See gluten in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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"ref": "1665, Robert Hooke, Micrographia, XXXVII:",
"text": "[T]he Fly suspends it self very firmly and easily, without the access or need of any such Sponges fill'd with an imaginary gluten, as many have, for want of good Glasses, perhaps, or a troublesome and diligent examination, suppos'd.",
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{
"ref": "1990, Camille Paglia, Sexual Personae:",
"text": "The tyrant machine is the female body, grinding and milling the pulp of matter, the gluten of human flesh.",
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"ref": "2004, Harold McGee, chapter 10, in On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen, Scribner, →ISBN:",
"text": "Chew on a small piece of dough, and it becomes more compact but persists as a gum-like, elastic mass, the residue that the Chinese named “the muscle of flour” and that we call gluten. It consists mainly of protein, and includes what may well be the largest protein molecules to be found in the natural world.",
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"text": "Unfortunately, wholemeal bread is, according to many experts, a tricky thing to get right, as the lower gluten content of the flour makes for dense results […]",
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"translations": [
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{
"_dis1": "4 5 89 3",
"code": "cmn",
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"sense": "cereal protein",
"word": "麵筋 /面筋"
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{
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{
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"tags": [
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"word": "gluten"
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"word": "גלוטן"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 5 89 3",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "kleyshtof",
"sense": "cereal protein",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "קליישטאָף"
}
],
"wikidata": [
"Q188251"
]
},
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{
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{
"_dis": "8 36 26 30",
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{
"_dis": "7 40 19 35",
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{
"_dis": "9 34 25 32",
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{
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{
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"_dis": "7 39 20 33",
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1988, James McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, Oxford, published 2004, page 669:",
"text": "Despite constant rain that turned roads to gluten, the Yankees kept moving.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A gluey, sticky mass of clay, bitumen etc."
],
"id": "en-gluten-en-noun-thFvFTBc",
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"gluey",
"gluey"
],
[
"sticky",
"sticky"
],
[
"clay",
"clay"
],
[
"bitumen",
"bitumen"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) A gluey, sticky mass of clay, bitumen etc."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡluːtən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡluːtn̩/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-gluten.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5e/En-us-gluten.ogg/En-us-gluten.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/En-us-gluten.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːtən"
}
],
"word": "gluten"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/uːtən",
"Rhymes:English/uːtən/2 syllables",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Corsican translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
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"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "glutelin"
},
{
"word": "gluten bread"
},
{
"word": "gluten casein"
},
{
"word": "gluten fibrin"
},
{
"word": "gluten-free"
},
{
"word": "glutenin"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "gluten"
},
"expansion": "Middle French gluten",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "glūten",
"4": "",
"5": "glue"
},
"expansion": "Latin glūten (“glue”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French gluten, borrowed from Latin glūten (“glue”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "glutens",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "gluten (countable and uncountable, plural glutens)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "gluta-"
},
{
"word": "glutamic"
},
{
"word": "glutinaceous"
},
{
"word": "glutinous"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1621, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “Division of the Body. Humors, Spirits.”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy, […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and Iames Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 1, section 1, member 2, subsection 2, page 20:",
"text": "The Radicall or innate, is dayly ſupplied by nouriſhment, which ſome call Cambium, and make thoſe ſecundary Humors of Ros and Gluten to maintaine it: […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Fibrin (formerly considered as one of the \"animal humours\")."
],
"links": [
[
"Fibrin",
"fibrin"
],
[
"humours",
"humours"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Fibrin (formerly considered as one of the \"animal humours\")."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with rare senses",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1665, Robert Hooke, Micrographia, XXXVII:",
"text": "[T]he Fly suspends it self very firmly and easily, without the access or need of any such Sponges fill'd with an imaginary gluten, as many have, for want of good Glasses, perhaps, or a troublesome and diligent examination, suppos'd.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1990, Camille Paglia, Sexual Personae:",
"text": "The tyrant machine is the female body, grinding and milling the pulp of matter, the gluten of human flesh.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any gluey, sticky substance."
