"hoarding" meaning in English

See hoarding in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈhɔːdɪŋ/ Forms: hoardings [plural]
Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)dɪŋ Etymology: From hoard (“structure”) + -ing. Etymology templates: {{langname|en}} English, {{senseno|en|shield}} sense 1, {{langname|en}} English, {{senseno|en|fence}} sense 2, {{suf|en|hoard|-ing|id2=gerund noun|t1=structure}} hoard (“structure”) + -ing Head templates: {{en-noun}} hoarding (plural hoardings)
  1. (architecture, historical) A roofed wooden shield placed over the battlements of a castle and projecting from them. Tags: historical Categories (topical): Architecture Translations (roofed wooden shield over the battlements): cadafal [masculine] (Catalan), hourd [masculine] (French), andamio [masculine] (Galician), Hurde [feminine] (German), cadafalso [masculine] (Portuguese), cadalso [masculine] (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-hoarding-en-noun-en:shield Topics: architecture Disambiguation of 'roofed wooden shield over the battlements': 91 5 4
  2. (construction, UK, Ireland, Hong Kong) A temporary fence-like structure built around building work to add security and prevent accidents to the public. Tags: Hong-Kong, Ireland, UK Categories (topical): Construction
    Sense id: en-hoarding-en-noun-en:fence Categories (other): British English, Hong Kong English, Irish English, English terms suffixed with -ing (gerund noun), English terms suffixed with -ing (participial) Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ing (gerund noun): 9 15 33 12 5 27 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ing (participial): 7 12 25 9 4 21 22 Topics: business, construction, manufacturing
  3. (chiefly Britain, India, Ireland, Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Canada) A billboard. Tags: Australia, Britain, Canada, Hong-Kong, India, Ireland, Malaysia, New-Zealand, Singapore, South-Africa
    Sense id: en-hoarding-en-noun-~4hy3JUe Categories (other): Australian English, British English, Canadian English, Hong Kong English, Indian English, Irish English, Malaysian English, New Zealand English, Singapore English, South African English, English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -ing (gerund noun), English terms suffixed with -ing (participial) Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 25 33 42 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ing (gerund noun): 9 15 33 12 5 27 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ing (participial): 7 12 25 9 4 21 22
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Noun

IPA: /ˈhɔːdɪŋ/ Forms: hoardings [plural]
Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)dɪŋ Etymology: From hoard + -ing. Etymology templates: {{suf|en|hoard|-ing|id2=gerund noun}} hoard + -ing Head templates: {{en-noun|~}} hoarding (countable and uncountable, plural hoardings)
  1. The practice of accumulating goods. Tags: countable, uncountable
    Sense id: en-hoarding-en-noun-V~rVfEMI Categories (other): English terms suffixed with -ing (gerund noun) Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ing (gerund noun): 9 15 33 12 5 27
  2. (countable) A good which is hoarded. Tags: countable
    Sense id: en-hoarding-en-noun-dnjLuEUd
  3. (psychology) An anxiety disorder characterized by a compulsive need to accumulate goods and feelings of anxiety or discomfort about discarding such goods. Tags: countable, uncountable Categories (topical): Psychology Synonyms: compulsive hoarding, hoarding disorder Translations (anxiety disorder): hoarding (Dutch), verzamelstoornis (Dutch), keräilypakko (Finnish), pakonomainen keräily (Finnish), hamstraus [informal] (Finnish), syllogomanie [feminine] (French), Messie-Syndrom [neuter] (German), (kényszeres/patologikus) gyűjtögetés (Hungarian), halmozás (Hungarian), disturbo da accumulo [masculine] (Italian), patološko skupljanje [neuter] (Serbo-Croatian), kompulzivno skupljanje [neuter] (Serbo-Croatian), síndrome de acumulación compulsiva [masculine] (Spanish), síndrome de acaparador compulsivo [masculine] (Spanish) Translations (behavior of people or animals accumulating food or other items): acaparament [masculine] (Catalan), hamsteren (Dutch), keräily (Finnish), hamstraus (Finnish), Hamstern [neuter] (German), Horten [neuter] (German), felhalmozás (Hungarian), 사재기 (sajaegi) (Korean), gomilanje [neuter] (Serbo-Croatian), pravljenje zaliha [neuter] (Serbo-Croatian), skupljanje zaliha [neuter] (Serbo-Croatian), hamstring (Swedish)
    Sense id: en-hoarding-en-noun-xSCM2F~x Categories (other): English terms suffixed with -ing (gerund noun), English terms suffixed with -ing (participial) Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ing (gerund noun): 9 15 33 12 5 27 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ing (participial): 7 12 25 9 4 21 22 Topics: human-sciences, psychology, sciences Disambiguation of 'anxiety disorder': 2 1 97 Disambiguation of 'behavior of people or animals accumulating food or other items': 40 5 55
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: cyberhoarding, digital hoarding, e-hoarding, scatter hoarding
Etymology number: 2

Verb

IPA: /ˈhɔːdɪŋ/
Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)dɪŋ Etymology: From hoard + -ing. Etymology templates: {{suf|en|hoard|-ing|id2=participial}} hoard + -ing Head templates: {{head|en|verb form}} hoarding
  1. present participle and gerund of hoard Tags: form-of, gerund, participle, present Form of: hoard
    Sense id: en-hoarding-en-verb-NSF1Sr0H Categories (other): English terms suffixed with -ing (participial) Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ing (participial): 7 12 25 9 4 21 22
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 3

