See giaour in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for giaour meaning in English (8.5kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ota",
"3": "كاور",
"tr": "gâvur"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish كاور (gâvur)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fa",
"3": "گاور",
"tr": "gâvor"
},
"expansion": "Persian گاور (gâvor)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "گبر",
"t": "infidel",
"tr": "gabr"
},
"expansion": "گبر (gabr, “infidel”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Gheber",
"3": "Gueber"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of Gheber and Gueber",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ottoman Turkish كاور (gâvur), from Persian گاور (gâvor), a variant of گبر (gabr, “infidel”); see there for more. Doublet of Gheber and Gueber.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "giaours",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "giaour (plural giaours)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English religious slurs",
"parents": [
"Religious slurs",
"Offensive terms",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kazakh terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kyrgyz terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Urdu terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1963, Thomas Pynchon, V.",
"text": "We men are not a race of freebooters or giaours; not when our argosies are prey and food to the evil fish-of-metal whose lair is a German U-boat.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2001, Orhan Pamuk, translated by Erdağ M. Göknar, My Name Is Red",
"text": "I shudder in delight when I think of two-hundred-year-old books, dating back to the time of Tamerlane, volumes for which acquisitive giaours gleefully relinquish gold pieces and which they carry all the way back to their own countries[…].",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2004, Ebenezer Cobham Brewer, “The Giaour”, in Character Sketches Of Romance, Fiction And The Drama, volume 2, page 85",
"text": "Byron’s tale called The Giaour is supposed to be told by a Turkish fisherman who had been employed all the day in the gulf of Ægi’na, and landed his boat at night-fall on the Piræus, now called the harbor of Port Leonê.[…]The tale is this: Leilah, the beautiful concubine of the Caliph Hasson, falls in love with a giaour, flees from the seraglio, is overtaken by an emir, put to death, and cast into the sea. The giaour cleaves Hassan’s skull, flees for his life, and becomes a monk.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A non-Muslim, especially a Christian, an infidel; especially as used by Turkish people with particular reference to Christians such as Greeks, Armenians, Bulgarians, Serbs and Assyrians."
],
"id": "en-giaour-en-noun-FyQ--Y5-",
"links": [
[
"religious",
"religious"
],
[
"slur",
"slur"
],
[
"Muslim",
"Muslim"
],
[
"Christian",
"Christian"
],
[
"infidel",
"infidel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(religious slur) A non-Muslim, especially a Christian, an infidel; especially as used by Turkish people with particular reference to Christians such as Greeks, Armenians, Bulgarians, Serbs and Assyrians."
],
"tags": [
"slur"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "qafir"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "kāfir",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "كَافِر"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "gyavur",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "գյավուր"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "gavur"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "kafir"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "gjaúr",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гяу́р"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "džaur"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ďaur"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "urǯulo",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "ურჯულო"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "urc̣muno",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "ურწმუნო"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "giauri",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "გიაური"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "gkiaoúris",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "γκιαούρης"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kāfir",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "काफ़िर"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "gyaur"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "kafir"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "giaurro"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "käpır",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "кәпір"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "kaapır",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "каапыр"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "ǵaur",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ѓаур"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kaurin",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "каурин"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "kafir"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "kâfer",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "کافر"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "gabr",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "گبر"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "gâvor",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "گاور"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "giaur"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "giaour"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gjaúr",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гяу́р"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "káfír",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ка́фи́р"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kjáfír",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кя́фи́р"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ђаур"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ђаурин"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "каур"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "каурин"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "đaur"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "đaurin"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kaur"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kaurin"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "kofir",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "кофир"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "gabr",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "габр"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "gâvur"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "kâfir"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "kapyr"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hjaúr",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гяу́р"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "kāfir",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "کافر"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "kapir",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "كاپىر"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "kofir"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "gʻayridin"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈd͡ʒaʊə/"
}
],
"word": "giaour"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ota",
"3": "كاور",
