See leer in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "Exact development uncertain, but apparently from a verb *leer (“to make a face, look sideways”), from leer (“cheek, face, profile”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "leers",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "leering",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "leered",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "leered",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "en-conj-simple",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "leer",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "leer (third-person singular simple present leers, present participle leering, simple past and past participle leered)",
"name": "en-verb"
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"old": "1"
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "1834 [1799], Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert Southey, “The Devil's Thoughts”, in The Poetical Works of S. T. Coleridge, volume II, London: W. Pickering, page 86:",
"text": "And she looked to Mr. –––– / And leered like a love-sick pigeon.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1860 December – 1861 August, Charles Dickens, chapter XXXVIII, in Great Expectations […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Chapman and Hall, […], published October 1861, →OCLC:",
"text": "I thought I saw him leer in an ugly way at me while the decanters were going round, but as there was no love lost between us, that might easily be.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1878, Henry James, chapter VI, in The Europeans, Macmillan and Co.:",
"text": "The Baroness perceived that her entertainer had analyzed material comfort to a sufficiently fine point. And then he possessed the most delightful chinoiseries—trophies of his sojourn in the Celestial Empire: pagodas of ebony and cabinets of ivory; sculptured monsters, grinning and leering on chimney-pieces, in front of beautifully figured hand-screens; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1880, Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], chapter XVIII, in A Tramp Abroad; […], Hartford, Conn.: American Publishing Company; London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:",
"text": "It was a quarter well stocked with deformed, leering, unkempt and uncombed idiots, who held out hands or caps and begged piteously.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1891, Oscar Wilde, chapter XIII, in The Picture of Dorian Gray, London, New York, N.Y., Melbourne, Vic.: Ward Lock & Co., →OCLC:",
"text": "“Hush! Don’t say that. You have done enough evil in your life. My God! Don’t you see that accursed thing leering at us?”",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To look sideways or obliquely; now especially with sexual desire or malicious intent."
],
"id": "en-leer-en-verb-jJZ7BcdR",
"links": [
[
"look",
"look"
],
[
"sideways",
"sideways"
],
[
"sexual",
"sexual"
],
[
"desire",
"desire"
],
[
"malicious",
"malicious"
],
[
"intent",
"intent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To look sideways or obliquely; now especially with sexual desire or malicious intent."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to look with sexual desire or malicious intent",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "(chlípně) pošilhávat"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to look with sexual desire or malicious intent",
"word": "lonken"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to look with sexual desire or malicious intent",
"word": "wellustig bekijken"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to look with sexual desire or malicious intent",
"word": "okulumaĉi"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fi",
"english": "sexually",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to look with sexual desire or malicious intent",
"word": "silmäillä"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fi",
"english": "maliciously",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to look with sexual desire or malicious intent",
"word": "mulkoilla"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fi",
"english": "maliciously",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to look with sexual desire or malicious intent",
"word": "mulkaista"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to look with sexual desire or malicious intent",
"word": "lorgner"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to look with sexual desire or malicious intent",
"word": "zieuter"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fr",
"english": "sexually",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to look with sexual desire or malicious intent",
"word": "mater"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to look with sexual desire or malicious intent",
"word": "anzüglich blicken"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "katillṓptō",
"sense": "to look with sexual desire or malicious intent",
"word": "κατιλλώπτω"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "pazál",
"sense": "to look with sexual desire or malicious intent",
"word": "פָּזַל"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to look with sexual desire or malicious intent",
"word": "stírol"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to look with sexual desire or malicious intent",
"word": "guardare di traverso"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to look with sexual desire or malicious intent",
"word": "glūnēt"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to look with sexual desire or malicious intent",
"word": "lūrēt"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "to look with sexual desire or malicious intent",
"word": "نگاه کج کردن"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to look with sexual desire or malicious intent",
"word": "patrzeć pożądliwie"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ru",
"english": "slantwise, with malicious intent",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kóso smotrétʹ",
"sense": "to look with sexual desire or malicious intent",
"word": "ко́со смотре́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "with lust",
"roman": "smotrétʹ s voždelénijem",
"sense": "to look with sexual desire or malicious intent",
"word": "смотре́ть с вожделе́нием"
}
]
},
{
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "1681, John Dryden, The Spanish Fryar: Or, the Double Discovery. […], London: […] Richard Tonson and Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, Act I, page 6:",
"text": "But Bertran has been taught the Arts of Court, / To guild a Face with Smiles; and leer a man to ruin.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To entice with a leer or leers."
