See gens in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for gens meaning in English (16.3kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "of or pertaining to a gens or several gentes",
"word": "gentile"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "C.E.",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "C.E.",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵenh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "gēns",
"4": "",
"5": "gens; people, tribe"
},
"expansion": "Latin gēns (“gens; people, tribe”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*gentis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *gentis",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵénh₁tis",
"4": "",
"5": "birth; production"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis (“birth; production”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ǵenh₁-",
"3": "",
"4": "to beget; to give birth; to produce"
},
"expansion": "*ǵenh₁- (“to beget; to give birth; to produce”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-tis",
"3": "",
"4": "suffix forming abstract or action nouns from verb roots"
},
"expansion": "*-tis (“suffix forming abstract or action nouns from verb roots”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "kind",
"3": "genesis",
"4": "jati"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of kind, genesis, and jati",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gender"
},
"expansion": "gender",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "generate"
},
"expansion": "generate",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gentile"
},
"expansion": "gentile",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "genus"
},
"expansion": "genus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "gigno",
"t": "I bring forth"
},
"expansion": "Latin gigno (“I bring forth”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin gēns (“gens; people, tribe”), from Proto-Italic *gentis, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis (“birth; production”), from *ǵenh₁- (“to beget; to give birth; to produce”) + *-tis (“suffix forming abstract or action nouns from verb roots”). Doublet of kind, genesis, and jati. See also gender, generate, gentile, genus; also Latin gigno (“I bring forth”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gentes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gentes",
"2": "+"
},
"expansion": "gens (plural gentes or genses)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Ancient Rome",
"orig": "en:Ancient Rome",
"parents": [
"Ancient Africa",
"Ancient Europe",
"Ancient history",
"Ancient Near East",
"History of Italy",
"History of Africa",
"History of Europe",
"History",
"Ancient Asia",
"Italy",
"Africa",
"Europe",
"All topics",
"History of Asia",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Fundamental",
"Asia",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "29 27 31 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1848, G[eorge] L[ong], “GENS”, in William Smith, editor, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, 2nd improved and enlarged edition, London: Taylor, Walton, and Maberly, Upper Gower Street; and Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row; John Murray, Albemarle Street, →OCLC, pages 568 and 569",
"text": "[page 568, column 2] There were certain sacred rites (sacra gentilitia) which belonged to a gens, to the observance of which all the members of a gens, as such, were bound, whether they were members by birth, adoption, or adrogation. A person was freed from the observance of such sacra, and lost the privileges connected with his gentile rites, when he lost his gens, that is, when he was adrogated, adopted, or even emancipated; for adrogation, adoption, and emancipation were accompanied by a diminutio capitis. […] [page 569, column 2] As the gentes were subdivisions of the three ancient tribes, the populus (in the ancient sense) alone had gentes, so that to be a patrician and to have a gens were synonymous; and thus we find the expressions gens and patricii constantly united.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1987, Frances Gies, Joseph Gies, “Roots: Roman, German, Christian”, in Marriage and Family in the Middle Ages, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Row",
"text": "Caius Julius Caesar belonged to the gens Julius, his father's name was Caesar, and his own individual name (praenomen) was Caius. Women were given the clan name as their own; Caesar's sister was called Julia, and a younger sister would have been called Julia Minor.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A legally defined unit of Roman society, being a collection of people related through a common ancestor by birth, marriage or adoption, possibly over many generations, and sharing the same nomen gentilicium."
],
"id": "en-gens-en-noun-en:Q899409",
"links": [
[
"Ancient Rome",
"Ancient Rome"
],
[
"legally",
"legally"
],
[
"defined",
"defined#Adjective"
],
[
"unit",
"unit"
],
[
"Roman",
"Roman#Adjective"
],
[
"society",
"society"
],
[
"related",
"relate#Verb"
],
[
"common",
"common#Adjective"
],
[
"ancestor",
"ancestor"
],
[
"birth",
"birth"
],
[
"marriage",
"marriage"
],
[
"adoption",
"adoption"
],
[
"generation",
"generation"
],
[
"nomen gentilicium",
"nomen gentilicium"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Ancient Rome, historical) A legally defined unit of Roman society, being a collection of people related through a common ancestor by birth, marriage or adoption, possibly over many generations, and sharing the same nomen gentilicium."
