See justification in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "condemnation"
},
{
"word": "conviction"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "self-justification"
}
],
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{
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰeh₁-"
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"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "justificacioun"
},
"expansion": "Middle English justificacioun",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "justification"
},
"expansion": "Middle French justification",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "iustificationem",
"4": "iustificationem, justificationem"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin iustificationem, justificationem",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "iustus"
},
"expansion": "Latin iustus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English justificacioun, justification, from Middle French justification, from Late Latin iustificationem, justificationem < iustificatio, from iustifico, from Latin iustus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "justifications",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
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"expansion": "justification (countable and uncountable, plural justifications)",
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "acquittal"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "exculpation"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "justify"
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"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "warrantedness"
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"_dis1": "0 0 0",
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"glosses": [
"A reason, explanation, or excuse which someone believes provides convincing, morally acceptable support for behavior or for a belief or occurrence."
],
"id": "en-justification-en-noun-b92o6lWr",
"links": [
[
"reason",
"reason"
],
[
"explanation",
"explanation"
],
[
"excuse",
"excuse"
],
[
"convincing",
"convincing"
],
[
"morally",
"morally"
],
[
"support",
"support"
],
[
"behavior",
"behavior"
],
[
"belief",
"belief"
],
[
"occurrence",
"occurrence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) A reason, explanation, or excuse which someone believes provides convincing, morally acceptable support for behavior or for a belief or occurrence."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "shpjegim"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "tabrīr",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "تَبْرِير"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "ardaracʻum",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "արդարացում"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "bəraət"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "apraŭdánnje",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "апраўда́нне"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izvinénie",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "извине́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "opravdánie",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "оправда́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "justificació"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhèngdànghuà",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "正當化 /正当化"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ospravedlnění"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "zdůvodnění"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "odůvodnění"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rechtvaardiging"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "apologio"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "ee",
"lang": "Ewe",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "afiatsotso"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "oikeutus"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "justification"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gamartleba",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "გამართლება"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rechtfertigung"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Begründung"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "dikaiología",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "δικαιολογία"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "aitiológisi",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "αιτιολόγηση"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "apológisi",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "απολόγηση"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "indoklás"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "réasún"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "giustificazione"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ragione"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spiegazione"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "scusa"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"alt": "せいとうか",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "seitōka",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "正当化"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"alt": "正當化",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jeongdanghwa",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "정당화"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "parahautanga"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "justificacion"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "towjih",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "توجیه"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "bahâne",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "بهانه"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "usprawiedliwienie"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "uzasadnienie"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "justificativa"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "justificação"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "explicação"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "justificare"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "justificație"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "opravdánije",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "оправда́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "justificación"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "rättfärdigande"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "rättfärdiggörelse"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "haklı çıkma"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "savunma"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "temize çıkma"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "gerekçe"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "mazeret"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "müstenidat"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "výpravdannja",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ви́правдання"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cyfiawnhad"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Christianity",
"orig": "en:Christianity",
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"Abrahamism",
"Religion",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
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],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1999, Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification, (Please provide the book title or journal name):",
"text": "[…] to articulate a common understanding of our justification by God’s grace through faith in Christ.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The forgiveness of sin."
],
"id": "en-justification-en-noun-kiEArc6x",
"links": [
[
"Christianity",
"Christianity"
],
[
"sin",
"sin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Christianity, uncountable) The forgiveness of sin."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"Christianity"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 99 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "forgiveness of sin",
"word": "vanhurskauttaminen"
}
]
},
{
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"Writing",
"Industries",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Business",
"Human",
"Communication",
"Economics",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences"
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 8 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 8 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ewe translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 6 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 5 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 4 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 5 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 9 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 8 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 5 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 8 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 6 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 5 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 8 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 6 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 2 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 7 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 7 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 8 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The alignment of text to the left margin (left justification), the right margin (right justification), or both margins (full justification)."
],
"id": "en-justification-en-noun-2v4brcnY",
"links": [
[
"typography",
"typography"
],
[
"alignment",
"alignment"
],
[
"text",
"text"
],
[
"margin",
"margin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(typography, uncountable) The alignment of text to the left margin (left justification), the right margin (right justification), or both margins (full justification)."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"media",
"publishing",
"typography"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "9 2 90",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "toġaštkum",
"sense": "text alignment",
"word": "տողաշտկում"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 90",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "podravnjávane",
"sense": "text alignment",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "подравня́ване"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 90",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "text alignment",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "zarovnání"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 90",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "text alignment",
"word": "tasaus"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 90",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "text alignment",
"word": "suljenta"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 90",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "text alignment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "justification"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 90",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gasc̣oreba",
"sense": "text alignment",
"word": "გასწორება"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 90",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "text alignment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ausrichtung"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 90",
"code": "de",
"english": "print",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "text alignment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Blocksatz"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 90",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "text alignment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Zeilenfall"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 90",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "stoíchisi",
"sense": "text alignment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "στοίχιση"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 90",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "text alignment",
"word": "igazítás"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 90",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "text alignment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "giustificazione"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 90",
"alt": "ぎょうそろえ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "gyōsoroe",
"sense": "text alignment",
"word": "行揃え"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 90",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jyasutifikēshon",
"sense": "text alignment",
"word": "ジャスティフィケーション"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 90",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "text alignment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "justyfikacja"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 90",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "text alignment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "justificação"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 90",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vyrávnivanije",
"sense": "text alignment",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "выра́внивание"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 90",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "text alignment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "justificación"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 90",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "text alignment",
"word": "justering"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌd͡ʒʌstɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-justification.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-justification.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-justification.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-justification.wav",
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-justification.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-justification.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪʃən"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"justification"
],
"word": "justification"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "condemnation"
},
{
"word": "conviction"
}
],
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/eɪʃən",
"Rhymes:English/eɪʃən/5 syllables",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Ewe translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "self-justification"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰeh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "justificacioun"
},
"expansion": "Middle English justificacioun",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "justification"
},
"expansion": "Middle French justification",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "iustificationem",
"4": "iustificationem, justificationem"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin iustificationem, justificationem",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "iustus"
},
"expansion": "Latin iustus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English justificacioun, justification, from Middle French justification, from Late Latin iustificationem, justificationem < iustificatio, from iustifico, from Latin iustus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "justifications",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "justification (countable and uncountable, plural justifications)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "acquittal"
},
{
"word": "exculpation"
},
{
"word": "justify"
},
{
"word": "warrantedness"
},
{
"word": "worthwhileness"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"A reason, explanation, or excuse which someone believes provides convincing, morally acceptable support for behavior or for a belief or occurrence."
