företräde"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "option to select or selected",
"word": "tercih"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pereváha",
"sense": "option to select or selected",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перева́га"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "výbir",
"sense": "option to select or selected",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ви́бір"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "state of being preferred",
"word": "voorkeur"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pjeraváha",
"sense": "state of being preferred",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перава́га"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "state of being preferred",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "preferència"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yōuxiān",
"sense": "state of being preferred",
"word": "優先 /优先"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "state of being preferred",
"word": "voorkeur"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "state of being preferred",
"word": "suosikkiasema"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "state of being preferred",
"word": "suosituimmuus"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "state of being preferred",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Bevorzugung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "state of being preferred",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Vorzug"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "ha'adafá",
"sense": "state of being preferred",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "הַעֲדָפָה"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "state of being preferred",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "preferenza"
},
{
"alt": "ゆうせん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "yūsen",
"sense": "state of being preferred",
"word": "優先"
},
{
"alt": "優先",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "useon",
"sense": "state of being preferred",
"word": "우선"
},
{
"code": "nds-nl",
"lang": "Dutch Low Saxon",
"sense": "state of being preferred",
"word": "veurkeur"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "muṉgaṇana",
"sense": "state of being preferred",
"word": "മുൻഗണന"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "state of being preferred",
"word": "manakotanga"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "state of being preferred",
"word": "mariutanga"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "state of being preferred",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "preferência"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "state of being preferred",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "preferat"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "state of being preferred",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "preferată"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "predpočténije",
"sense": "state of being preferred",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "предпочте́ние"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "výbor",
"sense": "state of being preferred",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вы́бор"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "state of being preferred",
"word": "företräde"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "state of being preferred",
"word": "tercih"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pereváha",
"sense": "state of being preferred",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перева́га"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pjeraváha",
"sense": "liking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перава́га"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "piānhào",
"sense": "liking",
"word": "偏好"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xǐ'ài",
"sense": "liking",
"word": "喜愛 /喜爱"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "liking",
"word": "preferenssi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "liking",
"word": "mieltymys"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "liking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Vorliebe"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "liking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Bevorzugung"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "ha'adafá",
"sense": "liking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "הַעֲדָפָה"
},
{
"alt": "このみ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "konomi",
"sense": "liking",
"word": "好み"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "liking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "preferência"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "predpočténije",
"sense": "liking",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "предпочте́ние"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "liking",
"word": "preferencia"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "liking",
"word": "förkärlek"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "liking",
"word": "preferens"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "abhiruci",
"sense": "liking",
"word": "అభిరుచి"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "liking",
"word": "tercih"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pereváha",
"sense": "liking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перева́га"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pjeraváha",
"sense": "bias",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перава́га"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "bias",
"word": "puolueellisuus"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "ha'adafá",
"sense": "bias",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "הַעֲדָפָה"
},
{
"alt": "えこひいき",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ekohīki",
"sense": "bias",
"word": "依怙贔屓"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "bias",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "preferencja"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "bias",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "preferência"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "predpočténije",
"sense": "bias",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "предпочте́ние"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "preferéncija",
"sense": "bias",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "префере́нция"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "bias",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "preferencia"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "bias",
"word": "förmånsrätt"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "bias",
"word": "tercih"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pereváha",
"sense": "bias",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перева́га"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"preference"
],
"word": "preference"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰer-",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɛfəɹəns",
"Rhymes:English/ɛfəɹəns/3 syllables",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch Low Saxon translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Haitian Creole translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malayalam translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Navajo translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tajik translations",
"Terms with Telugu translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Urdu translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰer-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "preference"
},
"expansion": "Middle French preference",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "preferans"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of preferans",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prefer",
"3": "ence",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "prefer + -ence",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French preference, from Medieval Latin preferentia. Doublet of preferans.\nMorphologically prefer + -ence.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "preferences",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "preferencing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "preferenced",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "preferenced",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "preference (third-person singular simple present preferences, present participle preferencing, simple past and past participle preferenced)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "preferences"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"American English"
],
"glosses": [
"To give preferential treatment to; to give a preference to."
],
"links": [
[
"preferential",
"preferential"
],
[
"treatment",
"treatment"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(US) To give preferential treatment to; to give a preference to."
],
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹɛf(ə)ɹ(ə)ns/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹɛf(ə)ɹɛns/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-preference.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e0/En-us-preference.ogg/En-us-preference.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/En-us-preference.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛfəɹəns"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "præference"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"preference"
],
"word": "preference"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "preference (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Preferans, a card game, principally played in Eastern Europe."
],
"links": [
[
"Preferans",
"preferans"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "præference"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Preferans",
"preference"
],
"word": "preference"
}
Download raw JSONL data for preference meaning in English (26.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (05fdf6b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.