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for hoarding meaning in English (14.9kB)

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en"
      },
      "expansion": "English",
      "name": "langname"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "shield"
      },
      "expansion": "sense 1",
      "name": "senseno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en"
      },
      "expansion": "English",
      "name": "langname"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fence"
      },
      "expansion": "sense 2",
      "name": "senseno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "hoard",
        "3": "-ing",
        "id2": "gerund noun",
        "t1": "structure"
      },
      "expansion": "hoard (“structure”) + -ing",
      "name": "suf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From hoard (“structure”) + -ing.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "hoardings",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "hoarding (plural hoardings)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Architecture",
          "orig": "en:Architecture",
          "parents": [
            "Applied sciences",
            "Art",
            "Sciences",
            "Culture",
            "All topics",
            "Society",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A roofed wooden shield placed over the battlements of a castle and projecting from them."
      ],
      "id": "en-hoarding-en-noun-en:shield",
      "links": [
        [
          "architecture",
          "architecture"
        ],
        [
          "roofed",
          "roofed"
        ],
        [
          "wooden",
          "wooden"
        ],
        [
          "shield",
          "shield"
        ],
        [
          "battlement",
          "battlement"
        ],
        [
          "castle",
          "castle"
        ],
        [
          "projecting",
          "projecting"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(architecture, historical) A roofed wooden shield placed over the battlements of a castle and projecting from them."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:shield"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "architecture"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "91 5 4",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "roofed wooden shield over the battlements",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "cadafal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 5 4",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "roofed wooden shield over the battlements",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "hourd"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 5 4",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "roofed wooden shield over the battlements",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "andamio"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 5 4",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "roofed wooden shield over the battlements",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Hurde"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 5 4",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "roofed wooden shield over the battlements",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "cadafalso"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "91 5 4",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "roofed wooden shield over the battlements",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "cadalso"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "British English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Hong Kong English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Irish English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Construction",
          "orig": "en:Construction",
          "parents": [
            "Architecture",
            "Engineering",
            "Applied sciences",
            "Art",
            "Technology",
            "Sciences",
            "Culture",
            "All topics",
            "Society",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 15 33 12 5 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ing (gerund noun)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 12 25 9 4 21 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ing (participial)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2014 September 25, Hugo Macdonald, “Could those utopian hoardings for new developments get any more nauseating?”, in The Guardian, →ISSN",
          "text": "A hoarding is a legal requirement for the safety of the public on a building site. There are rules about its height and construction. But of course it is also the perfect opportunity: a blank canvas on which to show a vision of the life soon to be lived behind it.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2015 October 2, Francesca Perry, “What are the most ridiculous property development adverts you've seen?”, in The Guardian, →ISSN",
          "text": "They’re a familiar sight to many: the eye-roll-inducing, over-the-top development hoardings and adverts that celebrate the (inevitably luxury and, to most people, unaffordable) developments soon to be added to the city skyline.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2022 November 16, Paul Bigland, “From rural branches to high-speed arteries”, in RAIL, number 970, page 57",
          "text": "The west side is one massive building site, although it's hard to appreciate what's going on behind all the hoardings.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A temporary fence-like structure built around building work to add security and prevent accidents to the public."