],
"id": "en-leer-en-verb-CD2HCo36",
"links": [
[
"entice",
"entice"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To entice with a leer or leers."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɪə̯(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lɪɹ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "leer"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "Exact development uncertain, but apparently from a verb *leer (“to make a face, look sideways”), from leer (“cheek, face, profile”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "leers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "1891, Thomas Hardy, chapter XXXIX, in Tess of the d’Urbervilles: A Pure Woman Faithfully Presented […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: James R[ipley] Osgood, McIlvaine and Co., […], →OCLC:",
"text": "Nevertheless humanity stood before him no longer in the pensive sweetness of Italian art, but in the staring and ghastly attitudes of a Wiertz Museum, and with the leer of a study by Van Beers.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1891, Oscar Wilde, chapter XVI, in The Picture of Dorian Gray, London, New York, N.Y., Melbourne, Vic.: Ward Lock & Co., →OCLC:",
"text": "“[…]They say he has sold himself to the devil for a pretty face. It’s nigh on eighteen years since I met him. He hasn’t changed much since then. I have, though,” she added, with a sickly leer.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1895, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, The Stark Munro Letters: […], London: Longmans, Green, and Co., →OCLC:",
"text": "I rose and bade him good-night, with a last impression of him leaning back in his dressing-gown, a sodden cigar-end in the corner of his mouth, his beard all slopped with whisky, and his half-glazed eyes looking sideways after me with the leer of a satyr.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1897, Bram Stoker, chapter XX, in Dracula, New York, N.Y.: Modern Library, →OCLC:",
"text": "“[…]I have friends—good friends—like you, Dr. Seward”; this was said with a leer of inexpressible cunning.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1913 December – 1914 March, Edgar Rice Burroughs, “In Durance”, in The Warlord of Mars, Chicago, Ill.: A[lexander] C[aldwell] McClurg & Co., published September 1919, →OCLC:",
"text": "There was a nasty leer upon his face as he stepped close to her and spoke again. I could not hear his words, but her answer came clearly.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A significant side glance; a glance expressive of some passion, as malignity, amorousness, etc.; a sly or lecherous look."
],
"id": "en-leer-en-noun-4SXa7Uc5",
"links": [
[
"glance",
"glance"
],
[
"malignity",
"malignity"
],
[
"amorousness",
"amorousness"
],
[
"sly",
"sly"
],
[
"lecherous",
"lecherous"
],
[
"look",
"look"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pohotliv pogled",
"sense": "a sly or lecherous look",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "похотлив поглед"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a sly or lecherous look",
"word": "chlípný pohled"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a sly or lecherous look",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lüsterner Blick"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a sly or lecherous look",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "anzügliches Grinsen"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "a sly or lecherous look",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "claonfhéachaint"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ru",
"english": "sidelong (unfriendly) glance",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kosój vzgljad",
"sense": "a sly or lecherous look",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "косо́й взгляд"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "плотоя́дный взгляд m (plotojádnyj vzgljad) (lecherous glance, lit.: \"carnivorous\")",
"sense": "a sly or lecherous look"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "a sly or lecherous look",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cilwen"
}
]
},
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],
"glosses": [
"An arch or affected glance or cast of countenance."
],
"id": "en-leer-en-noun--pgVCcww",
"links": [
[
"countenance",
"countenance"
]
]
}
],
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"ipa": "/lɪə̯(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
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{
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}
],
"word": "leer"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "ler"
},
"expansion": "Middle English ler",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hlēor",
"t": "face, cheek, profile"
},
"expansion": "Old English hlēor (“face, cheek, profile”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hleuʀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hleuʀ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hleuzą",
"t": "ear, cheek"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hleuzą (“ear, cheek”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱlews-",
"t": "temple of the forehead, cheek"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱlews- (“temple of the forehead, cheek”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱlew-",
"4": "",
"5": "to hear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew- (“to hear”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "lire"
},
"expansion": "Scots lire",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "lier",
"3": "",
"4": "cheek"
},
"expansion": "Dutch lier (“cheek”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "lyra",
"3": "",
"4": "pout"
},
"expansion": "Swedish lyra (“pout”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "lia",
"3": "",
"4": "hillside"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian lia (“hillside”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hlýr",
"3": "",
"4": "the face, cheek, countenance"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic hlýr (“the face, cheek, countenance”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hlyst",
"3": "",
"4": "sense of hearing, listening"
},
"expansion": "Old English hlyst (“sense of hearing, listening”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English ler, leor (“face, cheek”), from Old English hlēor (“face, cheek, profile”), from Proto-West Germanic *hleuʀ, from Proto-Germanic *hleuzą (“ear, cheek”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlews- (“temple of the forehead, cheek”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew- (“to hear”). Cognate with Scots lire, lere (“face, appearance, complexion”), Dutch lier (“cheek”), Swedish lyra (“pout”), Norwegian lia (“hillside”), Icelandic hlýr (“the face, cheek, countenance”). Related to Old English hlyst (“sense of hearing, listening”) and hlysnan (“to listen”). More at list, listen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "leers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "leer (plural leers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1577, Raphaell Holinshed, The Firste Volume of the Chronicles of England, Scotlande, and Irelande […], volume I, London: […] [Henry Bynneman] for Iohn Harrison, →OCLC:",
"text": "No ladie (quoth the earle with a lowd voice, and the tears trilling downe his leeres)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The cheek."