],
"links": [
[
"gluey",
"gluey"
],
[
"sticky",
"sticky"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Any gluey, sticky substance."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"rare",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Biochemistry",
"en:Cooking"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2004, Harold McGee, chapter 10, in On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen, Scribner, →ISBN:",
"text": "Chew on a small piece of dough, and it becomes more compact but persists as a gum-like, elastic mass, the residue that the Chinese named “the muscle of flour” and that we call gluten. It consists mainly of protein, and includes what may well be the largest protein molecules to be found in the natural world.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2010 June 10, Felicity Cloake, Word of Mouth Blog, The Guardian:",
"text": "Unfortunately, wholemeal bread is, according to many experts, a tricky thing to get right, as the lower gluten content of the flour makes for dense results […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The major protein in cereal grains, especially wheat; responsible for the elasticity in dough and the structure in baked bread."
],
"links": [
[
"cooking",
"cooking#Noun"
],
[
"biochemistry",
"biochemistry"
],
[
"protein",
"protein"
],
[
"cereal",
"cereal"
],
[
"grain",
"grain"
],
[
"wheat",
"wheat"
],
[
"elasticity",
"elasticity"
],
[
"dough",
"dough"
],
[
"structure",
"structure"
],
[
"baked",
"baked"
],
[
"bread",
"bread"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(cooking, biochemistry) The major protein in cereal grains, especially wheat; responsible for the elasticity in dough and the structure in baked bread."
],
"senseid": [
"en:Q188251"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"biochemistry",
"biology",
"chemistry",
"cooking",
"food",
"lifestyle",
"microbiology",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
],
"wikidata": [
"Q188251"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Geology"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1988, James McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, Oxford, published 2004, page 669:",
"text": "Despite constant rain that turned roads to gluten, the Yankees kept moving.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A gluey, sticky mass of clay, bitumen etc."
],
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"gluey",
"gluey"
],
[
"sticky",
"sticky"
],
[
"clay",
"clay"
],
[
"bitumen",
"bitumen"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) A gluey, sticky mass of clay, bitumen etc."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡluːtən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡluːtn̩/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-gluten.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5e/En-us-gluten.ogg/En-us-gluten.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/En-us-gluten.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːtən"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḡlūtīn",
"sense": "cereal protein",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "غْلُوتِين"
},
{
"code": "acw",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "glūtin",
"sense": "cereal protein",
"tags": [
"Hijazi-Arabic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "قلوتن"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "cereal protein",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gluten"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "miànjīn",
"sense": "cereal protein",
"word": "麵筋 /面筋"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fūzhì",
"sense": "cereal protein",
"word": "麩質 /麸质"
},
{
"code": "co",
"lang": "Corsican",
"sense": "cereal protein",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "glutinu"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "cereal protein",
"word": "lepek"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "cereal protein",
"word": "gluten"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "cereal protein",
"word": "gluteno"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "cereal protein",
"word": "gluteeni"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "cereal protein",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gluten"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "cereal protein",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Gluten"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "glouténi",
"sense": "cereal protein",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "γλουτένη"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "gluten",
"sense": "cereal protein",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "גְלוּטֵן"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "cereal protein",
"word": "sikér"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "cereal protein",
"word": "glutén"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "cereal protein",
"word": "gluteno"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "cereal protein",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "glutine"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "guruten",
"sense": "cereal protein",
"word": "グルテン"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "geulluten",
"sense": "cereal protein",
"word": "글루텐"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "cereal protein",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lipeklis"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "cereal protein",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "glutēns"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "glutén",
"sense": "cereal protein",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "глуте́н"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "cereal protein",
"word": "kurutene"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "cereal protein",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gluten"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "cereal protein",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gluten"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "cereal protein",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "glúten"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gljutɛ́n",
"sense": "cereal protein",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "глюте́н"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "klejkovína",
"sense": "cereal protein",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "клейкови́на"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "cereal protein",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gluten"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "cereal protein",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gluten"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "cereal protein",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gluten"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "gluten",
"sense": "cereal protein",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "גלוטען"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "glutn",
"sense": "cereal protein",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "גלוטן"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "kleyshtof",
"sense": "cereal protein",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "קליישטאָף"
}
],
"word": "gluten"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gluten meaning in English (10.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (7c21d10 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.