      ],
      "id": "en-hoarding-en-noun-en:fence",
      "links": [
        [
          "construction",
          "construction"
        ],
        [
          "temporary",
          "temporary"
        ],
        [
          "fence",
          "fence"
        ],
        [
          "like",
          "like"
        ],
        [
          "structure",
          "structure"
        ],
        [
          "building",
          "building"
        ],
        [
          "work",
          "work"
        ],
        [
          "security",
          "security"
        ],
        [
          "accident",
          "accident"
        ],
        [
          "public",
          "public"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(construction, UK, Ireland, Hong Kong) A temporary fence-like structure built around building work to add security and prevent accidents to the public."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:fence"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Ireland",
        "UK"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "business",
        "construction",
        "manufacturing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Australian English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "British English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Canadian English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Hong Kong English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Indian English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Irish English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Malaysian English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "New Zealand English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Singapore English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "South African English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 33 42",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 15 33 12 5 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ing (gerund noun)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 12 25 9 4 21 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ing (participial)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2004 June 25, John Hooper, “Uproar in Italy over hoardings in historic vistas”, in The Guardian, →ISSN",
          "text": "But holidaymakers arriving this weekend in Positano, on the Amalfi coast, are more likely to find their gaze captured by a vast Volkswagen Golf. The car, pictured on a giant hoarding, has launched the latest row over intrusive advertising in Italy's historic towns and cities.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A billboard."
      ],
      "id": "en-hoarding-en-noun-~4hy3JUe",
      "links": [
        [
          "billboard",
          "billboard"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chiefly Britain, India, Ireland, Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Canada) A billboard."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Australia",
        "Britain",
        "Canada",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "India",
        "Ireland",
        "Malaysia",
        "New-Zealand",
        "Singapore",
        "South-Africa"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhɔːdɪŋ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)dɪŋ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "hoarding"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "cyberhoarding"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "digital hoarding"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "e-hoarding"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "scatter hoarding"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "hoard",
        "3": "-ing",
        "id2": "gerund noun"
      },
      "expansion": "hoard + -ing",
      "name": "suf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From hoard + -ing.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "hoardings",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "hoarding (countable and uncountable, plural hoardings)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "9 15 33 12 5 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ing (gerund noun)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2021 April 26, Gaby Hinsliff, “Vaccine hoarding is all the more disturbing as a Covid disaster unfolds in India”, in The Guardian, →ISSN",
          "text": "But that doesn’t solve harder questions about the hoarding of vaccines, raw materials and patent rights in the west, or the fact that Covax clearly isn’t working as fast as it should.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The practice of accumulating goods."
      ],
      "id": "en-hoarding-en-noun-V~rVfEMI",
      "links": [
        [
          "practice",
          "practice"
        ],
        [
          "accumulating",
          "accumulating"
        ],
        [
          "goods",
          "goods"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "A good which is hoarded."
      ],
      "id": "en-hoarding-en-noun-dnjLuEUd",
      "links": [
        [
          "hoarded",
          "hoard"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable) A good which is hoarded."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Psychology",
          "orig": "en:Psychology",
          "parents": [
            "Social sciences",
            "Sciences",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 15 33 12 5 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ing (gerund noun)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 12 25 9 4 21 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ing (participial)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2023 July 4, Samira Shackle, “‘You reach a point where you can’t live your life’: what is behind extreme hoarding?”, in The Guardian, →ISSN",
          "text": "Hoarding can be distressing and dangerous. But it’s not just a matter of ‘too much stuff’ – it’s a complex condition that requires careful, targeted help[.]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An anxiety disorder characterized by a compulsive need to accumulate goods and feelings of anxiety or discomfort about discarding such goods."
