See fortification in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for fortification meaning in English (14.9kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "biofortification"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fortification curtain"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerǵʰ-",
"4": "*dʰeh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "fortification"
},
"expansion": "Middle French fortification",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "fortificatio",
"4": "fortificatio, fortificationem"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin fortificatio, fortificationem",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fortifico"
},
"expansion": "fortifico",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "fortis"
},
"expansion": "Latin fortis",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Middle French fortification, from Late Latin fortificatio, fortificationem, from fortifico, from Latin fortis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fortifications",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "fortification (countable and uncountable, plural fortifications)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fortify"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The act of fortifying; the art or science of fortifying places to strengthen defence against an enemy."
],
"id": "en-fortification-en-noun-ngg3SpcV",
"links": [
[
"fortifying",
"fortifying"
],
[
"strengthen",
"strengthen"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "94 3 2 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ukrepvane",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "укрепване"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 2 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "usilvane",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "усилване"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 2 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"word": "防禦工事"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 2 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fángyù gōngshì",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"word": "防御工事"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 2 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gōngshì",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"word": "工事"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 2 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"word": "fortikado"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 2 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"word": "linnoittaminen"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 2 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fortification"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 2 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "renforcement"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 2 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fortificación"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Festungsbau"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Befestigen"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 2 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ochýrosi",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "οχύρωση"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 2 1",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "okhúrōsis",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ὀχύρωσις"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 2 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fortificazione"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 2 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fortificātiō"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 2 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mūnītiō"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 2 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "utvrdúvanje",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "утврду́вање"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 2 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "útvrda",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "у́тврда"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 2 1",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"word": "pengubuan"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 2 1",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"feminine"
],
"word": "fortificâtion"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 2 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fortyfikacja"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 2 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "umocnienie"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 2 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fortificação"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 2 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fortificare"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 2 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "fortifikácija",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"word": "фортифика́ция"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 2 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ukreplénije",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "укрепле́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 2 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fortificación"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 2 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "befästning"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 2 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"raw_tags": [
"of fortification"
],
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"topics": [
"art",
"arts"
],
"word": "befästningskonst"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 46 35 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1881, John Kirby Hedges, The history of Wallingford, volume 1, page 170",
"text": "Kenett states that the military works still known by the name of Tadmarten Camp and Hook-Norton Barrow were cast up at this time ; the former, large and round, is judged to be a fortification of the Danes, and the latter, being smaller and rather a quinquangle than a square, of the Saxons.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2022 January 12, Dr. Joseph Brennan, “Castles: ruined and redeemed by rail”, in RAIL, number 948, page 54",
"text": "As Edwin Clark [...] wrote in 1850: \"[...] The lofty towers of the castle overhang the western approach to the Bridge, and the line passes into Conway through an opening pierced in the embattled wall, which entirely surrounds the town. These fortifications are in good preservation, and rank among the most perfect examples of the strongholds of the 13th century.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"That which fortifies; especially, a work or works erected to defend a place against attack; a fortified place; a fortress; a fort; a castle."
],
"id": "en-fortification-en-noun-LrMMjON0",
"links": [
[
"work",
"work"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 90 4 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "maqil",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "مَعْقِل"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 4 2",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "amrutʿyun",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"word": "ամրություն"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 4 2",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"word": "istehkam"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 4 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ukreplenija",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "укрепления"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 4 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fortificació"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 4 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"word": "防禦工事"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 4 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fángyù gōngshì",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"word": "防御工事"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 4 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gōngshì",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"word": "工事"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 4 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"word": "堡壘"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 4 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bǎolěi",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"word": "堡垒"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 4 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pevnost"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 4 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "opevnění"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 4 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"word": "vesting"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 4 2",
"code": "egy",
"lang": "Egyptian",
"roman": "jmḏr",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"word": "i-m-im-Dr:r-O36"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 4 2",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"word": "fortikaĵo"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 4 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"word": "linnoite"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 4 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"word": "linnoitus"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 4 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fortification"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 4 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "renforcement"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 4 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fortificación"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 4 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Festung"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 4 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Fort"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 4 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ochýroma",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "οχύρωμα"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 4 2",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "teîkhos",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "τεῖχος"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 4 2",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "okhúrōma",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ὀχύρωμα"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 4 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fortificazione"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 4 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mūnītiō"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 4 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "mūnīmentum"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 4 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "utvrdúvanja",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "утврду́вања"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 4 2",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"word": "perkubuan"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 4 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"word": "pare"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 4 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"word": "papare"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 4 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"word": "tūwatawata"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 4 2",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"feminine"
],
"word": "fortificâtion"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 4 2",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "festningsanlegg"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 4 2",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "festningsanlegg"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 4 2",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fæsten"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 4 2",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "hisar",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"word": "حصار"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 4 2",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "estehkâmât",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"word": "استحکامات"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 4 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fortyfikacja"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 4 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "umocnienie"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 4 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fortificação"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 4 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fortificație"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 4 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fortăreață"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 4 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ukreplénija",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "укрепле́ния"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 4 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fortificación"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 4 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "befästning"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 4 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "fortifikation"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 4 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"word": "tahkimat"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1979 July, Kiplinger's Personal Finance, volume 33, number 7, page 47",
"text": "Compare the nutrition information label of a regular ready-to-eat fortified cereal with that of a presweetened brand and you'll note that, although the sweetened one's sugar content is higher, the fortification is virtually identical.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An increase in effectiveness, as by adding ingredients."
],
"id": "en-fortification-en-noun-V3OjK48z",
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A jagged pattern sometimes seen during an attack of migraine."
