See justification on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for justification meaning in All languages combined (19.1kB)
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "condemnation"
},
{
"word": "conviction"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "self-justification"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰeh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "justificacioun"
},
"expansion": "Middle English justificacioun",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "justification"
},
"expansion": "justification",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "justification"
},
"expansion": "Middle French justification",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "iustificationem",
"4": "iustificationem, justificationem"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin iustificationem, justificationem",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "iustificatio"
},
"expansion": "iustificatio",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "iustifico"
},
"expansion": "iustifico",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "iustus"
},
"expansion": "Latin iustus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English justificacioun, justification, from Middle French justification, from Late Latin iustificationem, justificationem < iustificatio, from iustifico, from Latin iustus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "justifications",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "justification (countable and uncountable, plural justifications)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "acquittal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "exculpation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "justify"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "warrantedness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "worthwhileness"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 4 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A reason, explanation, or excuse which someone believes provides convincing, morally acceptable support for behavior or for a belief or occurrence."
],
"id": "en-justification-en-noun-b92o6lWr",
"links": [
[
"reason",
"reason"
],
[
"explanation",
"explanation"
],
[
"excuse",
"excuse"
],
[
"convincing",
"convincing"
],
[
"morally",
"morally"
],
[
"support",
"support"
],
[
"behavior",
"behavior"
],
[
"belief",
"belief"
],
[
"occurrence",
"occurrence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) A reason, explanation, or excuse which someone believes provides convincing, morally acceptable support for behavior or for a belief or occurrence."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "shpjegim"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "tabrīr",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "تَبْرِير"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "ardaracʻum",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "արդարացում"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "bəraət"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "apraŭdánnje",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "апраўда́нне"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izvinénie",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "извине́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "opravdánie",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "оправда́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "justificació"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "正當化"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhèngdànghuà",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "正当化"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ospravedlnění"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "zdůvodnění"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "odůvodnění"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rechtvaardiging"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"code": "ee",
"lang": "Ewe",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "afiatsotso"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "oikeutus"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "justification"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gamartleba",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "გამართლება"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rechtfertigung"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Begründung"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "dikaiología",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "δικαιολογία"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "aitiológisi",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "αιτιολόγηση"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "apológisi",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "απολόγηση"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "indoklás"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "réasún"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "giustificazione"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ragione"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spiegazione"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "scusa"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"alt": "せいとうか",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "seitōka",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "正当化"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"alt": "正當化",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jeongdanghwa",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "정당화"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "parahautanga"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "towjih",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "توجیه"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "bahâne",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "بهانه"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "usprawiedliwienie"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "uzasadnienie"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "justificativa"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "justificação"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "justificare"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "justificație"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "opravdánije",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "оправда́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "justificación"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "rättfärdigande"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "rättfärdiggörelse"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "haklı çıkma"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "savunma"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "temize çıkma"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "gerekçe"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "mazeret"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "müstenidat"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "výpravdannja",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ви́правдання"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 3",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cyfiawnhad"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Christianity",
"orig": "en:Christianity",
"parents": [
"Abrahamism",
"Religion",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1999, Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification, (Please provide the book title or journal name)",
"text": "[…] to articulate a common understanding of our justification by God’s grace through faith in Christ.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The forgiveness of sin."
],
"id": "en-justification-en-noun-kiEArc6x",
"links": [
[
"Christianity",
"Christianity"
],
[
"sin",
"sin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Christianity, uncountable) The forgiveness of sin."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"Christianity"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 99 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "forgiveness of sin",
"word": "vanhurskauttaminen"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Typography",
"orig": "en:Typography",
"parents": [
"Printing",
"Writing",
"Industries",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Business",
"Human",
"Communication",
"Economics",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "45 4 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The alignment of text to the left margin (left justification), the right margin (right justification), or both margins (full justification)."
