See persecution in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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"etymology_text": "Equivalent to persecute + -ion. From Middle English persecucioun, from Old French persecucion, from Ecclesiastical Latin persecūtio (“persecution; chase, pursuit”), from Latin persequor (“follow up, pursue”), from per- (“through”) + sequor (“follow”). Displaced native Old English ēhtnes.",
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"lang_code": "en",
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"word": "persecution complex"
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"examples": [
{
"text": "Many apartheid perpetrators escaped prosecution for their persecution of black Africans and political dissidents.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2004 January 1, “The Practices of Wolf Persecution, Protection, and Restoration in Canada and the United States”, in BioScience, Oxford University Press:",
"text": "During the early 20th century, wolves were considered undesirable. They were subject to persecution and were extirpated from large areas of their original range. With increased environmental awareness in the 1970s, attitudes toward wolves began to change.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2008, M. W. Sphero, Religion: The Defamer of God, page 210:",
"text": "[…] to support or agree with the persecutions, beatings, dehumanizings, insults, murders, genocides, and oppressions of a perpetrator's target […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2012 March-April, Jan Sapp, “Race Finished”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, page 164:",
"text": "Few concepts are as emotionally charged as that of race. The word conjures up a mixture of associations—culture, ethnicity, genetics, subjugation, exclusion and persecution. But is the tragic history of efforts to define groups of people by race really a matter of the misuse of science, the abuse of a valid biological concept?",
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}
],
"glosses": [
"The act of persecuting, especially a specific group of people; an instance of persecution."
],
"id": "en-persecution-en-noun-dmKUjeED",
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[
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"persecute"
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[
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"specific"
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[
"people",
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"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "iḍṭihād",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "اِضْطِهَاد"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "halacankʻ",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"word": "հալածանք"
},
{
"code": "roa-brg",
"lang": "Bourguignon",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "porsécucion"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "presledvane",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "преследване"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "gonenie",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "гонение"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "persecució"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "pòhài",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"word": "迫害"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perzekuce"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "forfølgelse"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vervolging"
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{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"word": "persekutado"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"word": "vainoaminen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"word": "vaino"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"word": "sorto"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "persécution"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "devna",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"word": "დევნა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Verfolgung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schikane"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Drangsalierung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Plage"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Belästigung"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "wrēkei",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "𐍅𐍂𐌴𐌺𐌴𐌹"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "wraka",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "𐍅𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌰"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "katadíoxi",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "καταδίωξη"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "díoxi",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "δίωξη"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "diōgmós",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "διωγμός"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "redifá",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "רדיפה"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"word": "üldözés"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"word": "üldöztetés"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "géarleanúint"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "persecuzione"
},
{
"alt": "はくがい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hakugai",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"word": "迫害"
},
{
"alt": "迫害",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bakhae",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"word": "박해"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "çewsandnewe",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"word": "چەوساندنەوە"
},
{
"code": "lad",
"lang": "Ladino",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afrision"
},
{
"code": "lad",
"lang": "Ladino",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afriisyon"
},
{
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Verfollegung"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "forfølgelse"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ēhtnes"
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{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "âzâr",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"word": "آزار"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Forcht"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "prześladowanie"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perseguição"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "persecutare"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "preslédovanije",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "пресле́дование"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gonénije",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "гоне́ние"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "trávlja",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "тра́вля"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "napádki",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "напа́дки"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "progon"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "proganjanje"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "persecución"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cacería"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prosecución"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "förföljelse"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"word": "zulüm"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"word": "sự khủng bố"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "farfolgung",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"word": "פֿאַרפֿאָלגונג"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "rdifh",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"word": "רדיפֿה"
}
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/ˌpɝsəˈkjuʃən/",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌpɜːsəˈkjuːʃən/",
"tags": [
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},
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"word": "persecution"
}
{
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"word": "persecution complex"
}
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{
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{
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"2": "EL.",
"3": "persecūtio",
"4": "",
"5": "persecution; chase, pursuit"
