"grindstone" meaning in English

See grindstone in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈɡɹaɪn(d)ˌstəʊn/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˈɡɹaɪn(d)ˌstoʊn/ [General-American], /ˈɡɹɪnˌstoʊn/ [obsolete] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-grindstone.wav Forms: grindstones [plural]
Rhymes: -aɪndstəʊn Etymology: From Middle English grind-ston, grindistan, (also as grindel-ston), equivalent to grind + stone. Cognate with Scots grindstane. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|grind-ston}} Middle English grind-ston, {{compound|en|grind|stone}} grind + stone, {{cog|sco|grindstane}} Scots grindstane Head templates: {{en-noun}} grindstone (plural grindstones)
  1. An abrasive wheel for sharpening, polishing or grinding. Synonyms: millstone Translations (wheel for grinding): qostër [feminine] (Albanian), مِجْلَخَة (mijlaḵa) [feminine] (Arabic), جَلَّاخَة (jallāḵa) [feminine] (Arabic), مِسَنّ (misann) [masculine] (Arabic), точило (točilo) [neuter] (Bulgarian), точилен камък (točilen kamǎk) [masculine] (Bulgarian), mola [feminine] (Catalan), 磨石 (móshí) (Chinese Mandarin), 磨子 (mòzi) (Chinese Mandarin), (mò) (Chinese Mandarin), 磨刀石 (módāoshí) (Chinese Mandarin), 石磨 (shímò) (Chinese Mandarin), brusný kámen [masculine] (Czech), slijpsteen [masculine] (Dutch), b-n:nw-w*t-O39:Z2 (bnwt) [feminine] (Egyptian), tahko (Finnish), meule [feminine] (French), moa [feminine] (Galician), Schleifstein [masculine] (German), אֶבֶן מַשְׁחֶזֶת (éven mašḵézeṯ) (Hebrew), शाण (śāṇ) [masculine] (Hindi), köszörűkő (Hungarian), tahko (Ingrian), pöörä (Ingrian), mola [feminine] (Italian), 砥石 (toishi) (alt: といし) (Japanese), 磨石 (togiishi) (alt: とぎいし) (Japanese), 숫돌 (sutdol) (Korean), mola [feminine] (Latin), brus [masculine] (Lower Sorbian), точило (točilo) [neuter] (Macedonian), брус (brus) [masculine] (Macedonian), hōanga (Maori), grind-ston (Middle English), grindistan (Middle English), grindel-ston (Middle English), slipestein [masculine] (Norwegian), كوستره (küstere) (Ottoman Turkish), كستره (küstere) (Ottoman Turkish), Schliepsteen (nds) [masculine] (Plautdietsch), rebolo [masculine] (Portuguese), [feminine] (Portuguese), точи́льный ка́мень (točílʹnyj kámenʹ) [masculine] (Russian), точи́ло (točílo) [neuter] (Russian), брус (brus) [masculine] (Russian), осело́к (oselók) [masculine] (Russian), शाण (śāṇa) [masculine] (Sanskrit), शाणा (śāṇā) [feminine] (Sanskrit), жрвањ [Cyrillic, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), брус [Cyrillic, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), точило [Cyrillic, neuter] (Serbo-Croatian), žrvanj [Roman, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), brus [Roman, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), točilo [Roman, neuter] (Serbo-Croatian), muela [feminine] (Spanish), afiladora [feminine] (Spanish), esmoladera [feminine] (Spanish), slipsten [common-gender] (Swedish), kamanga (Tagalog), రుబ్బురాయి (rubburāyi) (Telugu), nyonyifi (Ternate), nyonyifi (Tidore), küstere (Turkish), köstere (Turkish), đá mài (Vietnamese)
    Sense id: en-grindstone-en-noun-PyhXFiUj Disambiguation of 'wheel for grinding': 86 14
  2. Synonym of starry flounder Categories (topical): Tools Synonyms: starry flounder [synonym, synonym-of]
    Sense id: en-grindstone-en-noun-QjztOzSc Disambiguation of Tools: 41 59 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Terms with Albanian translations, Terms with Arabic translations, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Catalan translations, Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Egyptian translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with Galician translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Hebrew translations, Terms with Hindi translations, Terms with Hungarian translations, Terms with Ingrian translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Japanese translations, Terms with Korean translations, Terms with Latin translations, Terms with Lower Sorbian translations, Terms with Macedonian translations, Terms with Mandarin translations, Terms with Maori translations, Terms with Middle English