],
"id": "en-justification-en-noun-2v4brcnY",
"links": [
[
"typography",
"typography"
],
[
"alignment",
"alignment"
],
[
"text",
"text"
],
[
"margin",
"margin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(typography, uncountable) The alignment of text to the left margin (left justification), the right margin (right justification), or both margins (full justification)."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"media",
"publishing",
"typography"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "9 2 89",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "toġaštkum",
"sense": "text alignment",
"word": "տողաշտկում"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 89",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "podravnjávane",
"sense": "text alignment",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "подравня́ване"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 89",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "text alignment",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "zarovnání"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 89",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "text alignment",
"word": "tasaus"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 89",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "text alignment",
"word": "suljenta"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 89",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "text alignment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "justification"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 89",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gasc̣oreba",
"sense": "text alignment",
"word": "გასწორება"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 89",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "text alignment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ausrichtung"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 89",
"code": "de",
"english": "print",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "text alignment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Blocksatz"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 89",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "text alignment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Zeilenfall"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 89",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "stoíchisi",
"sense": "text alignment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "στοίχιση"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 89",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "text alignment",
"word": "igazítás"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 89",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "text alignment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "giustificazione"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 89",
"alt": "ぎょうそろえ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "gyōsoroe",
"sense": "text alignment",
"word": "行揃え"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 89",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jyasutifikēshon",
"sense": "text alignment",
"word": "ジャスティフィケーション"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 89",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "text alignment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "justyfikacja"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 89",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "text alignment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "justificação"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 89",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vyrávnivanije",
"sense": "text alignment",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "выра́внивание"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 89",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "text alignment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "justificación"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 89",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "text alignment",
"word": "justering"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌd͡ʒʌstɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪʃən"
},
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-justification.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-justification.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-justification.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"justification"
],
"word": "justification"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old French",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "iustificationem",
"4": "justificationem"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin justificationem",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "iustificatio"
},
"expansion": "iustificatio",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "iustifico"
},
"expansion": "iustifico",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "iustus"
},
"expansion": "Latin iustus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French, borrowed from Late Latin justificationem < iustificatio, from iustifico, from Latin iustus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "justifications",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "justification f (plural justifications)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"justification (reason, excuse, etc.)"
],
"id": "en-justification-fr-noun-HpbZThcg",
"links": [
[
"justification",
"justification#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "justifier"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʒys.ti.fi.ka.sjɔ̃/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-justification.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-justification.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-justification.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-justification.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-justification.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "justification"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "justification",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: justification",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: justification"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "justification"
},
"expansion": "French: justification",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: justification"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "iustificationem",
"4": "iustificationem, justificationem"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin iustificationem, justificationem",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French, borrowed from Late Latin iustificationem, justificationem.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "justifications",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"10": "{{{f}}}",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{f}}}s",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "justifications",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{pl2}}}",
"9": "",
"f1accel-form": "p",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "justification f (plural justifications)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "justification f (plural justifications)",
"name": "frm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"justification (all senses)"
],
"id": "en-justification-frm-noun-MUBqIGYf",
"links": [
[
"justification",
"#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "justification"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "condemnation"
},
{
"word": "conviction"
}
],
"categories": [
"English 5-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Rhymes:English/eɪʃən",
"Rhymes:English/eɪʃən/5 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "self-justification"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰeh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "justificacioun"
},
"expansion": "Middle English justificacioun",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "justification"
},
"expansion": "justification",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "justification"
},
"expansion": "Middle French justification",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "iustificationem",
"4": "iustificationem, justificationem"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin iustificationem, justificationem",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "iustificatio"
},
"expansion": "iustificatio",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "iustifico"
},
"expansion": "iustifico",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "iustus"
},
"expansion": "Latin iustus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English justificacioun, justification, from Middle French justification, from Late Latin iustificationem, justificationem < iustificatio, from iustifico, from Latin iustus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "justifications",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "justification (countable and uncountable, plural justifications)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "acquittal"
},
{
"word": "exculpation"
},
{
"word": "justify"
},
{
"word": "warrantedness"
},
{
"word": "worthwhileness"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"A reason, explanation, or excuse which someone believes provides convincing, morally acceptable support for behavior or for a belief or occurrence."
],
"links": [
[
"reason",
"reason"
],
[
"explanation",
"explanation"
],
[
"excuse",
"excuse"
],
[
"convincing",
"convincing"
],
[
"morally",
"morally"
],
[
"support",
"support"
],
[
"behavior",
"behavior"
],
[
"belief",
"belief"
],
[
"occurrence",
"occurrence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) A reason, explanation, or excuse which someone believes provides convincing, morally acceptable support for behavior or for a belief or occurrence."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Christianity"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1999, Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification, (Please provide the book title or journal name)",
"text": "[…] to articulate a common understanding of our justification by God’s grace through faith in Christ.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The forgiveness of sin."
],
"links": [
[
"Christianity",
"Christianity"
],
[
"sin",
"sin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Christianity, uncountable) The forgiveness of sin."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"Christianity"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English uncountable nouns",
"en:Typography"
],
"glosses": [
"The alignment of text to the left margin (left justification), the right margin (right justification), or both margins (full justification)."
