"fortitude" meaning in English

See fortitude in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈfɔːtɪtjuːd/ [Received-Pronunciation] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-fortitude.wav Forms: fortitudes [plural]
Etymology: From Middle English fortitude, from Old French, from Latin fortitūdō (“bravery, strength”), from fortis (“brave, strong”). Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*bʰerǵʰ-}}, {{inh|en|enm|fortitude}} Middle English fortitude, {{der|en|fro|-}} Old French, {{der|en|la|fortitūdō||bravery, strength}} Latin fortitūdō (“bravery, strength”) Head templates: {{en-noun|~}} fortitude (countable and uncountable, plural fortitudes)
  1. Mental or emotional strength that enables courage in the face of adversity. Tags: countable, uncountable Categories (topical): Ethics Synonyms: inner strength, moxie, mettle, resolve, intestinal fortitude, toughness Translations (mental or emotional strength): твърдост (tvǎrdost) [feminine] (Bulgarian), сила на духа (sila na duha) (Bulgarian), 刚毅 (gāngyì) (Chinese Mandarin), 坚韧 (jiānrèn) (Chinese Mandarin), síla ducha [feminine] (Czech), pevná vůle [feminine] (Czech), taaiheid [feminine] (Dutch), geesteskracht [feminine] (Dutch), volharding [feminine] (Dutch), volhardendheid [feminine] (Dutch), vastberadenheid [feminine] (Dutch), innerlijke kracht [feminine] (Dutch), animforto (Esperanto), mielenlujuus (Finnish), lujuus (Finnish), luonteenlujuus (Finnish), fortitude [feminine] (French), fortaleza [feminine] (Galician), innere Kraft [feminine] (German), innere Stärke [feminine] (German), Standhaftigkeit [feminine] (German), σθένος (sthénos) [neuter] (Greek), γενναιότητα (gennaiótita) [feminine] (Greek), lelkierő (Hungarian), coraggio m forza [feminine] (Italian), fortezza [feminine] (Italian), ចិត្តអត់ធ្មត់ (cət ʼɑt thmŭət) (Khmer), fortitudo (Latin), manawaroa (Maori), niwha (Maori), koromaki (Maori), Browheit [feminine] (Plautdietsch), hart [masculine] (Polish), си́ла духа (síla duxa) [feminine] (Russian), forza [feminine] (Sicilian), fortaleza (Spanish), fortitud [feminine] (Spanish), tapperhet (Swedish), metanet (Turkish), sebat (Turkish)
    Sense id: en-fortitude-en-noun-gdMjrlDB Disambiguation of Ethics: 70 30 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Esperanto translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with Galician translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Greek translations, Terms with Hungarian translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Khmer translations, Terms with Latin translations, Terms with Mandarin translations, Terms with Maori translations, Terms with Plautdietsch translations, Terms with Polish translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Sicilian translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Swedish translations, Terms with Turkish translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 69 31 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 70 30 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 75 25 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 82 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Bulgarian translations: 73 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 73 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 66 34 Disambiguation of Terms with Esperanto translations: 70 30 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 72 28 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 68 32 Disambiguation of Terms with Galician translations: 72 28 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 70 30 Disambiguation of Terms with Greek translations: 69 31 Disambiguation of Terms with Hungarian translations: 73 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 70 30 Disambiguation of Terms with Khmer translations: 72 28 Disambiguation of Terms with Latin translations: 70 30 Disambiguation of Terms with Mandarin translations: 74 26 Disambiguation of Terms with Maori translations: 72 28 Disambiguation of Terms with Plautdietsch translations: 86 14 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 69 31 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 70 30 Disambiguation of Terms with Sicilian translations: 72 28 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 72 28 Disambiguation of Terms with Swedish translations: 73 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Turkish translations: 73 27 Disambiguation of 'mental or emotional strength': 59 41
  2. (archaic) Physical strength. Tags: archaic, countable, uncountable
    Sense id: en-fortitude-en-noun-IRLXTwCq
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: intestinal fortitude Related terms: forte, fortify

Inflected forms

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  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "intestinal fortitude"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
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      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
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    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
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      "expansion": "Middle English fortitude",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "fortitūdō",
        "4": "",
        "5": "bravery, strength"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin fortitūdō (“bravery, strength”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English fortitude, from Old French, from Latin fortitūdō (“bravery, strength”), from fortis (“brave, strong”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "fortitudes",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "fortitude (countable and uncountable, plural fortitudes)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "for‧ti‧tude"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "forte"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
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    }
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  "senses": [
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            "Philosophy",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
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          "source": "w+disamb"
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      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1613 (date written), William Shakespeare, [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], page 223, column 1:",
          "text": "I am able now (me thinkes) / (Out of a Fortitude of Soule, I feele) / To endure more Miſeries, […]",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "c. 1794, Jane Austen, “[Lady Susan.] I. Lady Susan Vernon to Mr. Vernon.”, in J[ames] E[dward] Austen[-]Leigh, A Memoir of Jane Austen: […] to which is Added Lady Susan and Fragments of Two Other Unfinished Tales by Miss Austen, 2nd edition, London: Richard Bentley and Son, […], published 1871, →OCLC, pages 203–204:",
          "text": "I shall soon have need for all my fortitude, as I am on the point of separation from my own daughter.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1904–1906, Joseph Conrad, “The Grip of the Land”, in The Mirror of the Sea, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y., London: Harper & Brothers, published October 1906, →OCLC, page 123:",
          "text": "She [the ship] may be saved by your efforts, by your resource and fortitude bearing up against the heavy weight of guilt and failure.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2012 January 30, Fareed Zakaria, “The Strategist”, in Time, archived from the original on 2012-07-26:",
          "text": "Mitt Romney […] charges that [Barack] Obama is an appeaser who apologizes for America, lacks fortitude and is \"tentative, indecisive, timid and nuanced.\"",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2012, Andrew Martin, Underground Overground: A Passenger’s History of the Tube, Profile Books, →ISBN, page 267:",