],
"links": [
[
"reason",
"reason"
],
[
"explanation",
"explanation"
],
[
"excuse",
"excuse"
],
[
"convincing",
"convincing"
],
[
"morally",
"morally"
],
[
"support",
"support"
],
[
"behavior",
"behavior"
],
[
"belief",
"belief"
],
[
"occurrence",
"occurrence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) A reason, explanation, or excuse which someone believes provides convincing, morally acceptable support for behavior or for a belief or occurrence."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Christianity"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1999, Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification, (Please provide the book title or journal name):",
"text": "[…] to articulate a common understanding of our justification by God’s grace through faith in Christ.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The forgiveness of sin."
],
"links": [
[
"Christianity",
"Christianity"
],
[
"sin",
"sin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Christianity, uncountable) The forgiveness of sin."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"Christianity"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English uncountable nouns",
"en:Typography"
],
"glosses": [
"The alignment of text to the left margin (left justification), the right margin (right justification), or both margins (full justification)."
],
"links": [
[
"typography",
"typography"
],
[
"alignment",
"alignment"
],
[
"text",
"text"
],
[
"margin",
"margin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(typography, uncountable) The alignment of text to the left margin (left justification), the right margin (right justification), or both margins (full justification)."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"media",
"publishing",
"typography"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌd͡ʒʌstɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-justification.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-justification.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-justification.wav.mp3",
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},
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},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪʃən"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "shpjegim"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "tabrīr",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "تَبْرِير"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "ardaracʻum",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "արդարացում"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "bəraət"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "apraŭdánnje",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "апраўда́нне"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izvinénie",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "извине́ние"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "opravdánie",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "оправда́ние"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "justificació"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhèngdànghuà",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "正當化 /正当化"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ospravedlnění"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "zdůvodnění"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "odůvodnění"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rechtvaardiging"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "apologio"
},
{
"code": "ee",
"lang": "Ewe",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "afiatsotso"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "oikeutus"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "justification"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gamartleba",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "გამართლება"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rechtfertigung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Begründung"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "dikaiología",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "δικαιολογία"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "aitiológisi",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "αιτιολόγηση"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "apológisi",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "απολόγηση"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "indoklás"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "réasún"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "giustificazione"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ragione"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spiegazione"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "scusa"
},
{
"alt": "せいとうか",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "seitōka",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "正当化"
},
{
"alt": "正當化",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jeongdanghwa",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "정당화"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "parahautanga"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "justificacion"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "towjih",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "توجیه"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "bahâne",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "بهانه"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "usprawiedliwienie"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "uzasadnienie"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "justificativa"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "justificação"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "explicação"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "justificare"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "justificație"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "opravdánije",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "оправда́ние"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "justificación"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "rättfärdigande"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "rättfärdiggörelse"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "haklı çıkma"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "savunma"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "temize çıkma"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "gerekçe"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "mazeret"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "müstenidat"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "výpravdannja",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ви́правдання"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cyfiawnhad"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "forgiveness of sin",
"word": "vanhurskauttaminen"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "toġaštkum",
"sense": "text alignment",
"word": "տողաշտկում"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "podravnjávane",
"sense": "text alignment",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "подравня́ване"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "text alignment",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "zarovnání"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "text alignment",
"word": "tasaus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "text alignment",
"word": "suljenta"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "text alignment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "justification"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gasc̣oreba",
"sense": "text alignment",
"word": "გასწორება"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "text alignment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ausrichtung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"english": "print",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "text alignment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Blocksatz"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "text alignment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Zeilenfall"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "stoíchisi",
"sense": "text alignment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "στοίχιση"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "text alignment",
"word": "igazítás"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "text alignment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "giustificazione"
},
{
"alt": "ぎょうそろえ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "gyōsoroe",
"sense": "text alignment",
"word": "行揃え"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jyasutifikēshon",
"sense": "text alignment",
"word": "ジャスティフィケーション"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "text alignment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "justyfikacja"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "text alignment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "justificação"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vyrávnivanije",
"sense": "text alignment",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "выра́внивание"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "text alignment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "justificación"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "text alignment",
"word": "justering"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"justification"
],
"word": "justification"
}
Download raw JSONL data for justification meaning in English (14.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (ee63ee9 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.