],
"id": "en-leer-en-noun-8nMEDO-P",
"links": [
[
"cheek",
"cheek"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) The cheek."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"The face."
],
"id": "en-leer-en-noun-3r8EjV6D",
"links": [
[
"face",
"face"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) The face."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 3 5 11 3 2 12 2 0 0 12 3 0 9 17 14 1 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 1 3 11 1 1 9 10 1 10 21 12 0 3 7 8 1 1 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Facial expressions",
"orig": "en:Facial expressions",
"parents": [
"Face",
"Nonverbal communication",
"Head and neck",
"Communication",
"Body parts",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Fundamental",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Health"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1598–1600 (date written), William Shakespeare, “As You Like It”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i]:",
"text": "a Rosalind of a better leer than you",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One's appearance; countenance."
],
"id": "en-leer-en-noun-B~Rnrdlc",
"links": [
[
"appearance",
"appearance"
],
[
"countenance",
"countenance"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) One's appearance; countenance."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1588–1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Lamentable Tragedy of Titus Andronicus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii]:",
"text": "Here's a young lad fram'd of another leer.\nLook, how the black slave smiles upon the father;",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Complexion; hue; colour."
],
"id": "en-leer-en-noun-VGWOYSaw",
"links": [
[
"Complexion",
"complexion"
],
[
"hue",
"hue"
],
[
"colour",
"colour"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Complexion; hue; colour."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Flesh; skin."
],
"id": "en-leer-en-noun-YjbmHRel",
"links": [
[
"Flesh",
"flesh"
],
[
"skin",
"skin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Flesh; skin."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The flank or loin."
],
"id": "en-leer-en-noun-l~5VmBiL",
"links": [
[
"flank",
"flank"
],
[
"loin",
"loin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK dialectal) The flank or loin."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɪə̯(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lɪɹ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-leer.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/En-uk-leer.ogg/En-uk-leer.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/En-uk-leer.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-leer.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/En-us-leer.ogg/En-us-leer.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/En-us-leer.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪə(ɹ)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lyre"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lire"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lere"
}
],
"word": "leer"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "leerness"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "lere"
},
"expansion": "Middle English lere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ġelǣr"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġelǣr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*lēziz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *lēziz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*les-",
"t": "to collect, pick"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *les- (“to collect, pick”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "laar",
"t": "a clearing in the woods"
},
"expansion": "Dutch laar (“a clearing in the woods”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "leer",
"t": "empty"
},
"expansion": "German leer (“empty”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "lesan",
"t": "to gather, collect"
},
"expansion": "Old English lesan (“to gather, collect”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English lere, from Old English ġelǣr, *lǣre (“empty, void, empty-handed”), from Proto-Germanic *lēziz, *lēzijaz (“empty”), from Proto-Indo-European *les- (“to collect, pick”). Cognate with Dutch laar (“a clearing in the woods”), German leer (“empty”). Related to Old English lesan (“to gather, collect”). More at lease.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more leer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most leer",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "leer (comparative more leer, superlative most leer)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1591, John Harington, Orlando Furioso:",
"text": "The horse runs leere away without the man.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Empty; unoccupied; clear."
],
"id": "en-leer-en-adj-en:empty",
"links": [
[
"Empty",
"empty"
],
[
"unoccupied",
"unoccupied"
],
[
"clear",
"clear"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Empty; unoccupied; clear."