      ],
      "id": "en-hoarding-en-noun-xSCM2F~x",
      "links": [
        [
          "psychology",
          "psychology"
        ],
        [
          "anxiety disorder",
          "anxiety disorder"
        ],
        [
          "compulsive",
          "compulsive"
        ],
        [
          "goods",
          "goods"
        ],
        [
          "anxiety",
          "anxiety"
        ],
        [
          "discomfort",
          "discomfort"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(psychology) An anxiety disorder characterized by a compulsive need to accumulate goods and feelings of anxiety or discomfort about discarding such goods."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "compulsive hoarding"
        },
        {
          "word": "hoarding disorder"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "psychology",
        "sciences"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "40 5 55",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "behavior of people or animals accumulating food or other items",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "acaparament"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "40 5 55",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "behavior of people or animals accumulating food or other items",
          "word": "hamsteren"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "40 5 55",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "behavior of people or animals accumulating food or other items",
          "word": "keräily"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "40 5 55",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "behavior of people or animals accumulating food or other items",
          "word": "hamstraus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "40 5 55",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "behavior of people or animals accumulating food or other items",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Hamstern"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "40 5 55",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "behavior of people or animals accumulating food or other items",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Horten"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "40 5 55",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "behavior of people or animals accumulating food or other items",
          "word": "felhalmozás"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "40 5 55",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "sajaegi",
          "sense": "behavior of people or animals accumulating food or other items",
          "word": "사재기"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "40 5 55",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "behavior of people or animals accumulating food or other items",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "gomilanje"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "40 5 55",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "behavior of people or animals accumulating food or other items",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "pravljenje zaliha"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "40 5 55",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "behavior of people or animals accumulating food or other items",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "skupljanje zaliha"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "40 5 55",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "behavior of people or animals accumulating food or other items",
          "word": "hamstring"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "anxiety disorder",
          "word": "hoarding"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "anxiety disorder",
          "word": "verzamelstoornis"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "anxiety disorder",
          "word": "keräilypakko"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "anxiety disorder",
          "word": "pakonomainen keräily"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "anxiety disorder",
          "tags": [
            "informal"
          ],
          "word": "hamstraus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "anxiety disorder",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "syllogomanie"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "anxiety disorder",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Messie-Syndrom"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "anxiety disorder",
          "word": "(kényszeres/patologikus) gyűjtögetés"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "anxiety disorder",
          "word": "halmozás"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "anxiety disorder",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "disturbo da accumulo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "anxiety disorder",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "patološko skupljanje"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "anxiety disorder",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "kompulzivno skupljanje"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "anxiety disorder",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "síndrome de acumulación compulsiva"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "anxiety disorder",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "síndrome de acaparador compulsivo"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhɔːdɪŋ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)dɪŋ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "hoarding"
}

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "word": "decluttering"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "hoard",
        "3": "-ing",
        "id2": "participial"
      },
      "expansion": "hoard + -ing",
      "name": "suf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From hoard + -ing.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "hoarding",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "7 12 25 9 4 21 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ing (participial)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "hoard"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "present participle and gerund of hoard"
      ],
      "id": "en-hoarding-en-verb-NSF1Sr0H",
      "links": [
        [
          "hoard",
          "hoard#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "gerund",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhɔːdɪŋ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)dɪŋ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "hoarding"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English non-lemma forms",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms suffixed with -ing (gerund noun)",
    "English terms suffixed with -ing (participial)",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English verb forms",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)dɪŋ",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)dɪŋ/2 syllables"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en"
      },
      "expansion": "English",
      "name": "langname"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "shield"
      },
      "expansion": "sense 1",
      "name": "senseno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en"
      },
      "expansion": "English",
      "name": "langname"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fence"
      },
      "expansion": "sense 2",
      "name": "senseno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "hoard",
