See institutional in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "institutional advancement"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "institutional advertising"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "institutional framework"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "institutionalism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "institutionalist"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "institutionalize"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "institutionally"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "institutional memory"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "institutional racism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "institutional religion"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "noninstitutional"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "institution",
"3": "al"
},
"expansion": "institution + -al",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From institution + -al.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more institutional",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most institutional",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "institutional (comparative more institutional, superlative most institutional)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2022 September 7, Dr Joseph Brennan, “Railway towns and a social revolution”, in RAIL, number 965, page 55, photo caption:",
"text": "Swindon's Model Lodging House was originally designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel. The 1847-1849 recession led to delays and plan revisions, including smaller windows in the finished structure, resulting in a more 'institutional' appearance.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or organized along the lines of an institution."
],
"id": "en-institutional-en-adj-QRwyaqKO",
"links": [
[
"institution",
"institution"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "57 3 3 37",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "institucionalen",
"sense": "of pertaining to or characteristic of an institution",
"word": "институционален"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 3 37",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "of pertaining to or characteristic of an institution",
"word": "institucional"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 3 37",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "of pertaining to or characteristic of an institution",
"word": "institutionel"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 3 37",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "of pertaining to or characteristic of an institution",
"word": "institutioneel"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 3 37",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of pertaining to or characteristic of an institution",
"word": "institutionaalinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 3 37",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of pertaining to or characteristic of an institution",
"word": "institutionnel"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 3 37",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of pertaining to or characteristic of an institution",
"word": "institutionell"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 3 37",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "sansthāgat",
"sense": "of pertaining to or characteristic of an institution",
"word": "संस्थागत"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 3 37",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "of pertaining to or characteristic of an institution",
"word": "intézményi"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 3 37",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "of pertaining to or characteristic of an institution",
"word": "istituzionale"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 3 37",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "of pertaining to or characteristic of an institution",
"word": "institusjonell"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 3 37",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "of pertaining to or characteristic of an institution",
"word": "institusjonell"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 3 37",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of pertaining to or characteristic of an institution",
"word": "instytucjonalny"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 3 37",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of pertaining to or characteristic of an institution",
"word": "institucional"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 3 37",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "of pertaining to or characteristic of an institution",
"word": "instituțional"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 3 37",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "institucionálʹnyj",
"sense": "of pertaining to or characteristic of an institution",
"word": "институциона́льный"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 3 37",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of pertaining to or characteristic of an institution",
"word": "institucional"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 3 37",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "of pertaining to or characteristic of an institution",
"word": "institutionell"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 3 37",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "instytucíjnyj",
"sense": "of pertaining to or characteristic of an institution",
"word": "інституці́йний"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 13 5 6 8 23 23 4 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 14 6 6 8 19 24 5 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 14 6 5 8 23 23 5 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 14 11 6 5 10 22 7 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 13 6 6 8 24 22 5 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 13 5 6 8 22 22 5 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 13 3 5 7 17 17 15 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 14 5 5 8 23 23 4 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 14 5 5 8 24 23 4 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 14 5 5 8 23 23 4 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "institutional ruling",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Instituted by authority."
],
"id": "en-institutional-en-adj-GZ9g2mG8",
"links": [
[
"authority",
"authority"
],
[
"Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary",
"w:Webster's Dictionary#Webster's New International Dictionary 1909"
],
[
"G. & C. Merriam",
"w:Merriam-Webster"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 96 1 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kazionen",
"sense": "instituted by authority",
"word": "казионен"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 96 1 2",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "sansthāgat",
"sense": "instituted by authority",
"word": "संस्थागत"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 14 11 6 5 10 22 7 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 8 10 5 11 15 16 13 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Elementary; rudimentary."
],
"id": "en-institutional-en-adj-TCXhw7ki",
"links": [
[
"Elementary",
"elementary"
],
[
"rudimentary",
"rudimentary"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1999, William MacPherson, The Stephen Lawrence Inquiry, Cm 4262-I, para 6.48",
"text": "There must be an unequivocal acceptance of the problem of institutional racism and its nature before it can be addressed"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Arising from the practice of an institution."