],
"senseid": [
"en:empty"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Destitute; lacking; wanting."
],
"id": "en-leer-en-adj-3Hm-ikxf",
"links": [
[
"Destitute",
"destitute"
],
[
"lacking",
"lacking"
],
[
"wanting",
"wanting"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Destitute; lacking; wanting."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Faint from lack of food; hungry."
],
"id": "en-leer-en-adj-86sRjTZS",
"links": [
[
"hungry",
"hungry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Faint from lack of food; hungry."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 3 5 11 3 2 12 2 0 0 12 3 0 9 17 14 1 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Thin; faint."
],
"id": "en-leer-en-adj-a1q76FTC",
"links": [
[
"Thin",
"thin"
],
[
"faint",
"faint"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK dialectal, obsolete) Thin; faint."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1629 (first performance), B[en] Jonson, The New Inne. Or, The Light Heart. […], London: […] Thomas Harper, for Thomas Alchorne, […], published 1631, →OCLC, (please specify the page), (please specify the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):",
"text": "a leer horse",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having no load or burden; free; without a rider."
],
"id": "en-leer-en-adj-3pNliCmu",
"links": [
[
"load",
"load"
],
[
"burden",
"burden"
],
[
"free",
"free"
],
[
"rider",
"rider"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Having no load or burden; free; without a rider."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "leer words",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Lacking sense or seriousness; trifling; frivolous."
],
"id": "en-leer-en-adj-L3SfrsyL",
"links": [
[
"trifling",
"trifling"
],
[
"frivolous",
"frivolous"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Lacking sense or seriousness; trifling; frivolous."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɪə̯(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lɪɹ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-leer.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/En-uk-leer.ogg/En-uk-leer.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/En-uk-leer.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-leer.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/En-us-leer.ogg/En-us-leer.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/En-us-leer.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪə(ɹ)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lear"
}
],
"word": "leer"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "leren"
},
"expansion": "Middle English leren",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "lǣran",
"t": "to teach, instruct, guide, enjoin, advise, persuade, urge, preach, hand down"
},
"expansion": "Old English lǣran (“to teach, instruct, guide, enjoin, advise, persuade, urge, preach, hand down”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*laiʀijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *laiʀijan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*laizijaną",
"t": "to teach"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *laizijaną (“to teach”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*leys-",
"t": "track, footprint, furrow, trace"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *leys- (“track, footprint, furrow, trace”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "leren",
"t": "to teach, to learn"
},
"expansion": "Dutch leren (“to teach, to learn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "lehren",
"t": "to teach"
},
"expansion": "German lehren (“to teach”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "lära",
"t": "to teach"
},
"expansion": "Swedish lära (“to teach”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "lār",
"t": "lore, learning, science, art of teaching, preaching, doctrine, study, precept, exhortation, advice, instigation, history, story, cunning"
},
"expansion": "Old English lār (“lore, learning, science, art of teaching, preaching, doctrine, study, precept, exhortation, advice, instigation, history, story, cunning”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English leren, from Old English lǣran (“to teach, instruct, guide, enjoin, advise, persuade, urge, preach, hand down”), from Proto-West Germanic *laiʀijan, from Proto-Germanic *laizijaną (“to teach”), from Proto-Indo-European *leys- (“track, footprint, furrow, trace”). Cognate with Dutch leren (“to teach, to learn”), German lehren (“to teach”), Swedish lära (“to teach”). Related to Old English lār (“lore, learning, science, art of teaching, preaching, doctrine, study, precept, exhortation, advice, instigation, history, story, cunning”). See lore.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "leers",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "leering",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "leered",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "leered",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "leer (third-person singular simple present leers, present participle leering, simple past and past participle leered)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To teach."
],
"id": "en-leer-en-verb-4~vydPXJ",
"links": [
[
"teach",
"teach"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To teach."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To learn."