],
"id": "en-fortification-en-noun-6NtdoAsH",
"links": [
[
"jagged",
"jagged"
],
[
"pattern",
"pattern"
],
[
"migraine",
"migraine"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌfɔː(ɹ)tɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌfɔː(ɹ)tɪfəˈkeɪʃən/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪʃən"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-fortification.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fortification.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fortification.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fortification.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fortification.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"fortification"
],
"word": "fortification"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 5-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰerǵʰ-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁-",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Rhymes:English/eɪʃən",
"Rhymes:English/eɪʃən/5 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "biofortification"
},
{
"word": "fortification curtain"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerǵʰ-",
"4": "*dʰeh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "fortification"
},
"expansion": "Middle French fortification",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "fortificatio",
"4": "fortificatio, fortificationem"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin fortificatio, fortificationem",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fortifico"
},
"expansion": "fortifico",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "fortis"
},
"expansion": "Latin fortis",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Middle French fortification, from Late Latin fortificatio, fortificationem, from fortifico, from Latin fortis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fortifications",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "fortification (countable and uncountable, plural fortifications)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "fortify"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The act of fortifying; the art or science of fortifying places to strengthen defence against an enemy."
],
"links": [
[
"fortifying",
"fortifying"
],
[
"strengthen",
"strengthen"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1881, John Kirby Hedges, The history of Wallingford, volume 1, page 170",
"text": "Kenett states that the military works still known by the name of Tadmarten Camp and Hook-Norton Barrow were cast up at this time ; the former, large and round, is judged to be a fortification of the Danes, and the latter, being smaller and rather a quinquangle than a square, of the Saxons.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2022 January 12, Dr. Joseph Brennan, “Castles: ruined and redeemed by rail”, in RAIL, number 948, page 54",
"text": "As Edwin Clark [...] wrote in 1850: \"[...] The lofty towers of the castle overhang the western approach to the Bridge, and the line passes into Conway through an opening pierced in the embattled wall, which entirely surrounds the town. These fortifications are in good preservation, and rank among the most perfect examples of the strongholds of the 13th century.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"That which fortifies; especially, a work or works erected to defend a place against attack; a fortified place; a fortress; a fort; a castle."
],
"links": [
[
"work",
"work"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1979 July, Kiplinger's Personal Finance, volume 33, number 7, page 47",
"text": "Compare the nutrition information label of a regular ready-to-eat fortified cereal with that of a presweetened brand and you'll note that, although the sweetened one's sugar content is higher, the fortification is virtually identical.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An increase in effectiveness, as by adding ingredients."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A jagged pattern sometimes seen during an attack of migraine."
],
"links": [
[
"jagged",
"jagged"
],
[
"pattern",
"pattern"
],
[
"migraine",
"migraine"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌfɔː(ɹ)tɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌfɔː(ɹ)tɪfəˈkeɪʃən/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪʃən"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-fortification.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fortification.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fortification.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fortification.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fortification.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ukrepvane",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "укрепване"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "usilvane",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "усилване"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"word": "防禦工事"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fángyù gōngshì",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"word": "防御工事"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gōngshì",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"word": "工事"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"word": "fortikado"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"word": "linnoittaminen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fortification"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "renforcement"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fortificación"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Festungsbau"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Befestigen"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ochýrosi",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "οχύρωση"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "okhúrōsis",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ὀχύρωσις"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fortificazione"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fortificātiō"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mūnītiō"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "utvrdúvanje",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "утврду́вање"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "útvrda",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "у́тврда"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"word": "pengubuan"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"feminine"
],
"word": "fortificâtion"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fortyfikacja"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "umocnienie"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fortificação"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fortificare"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "fortifikácija",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"word": "фортифика́ция"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ukreplénije",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "укрепле́ние"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fortificación"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "befästning"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"raw_tags": [
"of fortification"
],
"sense": "the act of fortifying",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"topics": [
"art",
"arts"
],
"word": "befästningskonst"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "maqil",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "مَعْقِل"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "amrutʿyun",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"word": "ամրություն"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"word": "istehkam"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ukreplenija",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "укрепления"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fortificació"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"word": "防禦工事"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fángyù gōngshì",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"word": "防御工事"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gōngshì",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"word": "工事"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"word": "堡壘"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bǎolěi",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"word": "堡垒"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pevnost"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "opevnění"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"word": "vesting"
},
{
"code": "egy",
"lang": "Egyptian",
"roman": "jmḏr",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"word": "i-m-im-Dr:r-O36"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"word": "fortikaĵo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"word": "linnoite"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"word": "linnoitus"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fortification"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "renforcement"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fortificación"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Festung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Fort"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ochýroma",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "οχύρωμα"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "teîkhos",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "τεῖχος"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "okhúrōma",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ὀχύρωμα"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fortificazione"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mūnītiō"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "mūnīmentum"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "utvrdúvanja",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "утврду́вања"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"word": "perkubuan"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"word": "pare"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"word": "papare"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"word": "tūwatawata"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"feminine"
],
"word": "fortificâtion"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "festningsanlegg"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "festningsanlegg"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fæsten"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "hisar",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"word": "حصار"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "estehkâmât",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"word": "استحکامات"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fortyfikacja"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "umocnienie"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fortificação"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fortificație"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fortăreață"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ukreplénija",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "укрепле́ния"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fortificación"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "befästning"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "fortifikation"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "that which fortifies",
"word": "tahkimat"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"fortification"
],
"word": "fortification"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.