],
"senseid": [
"en:Q899409"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "83 10 7",
"sense": "Roman unit of society",
"word": "clan"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 10 7",
"english": "but see the usage note",
"sense": "Roman unit of society",
"word": "tribe"
}
],
"tags": [
"Ancient-Rome",
"historical"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "88 8 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rod",
"sense": "legally defined unit of Roman society",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "род"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 8 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "legally defined unit of Roman society",
"word": "gens"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 8 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "legally defined unit of Roman society",
"word": "suku"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 8 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "legally defined unit of Roman society",
"word": "gens"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 8 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "legally defined unit of Roman society",
"word": "Gens"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 8 5",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "legally defined unit of Roman society",
"word": "gens"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 8 5",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "legally defined unit of Roman society",
"word": "gento"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 8 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "legally defined unit of Roman society",
"word": "gens"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 8 5",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "legally defined unit of Roman society",
"word": "ゲンス"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 8 5",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "legally defined unit of Roman society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gēns"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 8 5",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "legally defined unit of Roman society",
"word": "gens"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 8 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "legally defined unit of Roman society",
"word": "gens"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 8 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "legally defined unit of Roman society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gente"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 8 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "legally defined unit of Roman society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gens"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 8 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rod",
"sense": "legally defined unit of Roman society",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "род"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 8 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "legally defined unit of Roman society",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gȅns"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 8 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "legally defined unit of Roman society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gens"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 8 5",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "legally defined unit of Roman society",
"word": "gens"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 8 5",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "legally defined unit of Roman society",
"word": "gens"
}
],
"wikidata": [
"Q899409"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Anthropology",
"orig": "en:Anthropology",
"parents": [
"Social sciences",
"Zoology",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"Biology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "29 27 31 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1877, Lewis H[enry] Morgan, “Organization of Society upon the Basis of Sex”, in Ancient Society: Or Researches in the Lines of Human Progress from Savagery through Barbarism to Civilization, New York, N.Y.: Henry Holt and Company, →OCLC, part II (Growth of the Idea of Government), pages 51–52",
"text": "The Kamilaroi are divided into six gentes, standing with reference to the right of marriage, in two divisions, […] Originally the first three gentes were not allowed to intermarry with each other, because they were subdivisions of an original gens; but they were permitted to marry into either of the other gentes, and vice versâ.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1919, Boris Sidis, The Source and Aim of Human Progress, Boston, Mass.: Richard G. Badger, the Gorham Press, →OCLC, page 25",
"text": "The taboos, the laws, the rules of gentes, tribes, and nations, from the lowest to the highest, are upheld by a vague terror and sacred awe which society impresses on man by threats of ill-luck, fearful evil, and terrible punishments befalling sinners and transgressors of the tabooed, of the holy and the forbidden, charged with a mysterious, highly contagious, and virulently infective life-consuming energy.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2006, Dzemal Sokolovic, “Man (between Individualism and Totalitarianism)”, in Nation vs. People: Bosnia is Just a Case, Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Press, part I (Man and Social Grouping), page 15",
"text": "While a woman and a man [who are native Hawaiians] primarily establish a family, they nonetheless remain members of different genses, and it is only as members of different genses that they are able to set up the family. At the same time, the children belong to the family of their parents, but owing to the validity of their mother's side—exclusively, to the gens of their mother. Thus, the members of one and the same family, the closest blood-related community, are members of two different genses.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A tribal subgroup whose members are characterized by having the same descent, usually along the male line."
],
"id": "en-gens-en-noun-il2xfvlu",
"links": [
[
"anthropology",
"anthropology"
],
[
"tribal",
"tribal"
],
[
"subgroup",
"subgroup"
],
[
"characterized",
"characterize#Verb"
],
[
"descent",
"descent"
],
[
"male",
"male"
],
[
"line",
"line#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anthropology) A tribal subgroup whose members are characterized by having the same descent, usually along the male line."