],
"id": "en-leer-en-verb-0YJtEahZ",
"links": [
[
"learn",
"learn"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To learn."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɪə̯(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lɪɹ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-leer.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/En-uk-leer.ogg/En-uk-leer.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/En-uk-leer.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-leer.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/En-us-leer.ogg/En-us-leer.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/En-us-leer.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "leer"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_text": "See lehr.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "leers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "leer (plural leers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "lehr"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 3 5 11 3 2 12 2 0 0 12 3 0 9 17 14 1 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of lehr"
],
"id": "en-leer-en-noun-Zlfs5hcY",
"links": [
[
"lehr",
"lehr#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɪə̯(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lɪɹ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-leer.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/En-uk-leer.ogg/En-uk-leer.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/En-uk-leer.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-leer.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/En-us-leer.ogg/En-us-leer.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/En-us-leer.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "leer"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with manual fragments",
"English nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɪə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/ɪə(ɹ)/1 syllable",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Facial expressions"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "Exact development uncertain, but apparently from a verb *leer (“to make a face, look sideways”), from leer (“cheek, face, profile”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "leers",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "leering",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "leered",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "leered",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "en-conj-simple",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "leer",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "leer (third-person singular simple present leers, present participle leering, simple past and past participle leered)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"old": "1"
},
"name": "en-conj-simple"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1834 [1799], Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert Southey, “The Devil's Thoughts”, in The Poetical Works of S. T. Coleridge, volume II, London: W. Pickering, page 86:",
"text": "And she looked to Mr. –––– / And leered like a love-sick pigeon.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1860 December – 1861 August, Charles Dickens, chapter XXXVIII, in Great Expectations […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Chapman and Hall, […], published October 1861, →OCLC:",
"text": "I thought I saw him leer in an ugly way at me while the decanters were going round, but as there was no love lost between us, that might easily be.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1878, Henry James, chapter VI, in The Europeans, Macmillan and Co.:",
"text": "The Baroness perceived that her entertainer had analyzed material comfort to a sufficiently fine point. And then he possessed the most delightful chinoiseries—trophies of his sojourn in the Celestial Empire: pagodas of ebony and cabinets of ivory; sculptured monsters, grinning and leering on chimney-pieces, in front of beautifully figured hand-screens; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1880, Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], chapter XVIII, in A Tramp Abroad; […], Hartford, Conn.: American Publishing Company; London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:",
"text": "It was a quarter well stocked with deformed, leering, unkempt and uncombed idiots, who held out hands or caps and begged piteously.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1891, Oscar Wilde, chapter XIII, in The Picture of Dorian Gray, London, New York, N.Y., Melbourne, Vic.: Ward Lock & Co., →OCLC:",
"text": "“Hush! Don’t say that. You have done enough evil in your life. My God! Don’t you see that accursed thing leering at us?”",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To look sideways or obliquely; now especially with sexual desire or malicious intent."
],
"links": [
[
"look",
"look"
],
[
"sideways",
"sideways"
],
[
"sexual",
"sexual"
],
[
"desire",
"desire"
],
[
"malicious",
"malicious"
],
[
"intent",
"intent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To look sideways or obliquely; now especially with sexual desire or malicious intent."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1681, John Dryden, The Spanish Fryar: Or, the Double Discovery. […], London: […] Richard Tonson and Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, Act I, page 6:",
"text": "But Bertran has been taught the Arts of Court, / To guild a Face with Smiles; and leer a man to ruin.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To entice with a leer or leers."
],
"links": [
[
"entice",
"entice"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To entice with a leer or leers."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɪə̯(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lɪɹ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-leer.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/En-uk-leer.ogg/En-uk-leer.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/En-uk-leer.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-leer.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/En-us-leer.ogg/En-us-leer.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/En-us-leer.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪə(ɹ)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to look with sexual desire or malicious intent",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "(chlípně) pošilhávat"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to look with sexual desire or malicious intent",
"word": "lonken"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to look with sexual desire or malicious intent",
"word": "wellustig bekijken"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to look with sexual desire or malicious intent",
"word": "okulumaĉi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "sexually",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to look with sexual desire or malicious intent",
"word": "silmäillä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "maliciously",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to look with sexual desire or malicious intent",