],
"id": "en-institutional-en-adj-Xlmi2FAO"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌɪnstɪˈtjuʃənəl/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌɪnstɪˈtʃuːʃənəl/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ʃnəl/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌɪnstɪˈtjuʃənəl/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənəl/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ʃnəl/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-institutional.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/02/En-us-institutional.oga/En-us-institutional.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/En-us-institutional.oga"
}
],
"word": "institutional"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "institution",
"3": "al"
},
"expansion": "institution + -al",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From institution + -al.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "institutionals",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "institutional (plural institutionals)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 8 10 5 11 15 16 13 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1968, The Public Relations Journal - Volume 24, page 3:",
"text": "Few public relations people have learned to communicate effectively with the funds, meet their needs, and maintain a balance between institutionals and indivdual round lot holders.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1999, E. Wymeersch, Shareholder Voting Rights and Practices in Europe and the United States, page 51:",
"text": "At a later stage one could imagine some institutionals occasionally or even systematically engaging in law suits against companies or their directors to influence the company's conduct.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Peter Koslowski, Business Ethics in East Central Europe, page 13:",
"text": "Even during the distribution of the public capital assets \"free of charge\", the case of Czech Republic showed, that the restructuring of property, esp. in the concentrated institutional form of \"institutionals\", leads to a conservation of some essential dysfunctions of the past system.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2015, Klaus J. Hopt, Eddy Wymeersch, Comparative Corporate Governance: Essays and Materials, page 69:",
"text": "Institutionals, especially also foreign institutionals have increased their holdings in the Belgian companies, with some effect on governance techniques.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A client that is an organization rather than an individual."
],
"id": "en-institutional-en-noun-XK6rl1tJ",
"links": [
[
"client",
"client"
],
[
"organization",
"organization"
],
[
"individual",
"individual"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Politics",
"orig": "en:Politics",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 13 5 6 8 23 23 4 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 14 6 6 8 19 24 5 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 14 6 5 8 23 23 5 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 8 10 5 11 15 16 13 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 13 6 6 8 24 22 5 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 13 5 6 8 22 22 5 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 13 3 5 7 17 17 15 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 14 5 5 8 23 23 4 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 14 5 5 8 24 23 4 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 14 5 5 8 23 23 4 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2000, Country Forecast: Chile, page 6:",
"text": "The institutionals include four former senior military commanders, one from each of the four branches of the armed forces, selected by the National security Council (Cosena); two former Supreme Court judges and one former comptroller-general, selected by the Supreme Court; and one former interior minister and a former university rector, selected by the president.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2003, Scott Morgenstern, Patterns of Legislative Politics, page 166:",
"text": "The time series is very short for the post-1998 transition in the Senate, but if the few votes are indicative, they show that at least a few of the institutionals are much more willing to join legislative majorities than before.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Peter M. Siavelis, President and Congress in Postauthoritarian Chile, page 40:",
"text": "While the \"institutionals\" certainly have not voted as a bloc with the Right in all situations, in general terms they have been a reliable ally for this sector.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A Chilean senator who is appointed by the president for a term of eight years."
],
"id": "en-institutional-en-noun-4SA~YUgj",
"links": [
[
"politics",
"politics"
],
[
"Chilean",
"Chilean"
],
[
"senator",
"senator"
],
[
"appoint",
"appoint"
],
[
"president",
"president"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(politics) A Chilean senator who is appointed by the president for a term of eight years."
],
"topics": [
"government",
"politics"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 21 7 4 6 3 35 4 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 19 2 7 5 10 28 5 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -al",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 20 3 4 5 5 35 6 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 21 7 4 6 3 39 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 25 2 2 3 3 44 3 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 13 5 6 8 23 23 4 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 14 6 6 8 19 24 5 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 15 4 6 6 19 31 4 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 19 3 5 5 8 30 6 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 14 6 5 8 23 23 5 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 19 2 5 4 8 31 6 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 19 6 6 5 9 29 6 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 14 11 6 5 10 22 7 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 8 10 5 11 15 16 13 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 21 3 4 4 8 33 5 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 13 6 6 8 24 22 5 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 20 3 3 4 13 39 2 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 13 5 6 8 22 22 5 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 13 3 5 7 17 17 15 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 14 5 5 8 23 23 4 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 21 3 4 4 8 33 5 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 21 2 4 3 6 37 5 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 14 5 5 8 24 23 4 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 14 5 5 8 23 23 4 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1948, United States. Civil Aeronautics Administration, Airport Planning: Economic character of communities, page 13:",
"text": "In any time period, Marketing Centers and Institutionals will have a higher per capita index of airline passengers than either Industrial or Balanced communities.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1953, Chester Rapkin, Housing Market Analysis: A Study of Theory and Methods, page 61:",
"text": "The \"marketing\" centers consisted of the metropolitan districts that were above average in wholesale sales but low in industrial employment. The \"institutionals\" were low in both trade and industrial employment.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1962, Robert Horonjeff, The Planning and Design of Airports, page 121:",
"text": "It was found that marketing centers and institutionals had superior purchasing power to industrial and balanced centers, and in turn the number of airline passengers generated and the number of registered general aviation aircraft were also greater for the marketing and institutional classifications .",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A community where the majority of inhabitants work at an institution (as opposed to industry or trade), or one such inhabitant."