        "3": "-ing",
        "id2": "gerund noun",
        "t1": "structure"
      },
      "expansion": "hoard (“structure”) + -ing",
      "name": "suf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From hoard (“structure”) + -ing.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "hoardings",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "hoarding (plural hoardings)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with historical senses",
        "en:Architecture"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A roofed wooden shield placed over the battlements of a castle and projecting from them."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "architecture",
          "architecture"
        ],
        [
          "roofed",
          "roofed"
        ],
        [
          "wooden",
          "wooden"
        ],
        [
          "shield",
          "shield"
        ],
        [
          "battlement",
          "battlement"
        ],
        [
          "castle",
          "castle"
        ],
        [
          "projecting",
          "projecting"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(architecture, historical) A roofed wooden shield placed over the battlements of a castle and projecting from them."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:shield"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "architecture"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "British English",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Hong Kong English",
        "Irish English",
        "en:Construction"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2014 September 25, Hugo Macdonald, “Could those utopian hoardings for new developments get any more nauseating?”, in The Guardian, →ISSN",
          "text": "A hoarding is a legal requirement for the safety of the public on a building site. There are rules about its height and construction. But of course it is also the perfect opportunity: a blank canvas on which to show a vision of the life soon to be lived behind it.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2015 October 2, Francesca Perry, “What are the most ridiculous property development adverts you've seen?”, in The Guardian, →ISSN",
          "text": "They’re a familiar sight to many: the eye-roll-inducing, over-the-top development hoardings and adverts that celebrate the (inevitably luxury and, to most people, unaffordable) developments soon to be added to the city skyline.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2022 November 16, Paul Bigland, “From rural branches to high-speed arteries”, in RAIL, number 970, page 57",
          "text": "The west side is one massive building site, although it's hard to appreciate what's going on behind all the hoardings.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A temporary fence-like structure built around building work to add security and prevent accidents to the public."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "construction",
          "construction"
        ],
        [
          "temporary",
          "temporary"
        ],
        [
          "fence",
          "fence"
        ],
        [
          "like",
          "like"
        ],
        [
          "structure",
          "structure"
        ],
        [
          "building",
          "building"
        ],
        [
          "work",
          "work"
        ],
        [
          "security",
          "security"
        ],
        [
          "accident",
          "accident"
        ],
        [
          "public",
          "public"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(construction, UK, Ireland, Hong Kong) A temporary fence-like structure built around building work to add security and prevent accidents to the public."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:fence"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Ireland",
        "UK"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "business",
        "construction",
        "manufacturing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Australian English",
        "British English",
        "Canadian English",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Hong Kong English",
        "Indian English",
        "Irish English",
        "Malaysian English",
        "New Zealand English",
        "Singapore English",
        "South African English"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2004 June 25, John Hooper, “Uproar in Italy over hoardings in historic vistas”, in The Guardian, →ISSN",
          "text": "But holidaymakers arriving this weekend in Positano, on the Amalfi coast, are more likely to find their gaze captured by a vast Volkswagen Golf. The car, pictured on a giant hoarding, has launched the latest row over intrusive advertising in Italy's historic towns and cities.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A billboard."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "billboard",
          "billboard"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chiefly Britain, India, Ireland, Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Canada) A billboard."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Australia",
        "Britain",
        "Canada",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "India",
        "Ireland",
        "Malaysia",
        "New-Zealand",
        "Singapore",
        "South-Africa"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhɔːdɪŋ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)dɪŋ"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "roofed wooden shield over the battlements",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cadafal"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "roofed wooden shield over the battlements",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "hourd"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "roofed wooden shield over the battlements",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "andamio"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "roofed wooden shield over the battlements",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Hurde"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "roofed wooden shield over the battlements",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cadafalso"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "roofed wooden shield over the battlements",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cadalso"
    }
  ],
  "word": "hoarding"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English lemmas",
    "English non-lemma forms",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms suffixed with -ing (gerund noun)",
    "English terms suffixed with -ing (participial)",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "English verb forms",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)dɪŋ",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)dɪŋ/2 syllables"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "cyberhoarding"
    },
    {
      "word": "digital hoarding"
    },
    {
      "word": "e-hoarding"
    },
    {
      "word": "scatter hoarding"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "hoard",
        "3": "-ing",
        "id2": "gerund noun"
      },
      "expansion": "hoard + -ing",
      "name": "suf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From hoard + -ing.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "hoardings",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "hoarding (countable and uncountable, plural hoardings)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2021 April 26, Gaby Hinsliff, “Vaccine hoarding is all the more disturbing as a Covid disaster unfolds in India”, in The Guardian, →ISSN",
