See giaour on Wiktionary
{
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"expansion": "Borrowed from French giaour",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ota",
"3": "كاور",
"tr": "gâvur"
},
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"name": "der"
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{
"args": {
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"3": "گَاوُر"
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"2": "Gheber",
"3": "Gueber"
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],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French giaour, from Ottoman Turkish كاور (gâvur), from Classical Persian گَاوُر (gāwur), a variant of گَبْر (gabr, “infidel”); see there for more. Doublet of Gheber and Gueber.",
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "1813, Lord Byron, The Giaour, a Fragment of a Turkish Tale, London: John Murray, page 10:",
"text": "And far beyond the Moslem's power / Had wrong'd him with the faithless Giaour.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1963, Thomas Pynchon, V.:",
"text": "We men are not a race of freebooters or giaours; not when our argosies are prey and food to the evil fish-of-metal whose lair is a German U-boat.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2001, Orhan Pamuk, translated by Erdağ M. Göknar, My Name Is Red:",
"text": "I shudder in delight when I think of two-hundred-year-old books, dating back to the time of Tamerlane, volumes for which acquisitive giaours gleefully relinquish gold pieces and which they carry all the way back to their own countries[…].",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2004, Ebenezer Cobham Brewer, “The Giaour”, in Character Sketches Of Romance, Fiction And The Drama, volume 2, page 85:",
"text": "Byron’s tale called The Giaour is supposed to be told by a Turkish fisherman who had been employed all the day in the gulf of Ægi’na, and landed his boat at night-fall on the Piræus, now called the harbor of Port Leonê.[…]The tale is this: Leilah, the beautiful concubine of the Caliph Hasson^([sic]), falls in love with a giaour, flees from the seraglio, is overtaken by an emir, put to death, and cast into the sea. The giaour cleaves Hassan’s skull, flees for his life, and becomes a monk.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A non-Muslim, especially a Christian, an infidel; especially as used by Turkish people with particular reference to Christians such as Greeks, Armenians, Bulgarians, Serbs and Assyrians."
],
"id": "en-giaour-en-noun-FyQ--Y5-",
"links": [
[
"religious",
"religious"
],
[
"slur",
"slur"
],
[
"non-Muslim",
"non-Muslim"
],
[
"Christian",
"Christian"
],
[
"infidel",
"infidel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(religious slur) A non-Muslim, especially a Christian, an infidel; especially as used by Turkish people with particular reference to Christians such as Greeks, Armenians, Bulgarians, Serbs and Assyrians."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kafir"
}
],
"tags": [
"slur"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "qafir"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "kāfir",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "كَافِر"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "gyavur",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "գյավուր"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "gavur"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "kafir"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "gjaúr",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гяу́р"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "džaur"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ďaur"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "urǯulo",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "ურჯულო"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "urc̣muno",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "ურწმუნო"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "giauri",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "გიაური"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "gkiaoúris",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "γκιαούρης"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kāfir",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "काफ़िर"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "gyaur"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "kafir"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "giaurro"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "käpır",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "кәпір"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "kaapır",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "каапыр"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "ǵaur",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ѓаур"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kaurin",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "каурин"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "kafir"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "kâfer",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "کافر"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "gabr",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "گبر"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "gâvor",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "گاور"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "giaur"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "giaour"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gjaúr",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гяу́р"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "káfír",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ка́фи́р"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kjáfír",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кя́фи́р"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ђаур"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ђаурин"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "каур"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "каурин"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "đaur"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "đaurin"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kaur"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kaurin"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "kofir",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "кофир"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "gabr",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "габр"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "gâvur"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "kâfir"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "kapyr"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hjaúr",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гяу́р"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "kāfir",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "کافر"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "kapir",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "كاپىر"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "kofir"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "gʻayridin"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "gawır (diq)"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈd͡ʒaʊə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈd͡ʒaʊəɹ/",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "giaour"
}
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"(religious slur) giaour (term for a non-Muslim used by Turks)"
],
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"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Tajik translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Turkmen translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Urdu translations",
"Terms with Uyghur translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"Terms with Zazaki translations",
"Urdu terms with redundant script codes"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1813, Lord Byron, The Giaour, a Fragment of a Turkish Tale, London: John Murray, page 10:",
"text": "And far beyond the Moslem's power / Had wrong'd him with the faithless Giaour.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1963, Thomas Pynchon, V.:",
"text": "We men are not a race of freebooters or giaours; not when our argosies are prey and food to the evil fish-of-metal whose lair is a German U-boat.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2001, Orhan Pamuk, translated by Erdağ M. Göknar, My Name Is Red:",
"text": "I shudder in delight when I think of two-hundred-year-old books, dating back to the time of Tamerlane, volumes for which acquisitive giaours gleefully relinquish gold pieces and which they carry all the way back to their own countries[…].",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2004, Ebenezer Cobham Brewer, “The Giaour”, in Character Sketches Of Romance, Fiction And The Drama, volume 2, page 85:",
"text": "Byron’s tale called The Giaour is supposed to be told by a Turkish fisherman who had been employed all the day in the gulf of Ægi’na, and landed his boat at night-fall on the Piræus, now called the harbor of Port Leonê.[…]The tale is this: Leilah, the beautiful concubine of the Caliph Hasson^([sic]), falls in love with a giaour, flees from the seraglio, is overtaken by an emir, put to death, and cast into the sea. The giaour cleaves Hassan’s skull, flees for his life, and becomes a monk.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A non-Muslim, especially a Christian, an infidel; especially as used by Turkish people with particular reference to Christians such as Greeks, Armenians, Bulgarians, Serbs and Assyrians."