],
"id": "en-institutional-en-noun-jjLU2DUI",
"links": [
[
"community",
"community"
],
[
"majority",
"majority"
],
[
"inhabitant",
"inhabitant"
],
[
"institution",
"institution"
],
[
"industry",
"industry"
],
[
"trade",
"trade"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 8 10 5 11 15 16 13 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 13 3 5 7 17 17 15 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1977, United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on the Constitution, Civil Rights of Institutionalized Persons, page 100:",
"text": "And I hope you can work it out where 'institutionals' can have rights too.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1981, Bella Jacobs, Working with the At-risk Older Person: A Resource Manual, page 42:",
"text": "We have no groups that do not include ex-institutionals.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2016, Judith Walzer Leavitt, Brought to Bed: Childbearing in America, 1750-1950, page 74:",
"text": "The first group, the so-called \"institutionals,\" represents the poorest and most desperate women living in or near the urban centers. These women, often unmarried and frequently with no family support or employment, turned in their pregnant despair to public or private charity institutions.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An institutionalized person."
],
"id": "en-institutional-en-noun-kMP9i3RK",
"links": [
[
"institutionalized",
"institutionalized"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Sociology",
"orig": "en:Sociology",
"parents": [
"Social sciences",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 13 5 6 8 23 23 4 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 14 6 6 8 19 24 5 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 14 6 5 8 23 23 5 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 14 11 6 5 10 22 7 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 8 10 5 11 15 16 13 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 13 6 6 8 24 22 5 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 13 5 6 8 22 22 5 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 13 3 5 7 17 17 15 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 14 5 5 8 23 23 4 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 14 5 5 8 24 23 4 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 14 5 5 8 23 23 4 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1981, Gregory Prentice Stone, Harvey A. Farberman, Social Psychology Through Symbolic Interaction, page 206:",
"text": "If vocational counseling to help the individual find his peculiar niche has elements of the impulse conception of self, the idea that a person can make of himself what he will, that one chooses a task and then works at it, is the view of institutionals.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1988, Michael R. Wood, Louis A. Zurcher Jr., The Development of a Postmodern Self, page 22:",
"text": "For institutionals the self is revealed through adherence to a high standard, especially in spite of adverse conditions.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1999, Roy F. Baumeister, The Self in Social Psychology:",
"text": "For the institutionals, hypocrisy consists of failing to live up to one's standards.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person whose sense of self is based on institutionalized values and standards, as opposed to their tastes and impulses."
],
"id": "en-institutional-en-noun-FSUCg-mE",
"links": [
[
"sociology",
"sociology"
],
[
"self",
"self"
],
[
"value",
"value"
],
[
"standard",
"standard"
],
[
"taste",
"taste"
],
[
"impulse",
"impulse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sociology) A person whose sense of self is based on institutionalized values and standards, as opposed to their tastes and impulses."
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"sciences",
"social-science",
"sociology"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌɪnstɪˈtjuʃənəl/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌɪnstɪˈtʃuːʃənəl/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ʃnəl/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌɪnstɪˈtjuʃənəl/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənəl/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ʃnəl/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-institutional.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/02/En-us-institutional.oga/En-us-institutional.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/En-us-institutional.oga"
}
],
"word": "institutional"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 4-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms suffixed with -al",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "institutional advancement"
},
{
"word": "institutional advertising"
},
{
"word": "institutional framework"
},
{
"word": "institutionalism"
},
{
"word": "institutionalist"
},
{
"word": "institutionalize"
},
{
"word": "institutionally"
},
{
"word": "institutional memory"
},
{
"word": "institutional racism"
},
{
"word": "institutional religion"
},
{
"word": "noninstitutional"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "institution",
"3": "al"
},
"expansion": "institution + -al",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From institution + -al.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more institutional",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most institutional",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "institutional (comparative more institutional, superlative most institutional)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2022 September 7, Dr Joseph Brennan, “Railway towns and a social revolution”, in RAIL, number 965, page 55, photo caption:",
"text": "Swindon's Model Lodging House was originally designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel. The 1847-1849 recession led to delays and plan revisions, including smaller windows in the finished structure, resulting in a more 'institutional' appearance.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or organized along the lines of an institution."