          "text": "But that doesn’t solve harder questions about the hoarding of vaccines, raw materials and patent rights in the west, or the fact that Covax clearly isn’t working as fast as it should.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The practice of accumulating goods."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "practice",
          "practice"
        ],
        [
          "accumulating",
          "accumulating"
        ],
        [
          "goods",
          "goods"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A good which is hoarded."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hoarded",
          "hoard"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable) A good which is hoarded."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Psychology"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2023 July 4, Samira Shackle, “‘You reach a point where you can’t live your life’: what is behind extreme hoarding?”, in The Guardian, →ISSN",
          "text": "Hoarding can be distressing and dangerous. But it’s not just a matter of ‘too much stuff’ – it’s a complex condition that requires careful, targeted help[.]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An anxiety disorder characterized by a compulsive need to accumulate goods and feelings of anxiety or discomfort about discarding such goods."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "psychology",
          "psychology"
        ],
        [
          "anxiety disorder",
          "anxiety disorder"
        ],
        [
          "compulsive",
          "compulsive"
        ],
        [
          "goods",
          "goods"
        ],
        [
          "anxiety",
          "anxiety"
        ],
        [
          "discomfort",
          "discomfort"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(psychology) An anxiety disorder characterized by a compulsive need to accumulate goods and feelings of anxiety or discomfort about discarding such goods."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "compulsive hoarding"
        },
        {
          "word": "hoarding disorder"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "psychology",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhɔːdɪŋ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)dɪŋ"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "behavior of people or animals accumulating food or other items",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "acaparament"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "behavior of people or animals accumulating food or other items",
      "word": "hamsteren"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "behavior of people or animals accumulating food or other items",
      "word": "keräily"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "behavior of people or animals accumulating food or other items",
      "word": "hamstraus"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "behavior of people or animals accumulating food or other items",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Hamstern"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "behavior of people or animals accumulating food or other items",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Horten"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "behavior of people or animals accumulating food or other items",
      "word": "felhalmozás"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "sajaegi",
      "sense": "behavior of people or animals accumulating food or other items",
      "word": "사재기"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "behavior of people or animals accumulating food or other items",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "gomilanje"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "behavior of people or animals accumulating food or other items",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "pravljenje zaliha"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "behavior of people or animals accumulating food or other items",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "skupljanje zaliha"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "behavior of people or animals accumulating food or other items",
      "word": "hamstring"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "anxiety disorder",
      "word": "hoarding"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "anxiety disorder",
      "word": "verzamelstoornis"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "anxiety disorder",
      "word": "keräilypakko"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "anxiety disorder",
      "word": "pakonomainen keräily"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "anxiety disorder",
      "tags": [
        "informal"
      ],
      "word": "hamstraus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "anxiety disorder",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "syllogomanie"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "anxiety disorder",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Messie-Syndrom"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "anxiety disorder",
      "word": "(kényszeres/patologikus) gyűjtögetés"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "anxiety disorder",
      "word": "halmozás"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "anxiety disorder",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "disturbo da accumulo"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "anxiety disorder",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "patološko skupljanje"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "anxiety disorder",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "kompulzivno skupljanje"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "anxiety disorder",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "síndrome de acumulación compulsiva"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "anxiety disorder",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "síndrome de acaparador compulsivo"
    }
  ],
  "word": "hoarding"
}

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "word": "decluttering"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English non-lemma forms",
    "English terms suffixed with -ing (participial)",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English verb forms",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)dɪŋ",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)dɪŋ/2 syllables"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "hoard",
        "3": "-ing",
        "id2": "participial"
      },
      "expansion": "hoard + -ing",
      "name": "suf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From hoard + -ing.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "hoarding",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "hoard"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "present participle and gerund of hoard"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hoard",
          "hoard#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "gerund",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhɔːdɪŋ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)dɪŋ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "hoarding"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-01 using wiktextract (0b52755 and 5cb0836). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.