],
"links": [
[
"typography",
"typography"
],
[
"alignment",
"alignment"
],
[
"text",
"text"
],
[
"margin",
"margin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(typography, uncountable) The alignment of text to the left margin (left justification), the right margin (right justification), or both margins (full justification)."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"media",
"publishing",
"typography"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌd͡ʒʌstɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪʃən"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-justification.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-justification.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-justification.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-justification.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-justification.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-justification.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-justification.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-justification.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-justification.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-justification.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "shpjegim"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "tabrīr",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "تَبْرِير"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "ardaracʻum",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "արդարացում"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "bəraət"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "apraŭdánnje",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "апраўда́нне"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izvinénie",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "извине́ние"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "opravdánie",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "оправда́ние"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "justificació"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "正當化"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhèngdànghuà",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "正当化"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ospravedlnění"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "zdůvodnění"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "odůvodnění"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rechtvaardiging"
},
{
"code": "ee",
"lang": "Ewe",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "afiatsotso"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "oikeutus"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "justification"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gamartleba",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "გამართლება"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rechtfertigung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Begründung"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "dikaiología",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "δικαιολογία"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "aitiológisi",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "αιτιολόγηση"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "apológisi",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "απολόγηση"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "indoklás"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "réasún"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "giustificazione"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ragione"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spiegazione"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "scusa"
},
{
"alt": "せいとうか",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "seitōka",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "正当化"
},
{
"alt": "正當化",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jeongdanghwa",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "정당화"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "parahautanga"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "towjih",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "توجیه"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "bahâne",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "بهانه"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "usprawiedliwienie"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "uzasadnienie"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "justificativa"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "justificação"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "justificare"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "justificație"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "opravdánije",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "оправда́ние"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "justificación"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "rättfärdigande"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "rättfärdiggörelse"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "haklı çıkma"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "savunma"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "temize çıkma"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "gerekçe"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "mazeret"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"word": "müstenidat"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "výpravdannja",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ви́правдання"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "reason, explanation, or excuse",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cyfiawnhad"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "forgiveness of sin",
"word": "vanhurskauttaminen"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "toġaštkum",
"sense": "text alignment",
"word": "տողաշտկում"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "podravnjávane",
"sense": "text alignment",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "подравня́ване"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "text alignment",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "zarovnání"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "text alignment",
"word": "tasaus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "text alignment",
"word": "suljenta"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "text alignment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "justification"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gasc̣oreba",
"sense": "text alignment",
"word": "გასწორება"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "text alignment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ausrichtung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"english": "print",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "text alignment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Blocksatz"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "text alignment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Zeilenfall"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "stoíchisi",
"sense": "text alignment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "στοίχιση"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "text alignment",
"word": "igazítás"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "text alignment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "giustificazione"
},
{
"alt": "ぎょうそろえ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "gyōsoroe",
"sense": "text alignment",
"word": "行揃え"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jyasutifikēshon",
"sense": "text alignment",
"word": "ジャスティフィケーション"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "text alignment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "justyfikacja"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "text alignment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "justificação"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vyrávnivanije",
"sense": "text alignment",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "выра́внивание"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "text alignment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "justificación"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "text alignment",
"word": "justering"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"justification"
],
"word": "justification"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old French",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "iustificationem",
"4": "justificationem"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin justificationem",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "iustificatio"
},
"expansion": "iustificatio",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "iustifico"
},
"expansion": "iustifico",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "iustus"
},
"expansion": "Latin iustus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French, borrowed from Late Latin justificationem < iustificatio, from iustifico, from Latin iustus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "justifications",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "justification f (plural justifications)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "justifier"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French 5-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French feminine nouns",
"French lemmas",
"French nouns",
"French terms derived from Late Latin",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with audio links"
],
"glosses": [
"justification (reason, excuse, etc.)"
],
"links": [
[
"justification",
"justification#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʒys.ti.fi.ka.sjɔ̃/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-justification.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-justification.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-justification.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-justification.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-justification.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "justification"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "justification",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: justification",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: justification"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "justification"
},
"expansion": "French: justification",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: justification"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "iustificationem",
"4": "iustificationem, justificationem"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin iustificationem, justificationem",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French, borrowed from Late Latin iustificationem, justificationem.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "justifications",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"10": "{{{f}}}",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{f}}}s",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "justifications",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{pl2}}}",
"9": "",
"f1accel-form": "p",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "justification f (plural justifications)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "justification f (plural justifications)",
"name": "frm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle French countable nouns",
"Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle French feminine nouns",
"Middle French lemmas",
"Middle French nouns",
"Middle French terms derived from Late Latin",
"Middle French terms derived from Old French",
"Middle French terms inherited from Old French"
],
"glosses": [
"justification (all senses)"
],
"links": [
[
"justification",
"#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "justification"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.