],
"links": [
[
"institution",
"institution"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "institutional ruling",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Instituted by authority."
],
"links": [
[
"authority",
"authority"
],
[
"Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary",
"w:Webster's Dictionary#Webster's New International Dictionary 1909"
],
[
"G. & C. Merriam",
"w:Merriam-Webster"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Elementary; rudimentary."
],
"links": [
[
"Elementary",
"elementary"
],
[
"rudimentary",
"rudimentary"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1999, William MacPherson, The Stephen Lawrence Inquiry, Cm 4262-I, para 6.48",
"text": "There must be an unequivocal acceptance of the problem of institutional racism and its nature before it can be addressed"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Arising from the practice of an institution."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌɪnstɪˈtjuʃənəl/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌɪnstɪˈtʃuːʃənəl/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ʃnəl/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌɪnstɪˈtjuʃənəl/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənəl/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ʃnəl/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-institutional.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/02/En-us-institutional.oga/En-us-institutional.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/En-us-institutional.oga"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "institucionalen",
"sense": "of pertaining to or characteristic of an institution",
"word": "институционален"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "of pertaining to or characteristic of an institution",
"word": "institucional"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "of pertaining to or characteristic of an institution",
"word": "institutionel"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "of pertaining to or characteristic of an institution",
"word": "institutioneel"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of pertaining to or characteristic of an institution",
"word": "institutionaalinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of pertaining to or characteristic of an institution",
"word": "institutionnel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of pertaining to or characteristic of an institution",
"word": "institutionell"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "sansthāgat",
"sense": "of pertaining to or characteristic of an institution",
"word": "संस्थागत"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "of pertaining to or characteristic of an institution",
"word": "intézményi"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "of pertaining to or characteristic of an institution",
"word": "istituzionale"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "of pertaining to or characteristic of an institution",
"word": "institusjonell"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "of pertaining to or characteristic of an institution",
"word": "institusjonell"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of pertaining to or characteristic of an institution",
"word": "instytucjonalny"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of pertaining to or characteristic of an institution",
"word": "institucional"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "of pertaining to or characteristic of an institution",
"word": "instituțional"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "institucionálʹnyj",
"sense": "of pertaining to or characteristic of an institution",
"word": "институциона́льный"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of pertaining to or characteristic of an institution",
"word": "institucional"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "of pertaining to or characteristic of an institution",
"word": "institutionell"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "instytucíjnyj",
"sense": "of pertaining to or characteristic of an institution",
"word": "інституці́йний"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kazionen",
"sense": "instituted by authority",
"word": "казионен"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "sansthāgat",
"sense": "instituted by authority",
"word": "संस्थागत"
}
],
"word": "institutional"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 4-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms suffixed with -al",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "institution",
"3": "al"
},
"expansion": "institution + -al",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From institution + -al.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "institutionals",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "institutional (plural institutionals)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1968, The Public Relations Journal - Volume 24, page 3:",
"text": "Few public relations people have learned to communicate effectively with the funds, meet their needs, and maintain a balance between institutionals and indivdual round lot holders.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1999, E. Wymeersch, Shareholder Voting Rights and Practices in Europe and the United States, page 51:",
"text": "At a later stage one could imagine some institutionals occasionally or even systematically engaging in law suits against companies or their directors to influence the company's conduct.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Peter Koslowski, Business Ethics in East Central Europe, page 13:",
"text": "Even during the distribution of the public capital assets \"free of charge\", the case of Czech Republic showed, that the restructuring of property, esp. in the concentrated institutional form of \"institutionals\", leads to a conservation of some essential dysfunctions of the past system.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2015, Klaus J. Hopt, Eddy Wymeersch, Comparative Corporate Governance: Essays and Materials, page 69:",
"text": "Institutionals, especially also foreign institutionals have increased their holdings in the Belgian companies, with some effect on governance techniques.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A client that is an organization rather than an individual."