"word": "mulkoilla"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "maliciously",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to look with sexual desire or malicious intent",
"word": "mulkaista"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to look with sexual desire or malicious intent",
"word": "lorgner"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to look with sexual desire or malicious intent",
"word": "zieuter"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"english": "sexually",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to look with sexual desire or malicious intent",
"word": "mater"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to look with sexual desire or malicious intent",
"word": "anzüglich blicken"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "katillṓptō",
"sense": "to look with sexual desire or malicious intent",
"word": "κατιλλώπτω"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "pazál",
"sense": "to look with sexual desire or malicious intent",
"word": "פָּזַל"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to look with sexual desire or malicious intent",
"word": "stírol"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to look with sexual desire or malicious intent",
"word": "guardare di traverso"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to look with sexual desire or malicious intent",
"word": "glūnēt"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to look with sexual desire or malicious intent",
"word": "lūrēt"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "to look with sexual desire or malicious intent",
"word": "نگاه کج کردن"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to look with sexual desire or malicious intent",
"word": "patrzeć pożądliwie"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "slantwise, with malicious intent",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kóso smotrétʹ",
"sense": "to look with sexual desire or malicious intent",
"word": "ко́со смотре́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "with lust",
"roman": "smotrétʹ s voždelénijem",
"sense": "to look with sexual desire or malicious intent",
"word": "смотре́ть с вожделе́нием"
}
],
"word": "leer"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with manual fragments",
"English nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɪə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/ɪə(ɹ)/1 syllable",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Facial expressions"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "Exact development uncertain, but apparently from a verb *leer (“to make a face, look sideways”), from leer (“cheek, face, profile”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "leers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "leer (plural leers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1891, Thomas Hardy, chapter XXXIX, in Tess of the d’Urbervilles: A Pure Woman Faithfully Presented […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: James R[ipley] Osgood, McIlvaine and Co., […], →OCLC:",
"text": "Nevertheless humanity stood before him no longer in the pensive sweetness of Italian art, but in the staring and ghastly attitudes of a Wiertz Museum, and with the leer of a study by Van Beers.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1891, Oscar Wilde, chapter XVI, in The Picture of Dorian Gray, London, New York, N.Y., Melbourne, Vic.: Ward Lock & Co., →OCLC:",
"text": "“[…]They say he has sold himself to the devil for a pretty face. It’s nigh on eighteen years since I met him. He hasn’t changed much since then. I have, though,” she added, with a sickly leer.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1895, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, The Stark Munro Letters: […], London: Longmans, Green, and Co., →OCLC:",
"text": "I rose and bade him good-night, with a last impression of him leaning back in his dressing-gown, a sodden cigar-end in the corner of his mouth, his beard all slopped with whisky, and his half-glazed eyes looking sideways after me with the leer of a satyr.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1897, Bram Stoker, chapter XX, in Dracula, New York, N.Y.: Modern Library, →OCLC:",
"text": "“[…]I have friends—good friends—like you, Dr. Seward”; this was said with a leer of inexpressible cunning.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1913 December – 1914 March, Edgar Rice Burroughs, “In Durance”, in The Warlord of Mars, Chicago, Ill.: A[lexander] C[aldwell] McClurg & Co., published September 1919, →OCLC:",
"text": "There was a nasty leer upon his face as he stepped close to her and spoke again. I could not hear his words, but her answer came clearly.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A significant side glance; a glance expressive of some passion, as malignity, amorousness, etc.; a sly or lecherous look."
],
"links": [
[
"glance",
"glance"
],
[
"malignity",
"malignity"
],
[
"amorousness",
"amorousness"
],
[
"sly",
"sly"
],
[
"lecherous",
"lecherous"
],
[
"look",
"look"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An arch or affected glance or cast of countenance."
],
"links": [
[
"countenance",
"countenance"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɪə̯(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lɪɹ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-leer.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/En-uk-leer.ogg/En-uk-leer.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/En-uk-leer.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-leer.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/En-us-leer.ogg/En-us-leer.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/En-us-leer.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪə(ɹ)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pohotliv pogled",
"sense": "a sly or lecherous look",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "похотлив поглед"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a sly or lecherous look",
"word": "chlípný pohled"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a sly or lecherous look",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lüsterner Blick"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a sly or lecherous look",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "anzügliches Grinsen"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "a sly or lecherous look",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "claonfhéachaint"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "sidelong (unfriendly) glance",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kosój vzgljad",
"sense": "a sly or lecherous look",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "косо́й взгляд"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "плотоя́дный взгляд m (plotojádnyj vzgljad) (lecherous glance, lit.: \"carnivorous\")",
"sense": "a sly or lecherous look"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "a sly or lecherous look",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cilwen"
}
],
"word": "leer"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɪə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/ɪə(ɹ)/1 syllable",
