See hetman in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for hetman meaning in English (8.4kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pl",
"3": "hetman"
},
"expansion": "Polish hetman",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "houbetman",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle High German houbetman",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "heuptman",
"3": "",
"4": "commander"
},
"expansion": "heuptman (“commander”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "houbet",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "houbet",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "heupt",
"3": "",
"4": "head"
},
"expansion": "heupt (“head”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "caput",
"3": "",
"4": "head"
},
"expansion": "caput (“head”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "man",
"4": "",
"5": "man"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German man (“man”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Hauptmann",
"3": "",
"4": "captain"
},
"expansion": "Hauptmann (“captain”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Haupt",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Haupt",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Mann",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Mann",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "",
"3": "hetman"
},
"expansion": "hetman",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Polish hetman, probably from Middle High German houbetman, heuptman (“commander”), from houbet, heupt (“head”), related to Latin caput (“head”), + Middle High German man (“man”). Compare modern German Hauptmann (“captain”), Haupt, Mann. The Polish e in hetman attests to a borrowing from an East Central German dialect, in which Middle High German -öu- gives -ē-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hetmans",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hetmen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "hetmen"
},
"expansion": "hetman (plural hetmans or hetmen)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ataman"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hegumen"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "History",
"orig": "en:History",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "74 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "71 29",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Leaders",
"orig": "en:Leaders",
"parents": [
"People",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Ukraine",
"orig": "en:Ukraine",
"parents": [
"Europe",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A Cossack headman or general."
],
"id": "en-hetman-en-noun-twa-9CeV",
"links": [
[
"history",
"history"
],
[
"Cossack",
"Cossack"
],
[
"headman",
"headman"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(history) A Cossack headman or general."
],
"topics": [
"history",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 98",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Lithuania",
"orig": "en:Lithuania",
"parents": [
"Europe",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 98",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Poland",
"orig": "en:Poland",
"parents": [
"Europe",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Title used by the second-highest military commander in Poland and Lithuania (15th to 18th century)."
],
"id": "en-hetman-en-noun-Qysbf2qP",
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "36 64",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "hjétman",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ге́тман"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 64",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "hétman",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "хе́тман"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 64",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"word": "蓋特曼"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 64",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gàitèmàn",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"word": "盖特曼"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 64",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hejtman"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 64",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "hetman"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 64",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"word": "hetmani"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 64",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "heṭmani",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"word": "ჰეტმანი"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 64",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Hetman"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 64",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "chetmános",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "χετμάνος"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 64",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"word": "hetman"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 64",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "etmano"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 64",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hetoman",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"word": "ヘトマン"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 64",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "heteuman",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"word": "헤트만"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 64",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "etmonas"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 64",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "hétman",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "хе́тман"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 64",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hetman"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 64",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hétmã"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 64",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hétmane"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 64",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hatman"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 64",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gétman",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ге́тман"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 64",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "хетман"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 64",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "hetman"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 64",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hetman"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 64",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "hetman"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 64",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hétʹman",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ге́тьман"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 64",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"word": "getman"
}
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"hetman"
],
"word": "hetman"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms derived from Middle High German",
"English terms derived from Polish",
"en:Leaders",
"en:Lithuania",
"en:Poland",
"en:Ukraine"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pl",
"3": "hetman"
},
"expansion": "Polish hetman",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "houbetman",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle High German houbetman",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "heuptman",
"3": "",
"4": "commander"
},
"expansion": "heuptman (“commander”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "houbet",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "houbet",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "heupt",
"3": "",
"4": "head"
},
"expansion": "heupt (“head”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "caput",
"3": "",
"4": "head"
},
"expansion": "caput (“head”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "man",
"4": "",
"5": "man"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German man (“man”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Hauptmann",
"3": "",
"4": "captain"
},
"expansion": "Hauptmann (“captain”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Haupt",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Haupt",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Mann",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Mann",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "",
"3": "hetman"
},
"expansion": "hetman",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Polish hetman, probably from Middle High German houbetman, heuptman (“commander”), from houbet, heupt (“head”), related to Latin caput (“head”), + Middle High German man (“man”). Compare modern German Hauptmann (“captain”), Haupt, Mann. The Polish e in hetman attests to a borrowing from an East Central German dialect, in which Middle High German -öu- gives -ē-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hetmans",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hetmen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "hetmen"
},
"expansion": "hetman (plural hetmans or hetmen)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "ataman"
},
{
"word": "hegumen"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:History"
],
"glosses": [
"A Cossack headman or general."
],
"links": [
[
"history",
"history"
],
[
"Cossack",
"Cossack"
],
[
"headman",
"headman"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(history) A Cossack headman or general."
],
"topics": [
"history",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Title used by the second-highest military commander in Poland and Lithuania (15th to 18th century)."
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "hjétman",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ге́тман"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "hétman",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "хе́тман"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"word": "蓋特曼"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gàitèmàn",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"word": "盖特曼"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hejtman"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "hetman"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"word": "hetmani"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "heṭmani",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"word": "ჰეტმანი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Hetman"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "chetmános",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "χετμάνος"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"word": "hetman"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "etmano"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hetoman",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"word": "ヘトマン"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "heteuman",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"word": "헤트만"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "etmonas"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "hétman",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "хе́тман"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hetman"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hétmã"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hétmane"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hatman"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gétman",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ге́тман"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "хетман"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "hetman"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hetman"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "hetman"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hétʹman",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ге́тьман"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries",
"word": "getman"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"hetman"
],
"word": "hetman"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.