"disinformation" meaning in English

See disinformation in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˌdɪsɪnfəˈmeɪʃ(ə)n/ [Received-Pronunciation], /dɪsˌɪnfɚˈmeɪʃən/ [US] Audio: en-au-disinformation.ogg [Australia] Forms: disinformations [plural]
Rhymes: -eɪʃən Etymology: Composed of dis- + information, a calque of Russian дезинформа́ция (dezinformácija), a word coined by Joseph Stalin c. 1923 (see the Wikipedia article). Attested in this sense in English from 1939. A morphologically-identical "disinformation" occurred earlier as a simple synonym of misinformation. Doublet of dezinformatsiya, an unadapted borrowing from Russian. Etymology templates: {{prefix|en|dis|information}} dis- + information, {{cal|en|ru|дезинформа́ция|notext=1}} Russian дезинформа́ция (dezinformácija), {{m|en||disinformation}} disinformation, {{m|en|misinformation}} misinformation, {{doublet|en|dezinformatsiya}} Doublet of dezinformatsiya Head templates: {{en-noun|-|s}} disinformation (usually uncountable, plural disinformations)
  1. False information intentionally disseminated to deliberately confuse or mislead; intentional misinformation. Tags: uncountable, usually
    Sense id: en-disinformation-en-noun-lBQlf8nU
  2. Fabricated or deliberately manipulated content. Intentionally created conspiracy theories or rumors. Tags: uncountable, usually
    Sense id: en-disinformation-en-noun-7oFSJ~d0 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English terms prefixed with dis- Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 33 49 18 Disambiguation of English terms prefixed with dis-: 32 41 27

Verb

IPA: /ˌdɪsɪnfəˈmeɪʃ(ə)n/ [Received-Pronunciation], /dɪsˌɪnfɚˈmeɪʃən/ [US] Audio: en-au-disinformation.ogg [Australia] Forms: disinformations [present, singular, third-person], disinformationing [participle, present], disinformationed [participle, past], disinformationed [past]
Rhymes: -eɪʃən Etymology: Composed of dis- + information, a calque of Russian дезинформа́ция (dezinformácija), a word coined by Joseph Stalin c. 1923 (see the Wikipedia article). Attested in this sense in English from 1939. A morphologically-identical "disinformation" occurred earlier as a simple synonym of misinformation. Doublet of dezinformatsiya, an unadapted borrowing from Russian. Etymology templates: {{prefix|en|dis|information}} dis- + information, {{cal|en|ru|дезинформа́ция|notext=1}} Russian дезинформа́ция (dezinformácija), {{m|en||disinformation}} disinformation, {{m|en|misinformation}} misinformation, {{doublet|en|dezinformatsiya}} Doublet of dezinformatsiya Head templates: {{en-verb}} disinformation (third-person singular simple present disinformations, present participle disinformationing, simple past and past participle disinformationed)
  1. (transitive) To use disinformation. Tags: transitive Related terms: dezinformatsiya, disinform, malinformation, misinformation, propaganda Translations (intentionally false information): dezinformacion [masculine] (Albanian), مَعْلُومَات مُضَلِّلَة (maʕlūmāt muḍallila) [feminine, plural] (Arabic), ապատեղեկատվություն (apateġekatvutʿyun) (Armenian), dezinformasiya (Azerbaijani), дэзінфарма́цыя (dezinfarmácyja) [feminine] (Belarusian), дэзынфарма́цыя (dezynfarmácyja) [feminine] (Belarusian), дезинформа́ция (dezinformácija) [feminine] (Bulgarian), desinformació [feminine] (Catalan), 假情報 (Chinese Mandarin), 假情报 (jiǎqíngbào) (Chinese Mandarin), 訛傳 (Chinese Mandarin), 讹传 (échuán) (Chinese Mandarin), 謊報 (Chinese Mandarin), 谎报 (huǎngbào) (Chinese Mandarin), dezinformace [feminine] (Czech), misinformation [common-gender] (Danish), desinformatie [feminine] (Dutch), desinformatsioon (Estonian), disinformaatio (Finnish), harhatiedotus (Finnish), désinformation [feminine] (French), mésinformation [feminine] (French), დეზინფორმაცია (dezinpormacia) (Georgian), Desinformation [feminine] (German), παραπληροφόρηση (paraplirofórisi) [feminine] (Greek), דִּיסְאִינְפוֹרְמַצְיָה (disinformátsya) [feminine] (Hebrew), दुस्सूचना (dussūcnā) [masculine] (Hindi), dezinformáció (Hungarian), félrevezetés (Hungarian), bréagaisnéis [feminine] (Irish), bréageolas [masculine] (Irish), disinformazione [feminine] (Italian), controinformazione [feminine] (Italian), misinformazione [feminine] (Italian), 偽情報 (nisejōhō) (alt: にせじょうほう) (Japanese), 誤報 (gohō) (alt: ごほう) (Japanese), дезинформация (dezinformasiä) (Kazakh), ព័ត៌មានមិនពិត (pɔədɑɑmiən mɨn pɨt) (Khmer), 역정보 (yeokjeongbo) (alt: 逆情報) (Korean), 오보 (obo) (alt: 誤報) (Korean), дезинформация (dezinformatsiya) (Kyrgyz), dezinformācija [feminine] (Latvian), dezinformacija [feminine] (Lithuanian), дезинформација (dezinformacija) [feminine] (Macedonian), maklumat palsu (Malay), desinformasjon [masculine] (Norwegian Bokmål), desinformasjon [masculine] (Norwegian Nynorsk), دروغرسانی (dorôğ-resâni) (Persian), دروغپراکنی (dorôğ-parâkani) (Persian), dezinformacja [feminine] (Polish), desinformação [feminine] (Portuguese), dezinformație [feminine] (Romanian), dezinformare [feminine] (Romanian), дезинформа́ция (dezinformácija) [feminine] (Russian), де́за (déza) [colloquial, feminine] (Russian), дезинформа́ција [Cyrillic, feminine] (Serbo-Croatian), dezinformácija [Roman, feminine] (Serbo-Croatian), dezinformácia [feminine] (Slovak), dezinformácija [feminine] (Slovene), desinformación [feminine] (Spanish), desinformation [common-gender] (Swedish), маълумоти дурӯғ (maʾlumoti durüġ) (Tajik), dezenformasyon (Turkish), dezinformasiýa (Turkmen), дезінформа́ція (dezinformácija) [feminine] (Ukrainian), дезінформува́ння (dezinformuvánnja) [neuter] (Ukrainian), dezinformatsiya (Uzbek)
    Sense id: en-disinformation-en-verb-3Smi7U4f

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for disinformation meaning in English (14.2kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "dis",
        "3": "information"
      },
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      "args": {
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        "2": "ru",
        "3": "дезинформа́ция",
        "notext": "1"
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      "expansion": "Russian дезинформа́ция (dezinformácija)",
      "name": "cal"
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    {
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        "2": "",
        "3": "disinformation"
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        "2": "dezinformatsiya"
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      "expansion": "Doublet of dezinformatsiya",
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    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Composed of dis- + information, a calque of Russian дезинформа́ция (dezinformácija), a word coined by Joseph Stalin c. 1923 (see the Wikipedia article). Attested in this sense in English from 1939. A morphologically-identical \"disinformation\" occurred earlier as a simple synonym of misinformation. Doublet of dezinformatsiya, an unadapted borrowing from Russian.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "disinformations",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-",
        "2": "s"
      },
      "expansion": "disinformation (usually uncountable, plural disinformations)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "False information intentionally disseminated to deliberately confuse or mislead; intentional misinformation."
      ],
      "id": "en-disinformation-en-noun-lBQlf8nU",
      "links": [
        [
          "disseminate",
          "disseminate"
        ],
        [
          "confuse",
          "confuse"
        ],
        [
          "mislead",
          "mislead"
        ],
        [
          "misinformation",
          "misinformation"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "33 49 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 41 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms prefixed with dis-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Fabricated or deliberately manipulated content. Intentionally created conspiracy theories or rumors."