],
"links": [
[
"religious",
"religious"
],
[
"slur",
"slur"
],
[
"non-Muslim",
"non-Muslim"
],
[
"Christian",
"Christian"
],
[
"infidel",
"infidel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(religious slur) A non-Muslim, especially a Christian, an infidel; especially as used by Turkish people with particular reference to Christians such as Greeks, Armenians, Bulgarians, Serbs and Assyrians."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kafir"
}
],
"tags": [
"slur"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈd͡ʒaʊə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈd͡ʒaʊəɹ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "qafir"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "kāfir",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "كَافِر"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "gyavur",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "գյավուր"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "gavur"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "kafir"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "gjaúr",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гяу́р"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "džaur"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ďaur"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "urǯulo",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "ურჯულო"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "urc̣muno",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "ურწმუნო"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "giauri",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "გიაური"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "gkiaoúris",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "γκιαούρης"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kāfir",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "काफ़िर"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "gyaur"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "kafir"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "giaurro"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "käpır",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "кәпір"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "kaapır",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "каапыр"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "ǵaur",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ѓаур"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kaurin",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "каурин"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "kafir"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "kâfer",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "کافر"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "gabr",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "گبر"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "gâvor",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "گاور"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "giaur"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "giaour"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gjaúr",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гяу́р"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "káfír",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ка́фи́р"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kjáfír",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кя́фи́р"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ђаур"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ђаурин"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "каур"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "каурин"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "đaur"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "đaurin"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kaur"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kaurin"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "kofir",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "кофир"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "gabr",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "габр"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "gâvur"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "kâfir"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "kapyr"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hjaúr",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гяу́р"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "kāfir",
"sense": "infidel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "کافر"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "kapir",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "كاپىر"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "kofir"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "gʻayridin"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "infidel",
"word": "gawır (diq)"
}
],
"word": "giaour"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "vec",
"3": "ota",
"4": "fa-cls"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "vec",
"3": "giaur"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Venetian giaur",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ota",
"3": "كاور",
"tr": "gâvur"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish كاور (gâvur)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gwer"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of gwer",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Venetian giaur, from Ottoman Turkish كاور (gâvur). Doublet of gwer.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "giaours",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "giaour m (plural giaours)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French 2-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French doublets",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine nouns",
"French nouns",
"French religious slurs",
"French terms borrowed from Venetian",
"French terms derived from Classical Persian",
"French terms derived from Ottoman Turkish",
"French terms derived from Venetian",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 3 entries"
],
"glosses": [
"giaour"
],
"links": [
[
"religious",
"religious"
],
[
"slur",
"slur"
],
[
"giaour",
"giaour#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(religious slur) giaour"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"slur"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʒja.uʁ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ghiaour"
}
],
"word": "giaour"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "giaours",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "#s"
},
"expansion": "giaour m (plural giaours)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Portuguese countable nouns",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese masculine nouns",
"Portuguese nouns",
"Portuguese religious slurs"
],
"glosses": [
"giaour (term for a non-Muslim used by Turks)"
],
"links": [
[
"religious",
"religious"
],
[
"slur",
"slur"
],
[
"giaour",
"giaour#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(religious slur) giaour (term for a non-Muslim used by Turks)"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"slur"
]
}
],
"word": "giaour"
}
Download raw JSONL data for giaour meaning in All languages combined (11.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-09-20 using wiktextract (af5c55c and 66545a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.