translations, Terms with Norwegian translations, Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations, Terms with Plautdietsch translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Sanskrit translations, Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Swedish translations, Terms with Tagalog translations, Terms with Telugu translations, Terms with Ternate translations, Terms with Tidore translations, Terms with Turkish translations, Terms with Vietnamese translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 6 94 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 8 92 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 6 94 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 3 97 Disambiguation of Terms with Albanian translations: 12 88 Disambiguation of Terms with Arabic translations: 15 85 Disambiguation of Terms with Bulgarian translations: 16 84 Disambiguation of Terms with Catalan translations: 12 88 Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 14 86 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 11 89 Disambiguation of Terms with Egyptian translations: 15 85 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 12 88 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 12 88 Disambiguation of Terms with Galician translations: 12 88 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 10 90 Disambiguation of Terms with Hebrew translations: 15 85 Disambiguation of Terms with Hindi translations: 10 90 Disambiguation of Terms with Hungarian translations: 15 85 Disambiguation of Terms with Ingrian translations: 8 92 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 7 93 Disambiguation of Terms with Japanese translations: 7 93 Disambiguation of Terms with Korean translations: 12 88 Disambiguation of Terms with Latin translations: 7 93 Disambiguation of Terms with Lower Sorbian translations: 6 94 Disambiguation of Terms with Macedonian translations: 12 88 Disambiguation of Terms with Mandarin translations: 16 84 Disambiguation of Terms with Maori translations: 12 88 Disambiguation of Terms with Middle English translations: 8 92 Disambiguation of Terms with Norwegian translations: 12 88 Disambiguation of Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations: 28 72 Disambiguation of Terms with Plautdietsch translations: 3 97 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 11 89 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 7 93 Disambiguation of Terms with Sanskrit translations: 9 91 Disambiguation of Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations: 12 88 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 7 93 Disambiguation of Terms with Swedish translations: 12 88 Disambiguation of Terms with Tagalog translations: 12 88 Disambiguation of Terms with Telugu translations: 14 86 Disambiguation of Terms with Ternate translations: 10 90 Disambiguation of Terms with Tidore translations: 7 93 Disambiguation of Terms with Turkish translations: 12 88 Disambiguation of Terms with Vietnamese translations: 12 88
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: nose to the grindstone Related terms: millstone

Inflected forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "nose to the grindstone"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "grind-ston"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English grind-ston",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grind",
        "3": "stone"
      },
      "expansion": "grind + stone",
      "name": "compound"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "grindstane"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots grindstane",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English grind-ston, grindistan, (also as grindel-ston), equivalent to grind + stone. Cognate with Scots grindstane.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "grindstones",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "grindstone (plural grindstones)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "millstone"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "An abrasive wheel for sharpening, polishing or grinding."