"en:Facial expressions"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "ler"
},
"expansion": "Middle English ler",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hlēor",
"t": "face, cheek, profile"
},
"expansion": "Old English hlēor (“face, cheek, profile”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hleuʀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hleuʀ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hleuzą",
"t": "ear, cheek"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hleuzą (“ear, cheek”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱlews-",
"t": "temple of the forehead, cheek"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱlews- (“temple of the forehead, cheek”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱlew-",
"4": "",
"5": "to hear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew- (“to hear”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "lire"
},
"expansion": "Scots lire",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "lier",
"3": "",
"4": "cheek"
},
"expansion": "Dutch lier (“cheek”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "lyra",
"3": "",
"4": "pout"
},
"expansion": "Swedish lyra (“pout”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "lia",
"3": "",
"4": "hillside"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian lia (“hillside”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hlýr",
"3": "",
"4": "the face, cheek, countenance"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic hlýr (“the face, cheek, countenance”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hlyst",
"3": "",
"4": "sense of hearing, listening"
},
"expansion": "Old English hlyst (“sense of hearing, listening”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English ler, leor (“face, cheek”), from Old English hlēor (“face, cheek, profile”), from Proto-West Germanic *hleuʀ, from Proto-Germanic *hleuzą (“ear, cheek”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlews- (“temple of the forehead, cheek”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew- (“to hear”). Cognate with Scots lire, lere (“face, appearance, complexion”), Dutch lier (“cheek”), Swedish lyra (“pout”), Norwegian lia (“hillside”), Icelandic hlýr (“the face, cheek, countenance”). Related to Old English hlyst (“sense of hearing, listening”) and hlysnan (“to listen”). More at list, listen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "leers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "leer (plural leers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1577, Raphaell Holinshed, The Firste Volume of the Chronicles of England, Scotlande, and Irelande […], volume I, London: […] [Henry Bynneman] for Iohn Harrison, →OCLC:",
"text": "No ladie (quoth the earle with a lowd voice, and the tears trilling downe his leeres)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The cheek."
],
"links": [
[
"cheek",
"cheek"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) The cheek."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"The face."
],
"links": [
[
"face",
"face"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) The face."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1598–1600 (date written), William Shakespeare, “As You Like It”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i]:",
"text": "a Rosalind of a better leer than you",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One's appearance; countenance."
],
"links": [
[
"appearance",
"appearance"
],
[
"countenance",
"countenance"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) One's appearance; countenance."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1588–1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Lamentable Tragedy of Titus Andronicus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii]:",
"text": "Here's a young lad fram'd of another leer.\nLook, how the black slave smiles upon the father;",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Complexion; hue; colour."
],
"links": [
[
"Complexion",
"complexion"
],
[
"hue",
"hue"
],
[
"colour",
"colour"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Complexion; hue; colour."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Flesh; skin."
],
"links": [
[
"Flesh",
"flesh"
],
[
"skin",
"skin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Flesh; skin."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English dialectal terms"
],
"glosses": [
"The flank or loin."
],
"links": [
[
"flank",
"flank"
],
[
"loin",
"loin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK dialectal) The flank or loin."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɪə̯(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lɪɹ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-leer.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/En-uk-leer.ogg/En-uk-leer.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/En-uk-leer.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-leer.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/En-us-leer.ogg/En-us-leer.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/En-us-leer.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪə(ɹ)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lyre"
},
{
"word": "lire"
},
{
"word": "lere"
}
],
"word": "leer"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɪə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/ɪə(ɹ)/1 syllable",
"en:Facial expressions"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "leerness"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "lere"
},
"expansion": "Middle English lere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ġelǣr"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġelǣr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*lēziz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *lēziz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*les-",
"t": "to collect, pick"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *les- (“to collect, pick”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "laar",
"t": "a clearing in the woods"
},
"expansion": "Dutch laar (“a clearing in the woods”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "leer",
"t": "empty"
},
"expansion": "German leer (“empty”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "lesan",
"t": "to gather, collect"
},
"expansion": "Old English lesan (“to gather, collect”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English lere, from Old English ġelǣr, *lǣre (“empty, void, empty-handed”), from Proto-Germanic *lēziz, *lēzijaz (“empty”), from Proto-Indo-European *les- (“to collect, pick”). Cognate with Dutch laar (“a clearing in the woods”), German leer (“empty”). Related to Old English lesan (“to gather, collect”). More at lease.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more leer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most leer",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "leer (comparative more leer, superlative most leer)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1591, John Harington, Orlando Furioso:",
"text": "The horse runs leere away without the man.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Empty; unoccupied; clear."