          "text": "The proper fans might also expend time—about twenty hours—trying to visit every Tube station as quickly as possible. […] But to visit every station in record time—which people have been attempting since at least 1960—requires real fortitude. You must get up before dawn, you must drink or eat almost nothing, so niggardly is the Underground with toilet provision.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Mental or emotional strength that enables courage in the face of adversity."
      ],
      "id": "en-fortitude-en-noun-gdMjrlDB",
      "links": [
        [
          "Mental",
          "mental"
        ],
        [
          "emotional",
          "emotional"
        ],
        [
          "strength",
          "strength"
        ],
        [
          "enable",
          "enable"
        ],
        [
          "courage",
          "courage"
        ],
        [
          "face",
          "face#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "adversity",
          "adversity"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "inner strength"
        },
        {
          "word": "moxie"
        },
        {
          "word": "mettle"
        },
        {
          "word": "resolve"
        },
        {
          "word": "intestinal fortitude"
        },
        {
          "word": "toughness"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "59 41",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "tvǎrdost",
          "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "твърдост"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "59 41",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "sila na duha",
          "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
          "word": "сила на духа"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "59 41",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "gāngyì",
          "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
          "word": "刚毅"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "59 41",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "jiānrèn",
          "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
          "word": "坚韧"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "59 41",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "síla ducha"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "59 41",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "pevná vůle"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "59 41",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "taaiheid"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "59 41",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "geesteskracht"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "59 41",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "volharding"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "59 41",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "volhardendheid"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "59 41",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "vastberadenheid"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "59 41",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "innerlijke kracht"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "59 41",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
          "word": "animforto"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "59 41",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
          "word": "mielenlujuus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "59 41",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
          "word": "lujuus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "59 41",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
          "word": "luonteenlujuus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "59 41",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "fortitude"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "59 41",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "fortaleza"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "59 41",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "innere Kraft"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "59 41",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "innere Stärke"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "59 41",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Standhaftigkeit"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "59 41",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "sthénos",
          "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "σθένος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "59 41",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "gennaiótita",
          "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "γενναιότητα"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "59 41",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
          "word": "lelkierő"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "59 41",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "coraggio m forza"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "59 41",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "fortezza"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "59 41",
          "code": "km",
          "lang": "Khmer",
          "roman": "cət ʼɑt thmŭət",
          "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
          "word": "ចិត្តអត់ធ្មត់"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "59 41",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
          "word": "fortitudo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "59 41",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
          "word": "manawaroa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "59 41",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
          "word": "niwha"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "59 41",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
          "word": "koromaki"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "59 41",
          "code": "pdt",
          "lang": "Plautdietsch",
          "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Browheit"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "59 41",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "hart"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "59 41",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "síla duxa",
          "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "си́ла духа"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "59 41",
          "code": "scn",
          "lang": "Sicilian",
          "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "forza"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "59 41",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
          "word": "fortaleza"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "59 41",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "fortitud"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "59 41",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
          "word": "tapperhet"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "59 41",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
          "word": "metanet"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "59 41",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
          "word": "sebat"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, The Tragœdy of Othello, the Moore of Venice. […] (First Quarto), London: […] N[icholas] O[kes] for Thomas Walkley, […], published 1622, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii], page 15:",
          "text": "The Turke with moſt mighty preparation makes for Cipres. Othello, the fortitude of the place, is beſt knowne to you, […]",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1695, [William] Congreve, Love for Love: A Comedy. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, Act II, scene i, page 17:",
          "text": "Hey day! VVhat are all the VVomen of my Family abroad? Is not my Wife come home? Nor my Siſter, nor my Daughter? […] Mercy on us, what can be the meaning of it? Sure the Moon is in all her Fortitudes; […]",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Physical strength."