      ],
      "id": "en-grindstone-en-noun-PyhXFiUj",
      "links": [
        [
          "abrasive",
          "abrasive"
        ],
        [
          "wheel",
          "wheel"
        ],
        [
          "sharpening",
          "sharpening"
        ],
        [
          "polishing",
          "polishing"
        ],
        [
          "grinding",
          "grinding"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "millstone"
        }
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "sq",
          "lang": "Albanian",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "qostër"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "mijlaḵa",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "مِجْلَخَة"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "jallāḵa",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "جَلَّاخَة"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "misann",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "مِسَنّ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "točilo",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "точило"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "točilen kamǎk",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "точилен камък"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "mola"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "móshí",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "word": "磨石"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "mòzi",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "word": "磨子"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "mò",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "word": "磨"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "módāoshí",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "word": "磨刀石"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "shímò",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "word": "石磨"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "brusný kámen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "slijpsteen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "egy",
          "lang": "Egyptian",
          "roman": "bnwt",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "b-n:nw-w*t-O39:Z2"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "word": "tahko"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "meule"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "moa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Schleifstein"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "éven mašḵézeṯ",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "word": "אֶבֶן מַשְׁחֶזֶת"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "śāṇ",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "शाण"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "word": "köszörűkő"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "izh",
          "lang": "Ingrian",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "word": "tahko"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "izh",
          "lang": "Ingrian",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "word": "pöörä"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "mola"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "alt": "といし",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "toishi",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "word": "砥石"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "alt": "とぎいし",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "togiishi",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "word": "磨石"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "sutdol",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "word": "숫돌"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "mola"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "točilo",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "точило"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "brus",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "брус"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "word": "hōanga"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "enm",
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "word": "grind-ston"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "enm",
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "word": "grindistan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "enm",
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "word": "grindel-ston"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "slipestein"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "pdt",
          "lang": "Plautdietsch",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Schliepsteen (nds)"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "rebolo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "mó"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "točílʹnyj kámenʹ",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "точи́льный ка́мень"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "točílo",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "точи́ло"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "brus",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "брус"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "oselók",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "осело́к"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "sa",
          "lang": "Sanskrit",
          "roman": "śāṇa",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "शाण"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "sa",
          "lang": "Sanskrit",
          "roman": "śāṇā",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "शाणा"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "жрвањ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "брус"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic",
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "точило"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "tags": [
            "Roman",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "žrvanj"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "tags": [
            "Roman",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "brus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "tags": [
            "Roman",
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "točilo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "dsb",
          "lang": "Lower Sorbian",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "brus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "muela"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "afiladora"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "esmoladera"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "slipsten"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "word": "kamanga"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "te",
          "lang": "Telugu",
          "roman": "rubburāyi",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "word": "రుబ్బురాయి"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "tft",
          "lang": "Ternate",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "word": "nyonyifi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "tvo",
          "lang": "Tidore",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "word": "nyonyifi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "raw_tags": [
            "Modern Turkish"
          ],
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "word": "küstere"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "raw_tags": [
            "Modern Turkish"
          ],
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "word": "köstere"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "ota",
          "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
          "roman": "küstere",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "word": "كوستره"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "ota",
          "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
          "roman": "küstere",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "word": "كستره"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 14",
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "wheel for grinding",
          "word": "đá mài"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "6 94",
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          "_dis": "41 59",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Tools",
          "orig": "en:Tools",
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            "Technology",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
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      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Synonym of starry flounder"
      ],
      "id": "en-grindstone-en-noun-QjztOzSc",
      "links": [
        [
          "starry flounder",
          "starry flounder#English"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "synonym",
            "synonym-of"
          ],
          "word": "starry flounder"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡɹaɪn(d)ˌstəʊn/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡɹaɪn(d)ˌstoʊn/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡɹɪnˌstoʊn/",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-grindstone.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-grindstone.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-grindstone.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-grindstone.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-grindstone.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪndstəʊn"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Grindstone (tool)"
  ],
  "word": "grindstone"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English compound terms",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪndstəʊn",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪndstəʊn/2 syllables",
    "Terms with Albanian translations",
    "Terms with Arabic translations",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Catalan translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Egyptian translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with Galician translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Hebrew translations",
    "Terms with Hindi translations",