],
"topics": [
"anthropology",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Zoology",
"orig": "en:Zoology",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "29 27 31 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A host-specific lineage of a brood parasite species.^([W])"
],
"id": "en-gens-en-noun-YzbcjEvg",
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"lineage",
"lineage"
],
[
"brood parasite",
"brood parasite"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology) A host-specific lineage of a brood parasite species.^([W])"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/d͡ʒɛnz/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɛns/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛnz"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-gens1.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gens1.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gens1.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-gens2.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ac/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gens2.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gens2.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Bilecik Province",
"Marcus Aurelius",
"Roman emperor"
],
"word": "gens"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Clipping of <span class='form-of-definition-link'><i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"en\">generations</i></span>.",
"lang": ""
},
"expansion": "Clipping of generations.",
"name": "no deprecated lang param usage"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "generations"
},
"expansion": "Clipping of generations.",
"name": "clipping of"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Clipping of generations.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "gens",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 27 31 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2004, Sally Bishai, “Courtship, Marriage and the Ubiquitous ‘Dating Thing’”, in Mid-East Meets West: On Being and Becoming a Modern Arab American, Lincoln, Neb.: iUniverse, page 57",
"text": "For my fellow first-gens, get ready to hide a smirk, because your life story is likely hidden somewhere in this chapter. For the uninitiated—that is, the person who's never had a thing to do with the Arab way of doing things (namely dating)—I advise you to buckle up.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2016, Dwight Lang, “Witnessing Social Class in the Academy”, in Allison L. Hurst, Sandi Kawecka Nenga, editors, Working in Class: Recognizing How Social Class Shapes Our Academic Work, Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, part 2 (Teaching), page 102",
"text": "[…] I witness firsthand the difficult \"downstream\" outcomes (Grusky 2014) of social class stratification in a university setting where approximately 3,400 undergraduates (13% of the undergraduate population) are first in their families to attend and/or graduate from college (first-gens). Most of these students are low income and nearly 1,200 first-gens have grown up in poverty.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2017, Temple Fennell, “SCIE: Sustainable Cycle of Investing Engagement”, in Kirby Rosplock, The Complete Direct Investing Handbook: A Guide for Family Offices, Qualified Purchasers, and Accredited Investors (Bloomberg Financial Series), Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, page 242",
"text": "The Family Values and Framing Strategy steps address soft issues as what is the purpose of the new investment strategy, is there a desire to engage and train the next generation (Next Gens), and is there building buy-in and engagement across the family members important to strengthen family unity.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "clipping of generation",
"word": "gen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of gen (clipping of generation)."
],
"id": "en-gens-en-noun-Sxd29sXC",
"links": [
[
"gen",
"gen#English"
],
[
"generation",
"generation#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/d͡ʒɛnz/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-gens1.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gens1.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gens1.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "gens"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English clippings",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English noun forms",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁-",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:English/ɛnz",
"Rhymes:English/ɛnz/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "of or pertaining to a gens or several gentes",
"word": "gentile"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "C.E.",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "C.E.",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵenh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "gēns",
"4": "",
"5": "gens; people, tribe"
},
"expansion": "Latin gēns (“gens; people, tribe”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*gentis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *gentis",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵénh₁tis",
"4": "",
"5": "birth; production"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis (“birth; production”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ǵenh₁-",
"3": "",
"4": "to beget; to give birth; to produce"
},
"expansion": "*ǵenh₁- (“to beget; to give birth; to produce”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-tis",
"3": "",
"4": "suffix forming abstract or action nouns from verb roots"
},
"expansion": "*-tis (“suffix forming abstract or action nouns from verb roots”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "kind",
"3": "genesis",
"4": "jati"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of kind, genesis, and jati",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gender"
},
"expansion": "gender",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "generate"