"tr": "gâvur"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish كاور (gâvur)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fa",
"3": "گاور",
"tr": "gâvor"
},
"expansion": "Persian گاور (gâvor)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "گبر",
"t": "infidel",
"tr": "gabr"
},
"expansion": "گبر (gabr, “infidel”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Gheber",
"3": "Gueber"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of Gheber and Gueber",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ottoman Turkish كاور (gâvur), from Persian گاور (gâvor), a variant of گبر (gabr, “infidel”); see there for more. Doublet of Gheber and Gueber.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "giaours",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "giaour (plural giaours)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Bulgarian terms with redundant script codes",
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English religious slurs",
"English terms borrowed from Ottoman Turkish",
"English terms derived from Ottoman Turkish",
"English terms derived from Persian",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with quotations",
"Kazakh terms with redundant script codes",
"Kyrgyz terms with redundant script codes",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Russian terms with redundant script codes",
"Urdu terms with redundant script codes"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1963, Thomas Pynchon, V.",
"text": "We men are not a race of freebooters or giaours; not when our argosies are prey and food to the evil fish-of-metal whose lair is a German U-boat.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2001, Orhan Pamuk, translated by Erdağ M. Göknar, My Name Is Red",
"text": "I shudder in delight when I think of two-hundred-year-old books, dating back to the time of Tamerlane, volumes for which acquisitive giaours gleefully relinquish gold pieces and which they carry all the way back to their own countries[…].",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2004, Ebenezer Cobham Brewer, “The Giaour”, in Character Sketches Of Romance, Fiction And The Drama, volume 2, page 85",
"text": "Byron’s tale called The Giaour is supposed to be told by a Turkish fisherman who had been employed all the day in the gulf of Ægi’na, and landed his boat at night-fall on the Piræus, now called the harbor of Port Leonê.[…]The tale is this: Leilah, the beautiful concubine of the Caliph Hasson, falls in love with a giaour, flees from the seraglio, is overtaken by an emir, put to death, and cast into the sea. The giaour cleaves Hassan’s skull, flees for his life, and becomes a monk.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A non-Muslim, especially a Christian, an infidel; especially as used by Turkish people with particular reference to Christians such as Greeks, Armenians, Bulgarians, Serbs and Assyrians."
],
"links": [
[
"religious",
"religious"
],
[
"slur",
"slur"
],
[
"Muslim",
"Muslim"
],
[
"Christian",
"Christian"
],
[
"infidel",
"infidel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(religious slur) A non-Muslim, especially a Christian, an infidel; especially as used by Turkish people with particular reference to Christians such as Greeks, Armenians, Bulgarians, Serbs and Assyrians."
],
"tags": [
"slur"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈd͡ʒaʊə/"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "qafir"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "kāfir",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "كَافِر"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "gyavur",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "գյավուր"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "gavur"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "kafir"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "gjaúr",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гяу́р"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "džaur"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ďaur"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "urǯulo",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "ურჯულო"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "urc̣muno",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "ურწმუნო"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "giauri",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "გიაური"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "gkiaoúris",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "γκιαούρης"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kāfir",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "काफ़िर"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "gyaur"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "kafir"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "giaurro"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "käpır",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "кәпір"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "kaapır",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "каапыр"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "ǵaur",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ѓаур"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kaurin",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "каурин"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "kafir"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "kâfer",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "کافر"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "gabr",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "گبر"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "gâvor",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "گاور"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "giaur"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "giaour"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gjaúr",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гяу́р"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "káfír",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ка́фи́р"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kjáfír",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кя́фи́р"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ђаур"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ђаурин"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "каур"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "каурин"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "đaur"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "đaurin"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kaur"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kaurin"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "kofir",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "кофир"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "gabr",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "габр"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "gâvur"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "kâfir"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "kapyr"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hjaúr",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гяу́р"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "kāfir",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "کافر"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "kapir",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "كاپىر"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "kofir"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "gʻayridin"
}
],
"word": "giaour"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.