      ],
      "id": "en-fortitude-en-noun-IRLXTwCq",
      "links": [
        [
          "Physical",
          "physical"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) Physical strength."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfɔːtɪtjuːd/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-fortitude.wav",
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    }
  ],
  "word": "fortitude"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰerǵʰ-",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Esperanto translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with Galician translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Greek translations",
    "Terms with Hungarian translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Khmer translations",
    "Terms with Latin translations",
    "Terms with Mandarin translations",
    "Terms with Maori translations",
    "Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Sicilian translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "Terms with Turkish translations",
    "en:Ethics"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "intestinal fortitude"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰerǵʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "fortitude"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English fortitude",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "fortitūdō",
        "4": "",
        "5": "bravery, strength"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin fortitūdō (“bravery, strength”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English fortitude, from Old French, from Latin fortitūdō (“bravery, strength”), from fortis (“brave, strong”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "fortitudes",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "fortitude (countable and uncountable, plural fortitudes)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "for‧ti‧tude"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "forte"
    },
    {
      "word": "fortify"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1613 (date written), William Shakespeare, [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], page 223, column 1:",
          "text": "I am able now (me thinkes) / (Out of a Fortitude of Soule, I feele) / To endure more Miſeries, […]",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "c. 1794, Jane Austen, “[Lady Susan.] I. Lady Susan Vernon to Mr. Vernon.”, in J[ames] E[dward] Austen[-]Leigh, A Memoir of Jane Austen: […] to which is Added Lady Susan and Fragments of Two Other Unfinished Tales by Miss Austen, 2nd edition, London: Richard Bentley and Son, […], published 1871, →OCLC, pages 203–204:",
          "text": "I shall soon have need for all my fortitude, as I am on the point of separation from my own daughter.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1904–1906, Joseph Conrad, “The Grip of the Land”, in The Mirror of the Sea, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y., London: Harper & Brothers, published October 1906, →OCLC, page 123:",
          "text": "She [the ship] may be saved by your efforts, by your resource and fortitude bearing up against the heavy weight of guilt and failure.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2012 January 30, Fareed Zakaria, “The Strategist”, in Time, archived from the original on 2012-07-26:",
          "text": "Mitt Romney […] charges that [Barack] Obama is an appeaser who apologizes for America, lacks fortitude and is \"tentative, indecisive, timid and nuanced.\"",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2012, Andrew Martin, Underground Overground: A Passenger’s History of the Tube, Profile Books, →ISBN, page 267:",
          "text": "The proper fans might also expend time—about twenty hours—trying to visit every Tube station as quickly as possible. […] But to visit every station in record time—which people have been attempting since at least 1960—requires real fortitude. You must get up before dawn, you must drink or eat almost nothing, so niggardly is the Underground with toilet provision.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Mental or emotional strength that enables courage in the face of adversity."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Mental",
          "mental"
        ],
        [
          "emotional",
          "emotional"
        ],
        [
          "strength",
          "strength"
        ],
        [
          "enable",
          "enable"
        ],
        [
          "courage",
          "courage"
        ],
        [
          "face",
          "face#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "adversity",
          "adversity"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "inner strength"
        },
        {
          "word": "moxie"
        },
        {
          "word": "mettle"
        },
        {
          "word": "resolve"
        },
        {
          "word": "intestinal fortitude"
        },
        {
          "word": "toughness"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with archaic senses",
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, The Tragœdy of Othello, the Moore of Venice. […] (First Quarto), London: […] N[icholas] O[kes] for Thomas Walkley, […], published 1622, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii], page 15:",
          "text": "The Turke with moſt mighty preparation makes for Cipres. Othello, the fortitude of the place, is beſt knowne to you, […]",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1695, [William] Congreve, Love for Love: A Comedy. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, Act II, scene i, page 17:",
          "text": "Hey day! VVhat are all the VVomen of my Family abroad? Is not my Wife come home? Nor my Siſter, nor my Daughter? […] Mercy on us, what can be the meaning of it? Sure the Moon is in all her Fortitudes; […]",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Physical strength."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Physical",
          "physical"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) Physical strength."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfɔːtɪtjuːd/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-fortitude.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fortitude.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fortitude.wav.mp3",
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    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "tvǎrdost",
      "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "твърдост"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "sila na duha",
      "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
      "word": "сила на духа"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "gāngyì",
      "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
      "word": "刚毅"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "jiānrèn",
      "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