},
"expansion": "generate",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gentile"
},
"expansion": "gentile",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "genus"
},
"expansion": "genus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "gigno",
"t": "I bring forth"
},
"expansion": "Latin gigno (“I bring forth”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin gēns (“gens; people, tribe”), from Proto-Italic *gentis, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis (“birth; production”), from *ǵenh₁- (“to beget; to give birth; to produce”) + *-tis (“suffix forming abstract or action nouns from verb roots”). Doublet of kind, genesis, and jati. See also gender, generate, gentile, genus; also Latin gigno (“I bring forth”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gentes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gentes",
"2": "+"
},
"expansion": "gens (plural gentes or genses)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Ancient Rome"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1848, G[eorge] L[ong], “GENS”, in William Smith, editor, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, 2nd improved and enlarged edition, London: Taylor, Walton, and Maberly, Upper Gower Street; and Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row; John Murray, Albemarle Street, →OCLC, pages 568 and 569",
"text": "[page 568, column 2] There were certain sacred rites (sacra gentilitia) which belonged to a gens, to the observance of which all the members of a gens, as such, were bound, whether they were members by birth, adoption, or adrogation. A person was freed from the observance of such sacra, and lost the privileges connected with his gentile rites, when he lost his gens, that is, when he was adrogated, adopted, or even emancipated; for adrogation, adoption, and emancipation were accompanied by a diminutio capitis. […] [page 569, column 2] As the gentes were subdivisions of the three ancient tribes, the populus (in the ancient sense) alone had gentes, so that to be a patrician and to have a gens were synonymous; and thus we find the expressions gens and patricii constantly united.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1987, Frances Gies, Joseph Gies, “Roots: Roman, German, Christian”, in Marriage and Family in the Middle Ages, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Row",
"text": "Caius Julius Caesar belonged to the gens Julius, his father's name was Caesar, and his own individual name (praenomen) was Caius. Women were given the clan name as their own; Caesar's sister was called Julia, and a younger sister would have been called Julia Minor.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A legally defined unit of Roman society, being a collection of people related through a common ancestor by birth, marriage or adoption, possibly over many generations, and sharing the same nomen gentilicium."
],
"links": [
[
"Ancient Rome",
"Ancient Rome"
],
[
"legally",
"legally"
],
[
"defined",
"defined#Adjective"
],
[
"unit",
"unit"
],
[
"Roman",
"Roman#Adjective"
],
[
"society",
"society"
],
[
"related",
"relate#Verb"
],
[
"common",
"common#Adjective"
],
[
"ancestor",
"ancestor"
],
[
"birth",
"birth"
],
[
"marriage",
"marriage"
],
[
"adoption",
"adoption"
],
[
"generation",
"generation"
],
[
"nomen gentilicium",
"nomen gentilicium"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Ancient Rome, historical) A legally defined unit of Roman society, being a collection of people related through a common ancestor by birth, marriage or adoption, possibly over many generations, and sharing the same nomen gentilicium."
],
"senseid": [
"en:Q899409"
],
"tags": [
"Ancient-Rome",
"historical"
],
"wikidata": [
"Q899409"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Anthropology"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1877, Lewis H[enry] Morgan, “Organization of Society upon the Basis of Sex”, in Ancient Society: Or Researches in the Lines of Human Progress from Savagery through Barbarism to Civilization, New York, N.Y.: Henry Holt and Company, →OCLC, part II (Growth of the Idea of Government), pages 51–52",
"text": "The Kamilaroi are divided into six gentes, standing with reference to the right of marriage, in two divisions, […] Originally the first three gentes were not allowed to intermarry with each other, because they were subdivisions of an original gens; but they were permitted to marry into either of the other gentes, and vice versâ.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1919, Boris Sidis, The Source and Aim of Human Progress, Boston, Mass.: Richard G. Badger, the Gorham Press, →OCLC, page 25",
"text": "The taboos, the laws, the rules of gentes, tribes, and nations, from the lowest to the highest, are upheld by a vague terror and sacred awe which society impresses on man by threats of ill-luck, fearful evil, and terrible punishments befalling sinners and transgressors of the tabooed, of the holy and the forbidden, charged with a mysterious, highly contagious, and virulently infective life-consuming energy.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2006, Dzemal Sokolovic, “Man (between Individualism and Totalitarianism)”, in Nation vs. People: Bosnia is Just a Case, Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Press, part I (Man and Social Grouping), page 15",
"text": "While a woman and a man [who are native Hawaiians] primarily establish a family, they nonetheless remain members of different genses, and it is only as members of different genses that they are able to set up the family. At the same time, the children belong to the family of their parents, but owing to the validity of their mother's side—exclusively, to the gens of their mother. Thus, the members of one and the same family, the closest blood-related community, are members of two different genses.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A tribal subgroup whose members are characterized by having the same descent, usually along the male line."