],
"links": [
[
"client",
"client"
],
[
"organization",
"organization"
],
[
"individual",
"individual"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Politics"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2000, Country Forecast: Chile, page 6:",
"text": "The institutionals include four former senior military commanders, one from each of the four branches of the armed forces, selected by the National security Council (Cosena); two former Supreme Court judges and one former comptroller-general, selected by the Supreme Court; and one former interior minister and a former university rector, selected by the president.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2003, Scott Morgenstern, Patterns of Legislative Politics, page 166:",
"text": "The time series is very short for the post-1998 transition in the Senate, but if the few votes are indicative, they show that at least a few of the institutionals are much more willing to join legislative majorities than before.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Peter M. Siavelis, President and Congress in Postauthoritarian Chile, page 40:",
"text": "While the \"institutionals\" certainly have not voted as a bloc with the Right in all situations, in general terms they have been a reliable ally for this sector.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A Chilean senator who is appointed by the president for a term of eight years."
],
"links": [
[
"politics",
"politics"
],
[
"Chilean",
"Chilean"
],
[
"senator",
"senator"
],
[
"appoint",
"appoint"
],
[
"president",
"president"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(politics) A Chilean senator who is appointed by the president for a term of eight years."
],
"topics": [
"government",
"politics"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1948, United States. Civil Aeronautics Administration, Airport Planning: Economic character of communities, page 13:",
"text": "In any time period, Marketing Centers and Institutionals will have a higher per capita index of airline passengers than either Industrial or Balanced communities.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1953, Chester Rapkin, Housing Market Analysis: A Study of Theory and Methods, page 61:",
"text": "The \"marketing\" centers consisted of the metropolitan districts that were above average in wholesale sales but low in industrial employment. The \"institutionals\" were low in both trade and industrial employment.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1962, Robert Horonjeff, The Planning and Design of Airports, page 121:",
"text": "It was found that marketing centers and institutionals had superior purchasing power to industrial and balanced centers, and in turn the number of airline passengers generated and the number of registered general aviation aircraft were also greater for the marketing and institutional classifications .",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A community where the majority of inhabitants work at an institution (as opposed to industry or trade), or one such inhabitant."
],
"links": [
[
"community",
"community"
],
[
"majority",
"majority"
],
[
"inhabitant",
"inhabitant"
],
[
"institution",
"institution"
],
[
"industry",
"industry"
],
[
"trade",
"trade"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1977, United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on the Constitution, Civil Rights of Institutionalized Persons, page 100:",
"text": "And I hope you can work it out where 'institutionals' can have rights too.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1981, Bella Jacobs, Working with the At-risk Older Person: A Resource Manual, page 42:",
"text": "We have no groups that do not include ex-institutionals.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2016, Judith Walzer Leavitt, Brought to Bed: Childbearing in America, 1750-1950, page 74:",
"text": "The first group, the so-called \"institutionals,\" represents the poorest and most desperate women living in or near the urban centers. These women, often unmarried and frequently with no family support or employment, turned in their pregnant despair to public or private charity institutions.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An institutionalized person."
],
"links": [
[
"institutionalized",
"institutionalized"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Sociology"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1981, Gregory Prentice Stone, Harvey A. Farberman, Social Psychology Through Symbolic Interaction, page 206:",
"text": "If vocational counseling to help the individual find his peculiar niche has elements of the impulse conception of self, the idea that a person can make of himself what he will, that one chooses a task and then works at it, is the view of institutionals.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1988, Michael R. Wood, Louis A. Zurcher Jr., The Development of a Postmodern Self, page 22:",
"text": "For institutionals the self is revealed through adherence to a high standard, especially in spite of adverse conditions.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1999, Roy F. Baumeister, The Self in Social Psychology:",
"text": "For the institutionals, hypocrisy consists of failing to live up to one's standards.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person whose sense of self is based on institutionalized values and standards, as opposed to their tastes and impulses."
],
"links": [
[
"sociology",
"sociology"
],
[
"self",
"self"
],
[
"value",
"value"
],
[
"standard",
"standard"
],
[
"taste",
"taste"
],
[
"impulse",
"impulse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sociology) A person whose sense of self is based on institutionalized values and standards, as opposed to their tastes and impulses."
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"sciences",
"social-science",
"sociology"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌɪnstɪˈtjuʃənəl/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌɪnstɪˈtʃuːʃənəl/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ʃnəl/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌɪnstɪˈtjuʃənəl/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənəl/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ʃnəl/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-institutional.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/02/En-us-institutional.oga/En-us-institutional.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/En-us-institutional.oga"
}
],
"word": "institutional"
}
Download raw JSONL data for institutional meaning in English (15.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.