      "word": "坚韧"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "síla ducha"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "pevná vůle"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "taaiheid"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "geesteskracht"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "volharding"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "volhardendheid"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "vastberadenheid"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "innerlijke kracht"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
      "word": "animforto"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
      "word": "mielenlujuus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
      "word": "lujuus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
      "word": "luonteenlujuus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "fortitude"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "fortaleza"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "innere Kraft"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "innere Stärke"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Standhaftigkeit"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "sthénos",
      "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "σθένος"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "gennaiótita",
      "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "γενναιότητα"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
      "word": "lelkierő"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "coraggio m forza"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "fortezza"
    },
    {
      "code": "km",
      "lang": "Khmer",
      "roman": "cət ʼɑt thmŭət",
      "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
      "word": "ចិត្តអត់ធ្មត់"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
      "word": "fortitudo"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
      "word": "manawaroa"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
      "word": "niwha"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
      "word": "koromaki"
    },
    {
      "code": "pdt",
      "lang": "Plautdietsch",
      "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Browheit"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "hart"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "síla duxa",
      "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "си́ла духа"
    },
    {
      "code": "scn",
      "lang": "Sicilian",
      "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "forza"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
      "word": "fortaleza"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "fortitud"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
      "word": "tapperhet"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
      "word": "metanet"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "mental or emotional strength",
      "word": "sebat"
    }
  ],
  "word": "fortitude"
}

Download raw JSONL data for fortitude meaning in English (11.0kB)

{
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  "msg": "fortitude/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms derived from Latin\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old French\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰerǵʰ-\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English uncountable nouns\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 2 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Khmer translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Plautdietsch translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Sicilian translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"en:Ethics\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"intestinal fortitude\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*bʰerǵʰ-\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"fortitude\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English fortitude\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"fro\", \"3\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old French\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"la\", \"3\": \"fortitūdō\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"bravery, strength\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin fortitūdō (“bravery, strength”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English fortitude, from Old French, from Latin fortitūdō (“bravery, strength”), from fortis (“brave, strong”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"fortitudes\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"~\"}, \"expansion\": \"fortitude (countable and uncountable, plural fortitudes)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"hyphenation\": [\"for‧ti‧tude\"], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"forte\"}, {\"word\": \"fortify\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1613 (date written), William Shakespeare, [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], page 223, column 1:\", \"text\": \"I am able now (me thinkes) / (Out of a Fortitude of Soule, I feele) / To endure more Miſeries, […]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"c. 1794, Jane Austen, “[Lady Susan.] I. Lady Susan Vernon to Mr. Vernon.”, in J[ames] E[dward] Austen[-]Leigh, A Memoir of Jane Austen: […] to which is Added Lady Susan and Fragments of Two Other Unfinished Tales by Miss Austen, 2nd edition, London: Richard Bentley and Son, […], published 1871, →OCLC, pages 203–204:\", \"text\": \"I shall soon have need for all my fortitude, as I am on the point of separation from my own daughter.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1904–1906, Joseph Conrad, “The Grip of the Land”, in The Mirror of the Sea, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y., London: Harper & Brothers, published October 1906, →OCLC, page 123:\", \"text\": \"She [the ship] may be saved by your efforts, by your resource and fortitude bearing up against the heavy weight of guilt and failure.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"2012 January 30, Fareed Zakaria, “The Strategist”, in Time, archived from the original on 2012-07-26:\", \"text\": \"Mitt Romney […] charges that [Barack] Obama is an appeaser who apologizes for America, lacks fortitude and is \\\"tentative, indecisive, timid and nuanced.\\\"\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"2012, Andrew Martin, Underground Overground: A Passenger’s History of the Tube, Profile Books, →ISBN, page 267:\", \"text\": \"The proper fans might also expend time—about twenty hours—trying to visit every Tube station as quickly as possible. […] But to visit every station in record time—which people have been attempting since at least 1960—requires real fortitude. You must get up before dawn, you must drink or eat almost nothing, so niggardly is the Underground with toilet provision.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Mental or emotional strength that enables courage in the face of adversity.