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"name": "der"
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{
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"4": "",
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"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ēhtnes"
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"etymology_text": "Equivalent to persecute + -ion. From Middle English persecucioun, from Old French persecucion, from Ecclesiastical Latin persecūtio (“persecution; chase, pursuit”), from Latin persequor (“follow up, pursue”), from per- (“through”) + sequor (“follow”). Displaced native Old English ēhtnes.",
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],
"hyphenation": [
"per‧se‧cu‧tion"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Ecclesiastical Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sekʷ- (follow)",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -ion",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
"Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Bourguignon translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Gothic translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Ladino translations",
"Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Many apartheid perpetrators escaped prosecution for their persecution of black Africans and political dissidents.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2004 January 1, “The Practices of Wolf Persecution, Protection, and Restoration in Canada and the United States”, in BioScience, Oxford University Press:",
"text": "During the early 20th century, wolves were considered undesirable. They were subject to persecution and were extirpated from large areas of their original range. With increased environmental awareness in the 1970s, attitudes toward wolves began to change.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2008, M. W. Sphero, Religion: The Defamer of God, page 210:",
"text": "[…] to support or agree with the persecutions, beatings, dehumanizings, insults, murders, genocides, and oppressions of a perpetrator's target […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2012 March-April, Jan Sapp, “Race Finished”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, page 164:",
"text": "Few concepts are as emotionally charged as that of race. The word conjures up a mixture of associations—culture, ethnicity, genetics, subjugation, exclusion and persecution. But is the tragic history of efforts to define groups of people by race really a matter of the misuse of science, the abuse of a valid biological concept?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The act of persecuting, especially a specific group of people; an instance of persecution."
],
"links": [
[
"persecuting",
"persecute"
],
[
"specific",
"specific"
],
[
"people",
"people"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌpɝsəˈkjuʃən/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌpɜːsəˈkjuːʃən/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-persecution.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/00/En-us-persecution.ogg/En-us-persecution.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/En-us-persecution.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "iḍṭihād",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "اِضْطِهَاد"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "halacankʻ",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"word": "հալածանք"
},
{
"code": "roa-brg",
"lang": "Bourguignon",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "porsécucion"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "presledvane",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "преследване"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "gonenie",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "гонение"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "persecució"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "pòhài",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"word": "迫害"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perzekuce"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "forfølgelse"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vervolging"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"word": "persekutado"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"word": "vainoaminen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"word": "vaino"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"word": "sorto"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "persécution"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "devna",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"word": "დევნა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Verfolgung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schikane"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Drangsalierung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Plage"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Belästigung"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "wrēkei",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "𐍅𐍂𐌴𐌺𐌴𐌹"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "wraka",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "𐍅𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌰"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "katadíoxi",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "καταδίωξη"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "díoxi",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "δίωξη"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "diōgmós",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "διωγμός"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "redifá",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "רדיפה"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"word": "üldözés"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"word": "üldöztetés"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "géarleanúint"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "persecuzione"
},
{
"alt": "はくがい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hakugai",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"word": "迫害"
},
{
"alt": "迫害",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bakhae",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"word": "박해"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "çewsandnewe",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"word": "چەوساندنەوە"
},
{
"code": "lad",
"lang": "Ladino",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afrision"
},
{
"code": "lad",
"lang": "Ladino",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afriisyon"
},
{
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Verfollegung"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "forfølgelse"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ēhtnes"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "âzâr",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"word": "آزار"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Forcht"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "prześladowanie"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perseguição"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "persecutare"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "preslédovanije",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "пресле́дование"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gonénije",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "гоне́ние"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "trávlja",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "тра́вля"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "napádki",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "напа́дки"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "progon"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "proganjanje"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "persecución"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cacería"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prosecución"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "förföljelse"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"word": "zulüm"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"word": "sự khủng bố"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "farfolgung",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"word": "פֿאַרפֿאָלגונג"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "rdifh",
"sense": "the act of persecuting",
"word": "רדיפֿה"
}
],
"word": "persecution"
}
Download raw JSONL data for persecution meaning in English (12.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.