],
"links": [
[
"Empty",
"empty"
],
[
"unoccupied",
"unoccupied"
],
[
"clear",
"clear"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Empty; unoccupied; clear."
],
"senseid": [
"en:empty"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Destitute; lacking; wanting."
],
"links": [
[
"Destitute",
"destitute"
],
[
"lacking",
"lacking"
],
[
"wanting",
"wanting"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Destitute; lacking; wanting."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Faint from lack of food; hungry."
],
"links": [
[
"hungry",
"hungry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Faint from lack of food; hungry."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English dialectal terms",
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Thin; faint."
],
"links": [
[
"Thin",
"thin"
],
[
"faint",
"faint"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK dialectal, obsolete) Thin; faint."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1629 (first performance), B[en] Jonson, The New Inne. Or, The Light Heart. […], London: […] Thomas Harper, for Thomas Alchorne, […], published 1631, →OCLC, (please specify the page), (please specify the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):",
"text": "a leer horse",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having no load or burden; free; without a rider."
],
"links": [
[
"load",
"load"
],
[
"burden",
"burden"
],
[
"free",
"free"
],
[
"rider",
"rider"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Having no load or burden; free; without a rider."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "leer words",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Lacking sense or seriousness; trifling; frivolous."
],
"links": [
[
"trifling",
"trifling"
],
[
"frivolous",
"frivolous"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Lacking sense or seriousness; trifling; frivolous."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɪə̯(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lɪɹ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-leer.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/En-uk-leer.ogg/En-uk-leer.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/En-uk-leer.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-leer.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/En-us-leer.ogg/En-us-leer.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/En-us-leer.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪə(ɹ)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lear"
}
],
"word": "leer"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɪə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/ɪə(ɹ)/1 syllable",
"en:Facial expressions"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "leren"
},
"expansion": "Middle English leren",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "lǣran",
"t": "to teach, instruct, guide, enjoin, advise, persuade, urge, preach, hand down"
},
"expansion": "Old English lǣran (“to teach, instruct, guide, enjoin, advise, persuade, urge, preach, hand down”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*laiʀijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *laiʀijan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*laizijaną",
"t": "to teach"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *laizijaną (“to teach”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*leys-",
"t": "track, footprint, furrow, trace"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *leys- (“track, footprint, furrow, trace”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "leren",
"t": "to teach, to learn"
},
"expansion": "Dutch leren (“to teach, to learn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "lehren",
"t": "to teach"
},
"expansion": "German lehren (“to teach”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "lära",
"t": "to teach"
},
"expansion": "Swedish lära (“to teach”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "lār",
"t": "lore, learning, science, art of teaching, preaching, doctrine, study, precept, exhortation, advice, instigation, history, story, cunning"
},
"expansion": "Old English lār (“lore, learning, science, art of teaching, preaching, doctrine, study, precept, exhortation, advice, instigation, history, story, cunning”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English leren, from Old English lǣran (“to teach, instruct, guide, enjoin, advise, persuade, urge, preach, hand down”), from Proto-West Germanic *laiʀijan, from Proto-Germanic *laizijaną (“to teach”), from Proto-Indo-European *leys- (“track, footprint, furrow, trace”). Cognate with Dutch leren (“to teach, to learn”), German lehren (“to teach”), Swedish lära (“to teach”). Related to Old English lār (“lore, learning, science, art of teaching, preaching, doctrine, study, precept, exhortation, advice, instigation, history, story, cunning”). See lore.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "leers",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "leering",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "leered",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "leered",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "leer (third-person singular simple present leers, present participle leering, simple past and past participle leered)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To teach."
],
"links": [
[
"teach",
"teach"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To teach."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To learn."
],
"links": [
[
"learn",
"learn"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To learn."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɪə̯(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lɪɹ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-leer.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/En-uk-leer.ogg/En-uk-leer.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/En-uk-leer.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-leer.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/En-us-leer.ogg/En-us-leer.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/En-us-leer.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "leer"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɪə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/ɪə(ɹ)/1 syllable",
"en:Facial expressions"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_text": "See lehr.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "leers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "leer (plural leers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "lehr"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of lehr"
],
"links": [
[
"lehr",
"lehr#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɪə̯(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lɪɹ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-leer.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/En-uk-leer.ogg/En-uk-leer.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/En-uk-leer.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-leer.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/En-us-leer.ogg/En-us-leer.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/En-us-leer.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "leer"
}
Download raw JSONL data for leer meaning in English (30.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.