],
"links": [
[
"anthropology",
"anthropology"
],
[
"tribal",
"tribal"
],
[
"subgroup",
"subgroup"
],
[
"characterized",
"characterize#Verb"
],
[
"descent",
"descent"
],
[
"male",
"male"
],
[
"line",
"line#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anthropology) A tribal subgroup whose members are characterized by having the same descent, usually along the male line."
],
"topics": [
"anthropology",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Zoology"
],
"glosses": [
"A host-specific lineage of a brood parasite species.^([W])"
],
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"lineage",
"lineage"
],
[
"brood parasite",
"brood parasite"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology) A host-specific lineage of a brood parasite species.^([W])"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/d͡ʒɛnz/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɛns/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛnz"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-gens1.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gens1.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gens1.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gens1.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gens1.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-gens2.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ac/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gens2.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gens2.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ac/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gens2.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gens2.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "Roman unit of society",
"word": "clan"
},
{
"english": "but see the usage note",
"sense": "Roman unit of society",
"word": "tribe"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rod",
"sense": "legally defined unit of Roman society",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "род"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "legally defined unit of Roman society",
"word": "gens"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "legally defined unit of Roman society",
"word": "suku"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "legally defined unit of Roman society",
"word": "gens"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "legally defined unit of Roman society",
"word": "Gens"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "legally defined unit of Roman society",
"word": "gens"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "legally defined unit of Roman society",
"word": "gento"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "legally defined unit of Roman society",
"word": "gens"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "legally defined unit of Roman society",
"word": "ゲンス"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "legally defined unit of Roman society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gēns"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "legally defined unit of Roman society",
"word": "gens"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "legally defined unit of Roman society",
"word": "gens"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "legally defined unit of Roman society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gente"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "legally defined unit of Roman society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gens"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rod",
"sense": "legally defined unit of Roman society",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "род"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "legally defined unit of Roman society",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gȅns"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "legally defined unit of Roman society",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gens"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "legally defined unit of Roman society",
"word": "gens"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "legally defined unit of Roman society",
"word": "gens"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Bilecik Province",
"Marcus Aurelius",
"Roman emperor"
],
"word": "gens"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English clippings",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English noun forms",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Clipping of <span class='form-of-definition-link'><i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"en\">generations</i></span>.",
"lang": ""
},
"expansion": "Clipping of generations.",
"name": "no deprecated lang param usage"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "generations"
},
"expansion": "Clipping of generations.",
"name": "clipping of"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Clipping of generations.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "gens",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English clippings",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2004, Sally Bishai, “Courtship, Marriage and the Ubiquitous ‘Dating Thing’”, in Mid-East Meets West: On Being and Becoming a Modern Arab American, Lincoln, Neb.: iUniverse, page 57",
"text": "For my fellow first-gens, get ready to hide a smirk, because your life story is likely hidden somewhere in this chapter. For the uninitiated—that is, the person who's never had a thing to do with the Arab way of doing things (namely dating)—I advise you to buckle up.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2016, Dwight Lang, “Witnessing Social Class in the Academy”, in Allison L. Hurst, Sandi Kawecka Nenga, editors, Working in Class: Recognizing How Social Class Shapes Our Academic Work, Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, part 2 (Teaching), page 102",
"text": "[…] I witness firsthand the difficult \"downstream\" outcomes (Grusky 2014) of social class stratification in a university setting where approximately 3,400 undergraduates (13% of the undergraduate population) are first in their families to attend and/or graduate from college (first-gens). Most of these students are low income and nearly 1,200 first-gens have grown up in poverty.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2017, Temple Fennell, “SCIE: Sustainable Cycle of Investing Engagement”, in Kirby Rosplock, The Complete Direct Investing Handbook: A Guide for Family Offices, Qualified Purchasers, and Accredited Investors (Bloomberg Financial Series), Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, page 242",
"text": "The Family Values and Framing Strategy steps address soft issues as what is the purpose of the new investment strategy, is there a desire to engage and train the next generation (Next Gens), and is there building buy-in and engagement across the family members important to strengthen family unity.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "clipping of generation",
"word": "gen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of gen (clipping of generation)."
],
"links": [
[
"gen",
"gen#English"
],
[
"generation",
"generation#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/d͡ʒɛnz/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-gens1.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gens1.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gens1.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gens1.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gens1.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "gens"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.