\"], \"links\": [[\"Mental\", \"mental\"], [\"emotional\", \"emotional\"], [\"strength\", \"strength\"], [\"enable\", \"enable\"], [\"courage\", \"courage\"], [\"face\", \"face#Noun\"], [\"adversity\", \"adversity\"]], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"inner strength\"}, {\"word\": \"moxie\"}, {\"word\": \"mettle\"}, {\"word\": \"resolve\"}, {\"word\": \"intestinal fortitude\"}, {\"word\": \"toughness\"}], \"tags\": [\"countable\", \"uncountable\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with archaic senses\", \"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, The Tragœdy of Othello, the Moore of Venice. […] (First Quarto), London: […] N[icholas] O[kes] for Thomas Walkley, […], published 1622, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii], page 15:\", \"text\": \"The Turke with moſt mighty preparation makes for Cipres. Othello, the fortitude of the place, is beſt knowne to you, […]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1695, [William] Congreve, Love for Love: A Comedy. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, Act II, scene i, page 17:\", \"text\": \"Hey day! VVhat are all the VVomen of my Family abroad? Is not my Wife come home? Nor my Siſter, nor my Daughter? […] Mercy on us, what can be the meaning of it? Sure the Moon is in all her Fortitudes; […]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Physical strength.\"], \"links\": [[\"Physical\", \"physical\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(archaic) Physical strength.\"], \"tags\": [\"archaic\", \"countable\", \"uncountable\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ˈfɔːtɪtjuːd/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"audio\": \"LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-fortitude.wav\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fortitude.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fortitude.wav.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fortitude.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fortitude.wav.ogg\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"tvǎrdost\", \"sense\": \"mental or emotional strength\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"твърдост\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"sila na duha\", \"sense\": \"mental or emotional strength\", \"word\": \"сила на духа\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"gāngyì\", \"sense\": \"mental or emotional strength\", \"word\": \"刚毅\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jiānrèn\", \"sense\": \"mental or emotional strength\", \"word\": \"坚韧\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"mental or emotional strength\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"síla ducha\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"mental or emotional strength\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"pevná vůle\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"mental or emotional strength\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"taaiheid\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"mental or emotional strength\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"geesteskracht\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"mental or emotional strength\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"volharding\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"mental or emotional strength\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"volhardendheid\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"mental or emotional strength\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"vastberadenheid\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"mental or emotional strength\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"innerlijke kracht\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"mental or emotional strength\", \"word\": \"animforto\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"mental or emotional strength\", \"word\": \"mielenlujuus\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"mental or emotional strength\", \"word\": \"lujuus\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"mental or emotional strength\", \"word\": \"luonteenlujuus\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"mental or emotional strength\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"fortitude\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"mental or emotional strength\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"fortaleza\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"mental or emotional strength\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"innere Kraft\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"mental or emotional strength\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"innere Stärke\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"mental or emotional strength\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"Standhaftigkeit\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"sthénos\", \"sense\": \"mental or emotional strength\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"σθένος\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"gennaiótita\", \"sense\": \"mental or emotional strength\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"γενναιότητα\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"mental or emotional strength\", \"word\": \"lelkierő\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"mental or emotional strength\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"coraggio m forza\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"mental or emotional strength\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"fortezza\"}, {\"code\": \"km\", \"lang\": \"Khmer\", \"roman\": \"cət ʼɑt thmŭət\", \"sense\": \"mental or emotional strength\", \"word\": \"ចិត្តអត់ធ្មត់\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"mental or emotional strength\", \"word\": \"fortitudo\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"mental or emotional strength\", \"word\": \"manawaroa\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"mental or emotional strength\", \"word\": \"niwha\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"mental or emotional strength\", \"word\": \"koromaki\"}, {\"code\": \"pdt\", \"lang\": \"Plautdietsch\", \"sense\": \"mental or emotional strength\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"Browheit\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"mental or emotional strength\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"hart\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"síla duxa\", \"sense\": \"mental or emotional strength\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"си́ла духа\"}, {\"code\": \"scn\", \"lang\": \"Sicilian\", \"sense\": \"mental or emotional strength\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"forza\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"mental or emotional strength\", \"word\": \"fortaleza\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"mental or emotional strength\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"fortitud\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"mental or emotional strength\", \"word\": \"tapperhet\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"mental or emotional strength\", \"word\": \"metanet\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"mental or emotional strength\", \"word\": \"sebat\"}], \"word\": \"fortitude\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "fortitude",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.