    "Terms with Hungarian translations",
    "Terms with Ingrian translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Japanese translations",
    "Terms with Korean translations",
    "Terms with Latin translations",
    "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
    "Terms with Macedonian translations",
    "Terms with Mandarin translations",
    "Terms with Maori translations",
    "Terms with Middle English translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian translations",
    "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
    "Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Sanskrit translations",
    "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "Terms with Tagalog translations",
    "Terms with Telugu translations",
    "Terms with Ternate translations",
    "Terms with Tidore translations",
    "Terms with Turkish translations",
    "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
    "en:Tools"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "nose to the grindstone"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "grind-ston"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English grind-ston",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grind",
        "3": "stone"
      },
      "expansion": "grind + stone",
      "name": "compound"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "grindstane"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots grindstane",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English grind-ston, grindistan, (also as grindel-ston), equivalent to grind + stone. Cognate with Scots grindstane.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "grindstones",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "grindstone (plural grindstones)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "millstone"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "An abrasive wheel for sharpening, polishing or grinding."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "abrasive",
          "abrasive"
        ],
        [
          "wheel",
          "wheel"
        ],
        [
          "sharpening",
          "sharpening"
        ],
        [
          "polishing",
          "polishing"
        ],
        [
          "grinding",
          "grinding"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "millstone"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Synonym of starry flounder"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "starry flounder",
          "starry flounder#English"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "synonym",
            "synonym-of"
          ],
          "word": "starry flounder"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡɹaɪn(d)ˌstəʊn/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡɹaɪn(d)ˌstoʊn/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡɹɪnˌstoʊn/",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-grindstone.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-grindstone.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-grindstone.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-grindstone.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-grindstone.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪndstəʊn"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "sq",
      "lang": "Albanian",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "qostër"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "mijlaḵa",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "مِجْلَخَة"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "jallāḵa",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "جَلَّاخَة"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "misann",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "مِسَنّ"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "točilo",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "точило"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "točilen kamǎk",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "точилен камък"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "mola"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "móshí",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "word": "磨石"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "mòzi",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "word": "磨子"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "mò",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "word": "磨"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "módāoshí",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "word": "磨刀石"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "shímò",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "word": "石磨"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "brusný kámen"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "slijpsteen"
    },
    {
      "code": "egy",
      "lang": "Egyptian",
      "roman": "bnwt",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "b-n:nw-w*t-O39:Z2"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "word": "tahko"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "meule"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "moa"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Schleifstein"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "éven mašḵézeṯ",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "word": "אֶבֶן מַשְׁחֶזֶת"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "śāṇ",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "शाण"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "word": "köszörűkő"
    },
    {
      "code": "izh",
      "lang": "Ingrian",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "word": "tahko"
    },
    {
      "code": "izh",
      "lang": "Ingrian",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "word": "pöörä"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "mola"
    },
    {
      "alt": "といし",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "toishi",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "word": "砥石"
    },
    {
      "alt": "とぎいし",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "togiishi",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "word": "磨石"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "sutdol",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "word": "숫돌"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "mola"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "točilo",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "точило"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "brus",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "брус"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "word": "hōanga"
    },
    {
      "code": "enm",
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "word": "grind-ston"
    },
    {
      "code": "enm",
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "word": "grindistan"
    },
    {
      "code": "enm",
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "word": "grindel-ston"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "slipestein"
    },
    {
      "code": "pdt",
      "lang": "Plautdietsch",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Schliepsteen (nds)"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "rebolo"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "mó"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "točílʹnyj kámenʹ",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "точи́льный ка́мень"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "točílo",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "точи́ло"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "brus",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "брус"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "oselók",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "осело́к"
    },
    {
      "code": "sa",
      "lang": "Sanskrit",
      "roman": "śāṇa",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "शाण"
    },
    {
      "code": "sa",
      "lang": "Sanskrit",
      "roman": "śāṇā",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "शाणा"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "жрвањ"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "брус"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "точило"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "žrvanj"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "brus"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "točilo"
    },
    {
      "code": "dsb",
      "lang": "Lower Sorbian",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "brus"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "muela"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "afiladora"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "esmoladera"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "slipsten"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "word": "kamanga"
    },
    {
      "code": "te",
      "lang": "Telugu",
      "roman": "rubburāyi",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "word": "రుబ్బురాయి"
    },
    {
      "code": "tft",
      "lang": "Ternate",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "word": "nyonyifi"
    },
    {
      "code": "tvo",
      "lang": "Tidore",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "word": "nyonyifi"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Modern Turkish"
      ],
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "word": "küstere"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Modern Turkish"
      ],
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "word": "köstere"
    },
    {
      "code": "ota",
      "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
      "roman": "küstere",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "word": "كوستره"
    },
    {
      "code": "ota",
      "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
      "roman": "küstere",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "word": "كستره"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "wheel for grinding",
      "word": "đá mài"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Grindstone (tool)"
  ],
  "word": "grindstone"
}

Download raw JSONL data for grindstone meaning in English (11.0kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.