      ],
      "id": "en-disinformation-en-noun-7oFSJ~d0",
      "links": [
        [
          "Fabricated",
          "fabricate"
        ],
        [
          "deliberate",
          "deliberate"
        ],
        [
          "Intentionally",
          "intentional"
        ],
        [
          "conspiracy",
          "conspiracy"
        ],
        [
          "rumors",
          "rumors"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌdɪsɪnfəˈmeɪʃ(ə)n/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/dɪsˌɪnfɚˈmeɪʃən/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-eɪʃən"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-disinformation.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/En-au-disinformation.ogg/En-au-disinformation.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/En-au-disinformation.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
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      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "disinformation"
  ],
  "word": "disinformation"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
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      "args": {
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      "expansion": "dis- + information",
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      "args": {
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      "name": "cal"
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    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "",
        "3": "disinformation"
      },
      "expansion": "disinformation",
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    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "misinformation"
      },
      "expansion": "misinformation",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "dezinformatsiya"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of dezinformatsiya",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Composed of dis- + information, a calque of Russian дезинформа́ция (dezinformácija), a word coined by Joseph Stalin c. 1923 (see the Wikipedia article). Attested in this sense in English from 1939. A morphologically-identical \"disinformation\" occurred earlier as a simple synonym of misinformation. Doublet of dezinformatsiya, an unadapted borrowing from Russian.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "disinformations",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "disinformationing",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "disinformationed",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "disinformationed",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
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  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
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      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "A country cannot disinformation its way out of fallen soldiers.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To use disinformation."
      ],
      "id": "en-disinformation-en-verb-3Smi7U4f",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To use disinformation."
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "dezinformatsiya"
        },
        {
          "word": "disinform"
        },
        {
          "word": "malinformation"
        },
        {
          "word": "misinformation"
        },
        {
          "word": "propaganda"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "sq",
          "lang": "Albanian",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "dezinformacion"
        },
        {
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "maʕlūmāt muḍallila",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "plural"
          ],
          "word": "مَعْلُومَات مُضَلِّلَة"
        },
        {
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "apateġekatvutʿyun",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "word": "ապատեղեկատվություն"
        },
        {
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "word": "dezinformasiya"
        },
        {
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "dezinfarmácyja",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "дэзінфарма́цыя"
        },
        {
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "dezynfarmácyja",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "дэзынфарма́цыя"
        },
        {
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "dezinformácija",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "дезинформа́ция"
        },
        {
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "desinformació"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "word": "假情報"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "jiǎqíngbào",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "word": "假情报"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "word": "訛傳"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "échuán",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "word": "讹传"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "word": "謊報"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "huǎngbào",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "word": "谎报"
        },
        {
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "dezinformace"
        },
        {
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "misinformation"
        },
        {
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "desinformatie"
        },
        {
          "code": "et",
          "lang": "Estonian",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "word": "desinformatsioon"
        },
        {
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "word": "disinformaatio"
        },
        {
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "word": "harhatiedotus"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "désinformation"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "mésinformation"
        },
        {
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "dezinpormacia",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "word": "დეზინფორმაცია"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Desinformation"
        },
        {
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "paraplirofórisi",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "παραπληροφόρηση"
        },
        {
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "disinformátsya",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "דִּיסְאִינְפוֹרְמַצְיָה"
        },
        {
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "dussūcnā",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "दुस्सूचना"
        },
        {
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "word": "dezinformáció"
        },
        {
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "word": "félrevezetés"
        },
        {
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "bréagaisnéis"
        },
        {
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "bréageolas"
        },
        {
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "disinformazione"
        },
        {
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "controinformazione"
        },
        {
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "misinformazione"
        },
        {
          "alt": "にせじょうほう",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "nisejōhō",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "word": "偽情報"
        },
        {
          "alt": "ごほう",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "gohō",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "word": "誤報"
        },
        {
          "code": "kk",
          "lang": "Kazakh",
          "roman": "dezinformasiä",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "word": "дезинформация"
        },
        {
          "code": "km",
          "lang": "Khmer",
          "roman": "pɔədɑɑmiən mɨn pɨt",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "word": "ព័ត៌មានមិនពិត"
        },
        {
          "alt": "逆情報",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "yeokjeongbo",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "word": "역정보"
        },
        {
          "alt": "誤報",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "obo",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "word": "오보"
        },
        {
          "code": "ky",
          "lang": "Kyrgyz",
          "roman": "dezinformatsiya",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "word": "дезинформация"
        },
        {
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "dezinformācija"
        },
        {
          "code": "lt",
          "lang": "Lithuanian",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "dezinformacija"
        },
        {
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "dezinformacija",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "дезинформација"
        },
        {
          "code": "ms",
          "lang": "Malay",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "word": "maklumat palsu"
        },
        {
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "desinformasjon"
        },
        {
          "code": "nn",
          "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "desinformasjon"
        },
        {
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "dorôğ-resâni",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "word": "دروغرسانی"
        },
        {
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "dorôğ-parâkani",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "word": "دروغپراکنی"
        },
        {
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "dezinformacja"
        },
        {
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "desinformação"
        },
        {
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "dezinformație"
        },
        {
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "dezinformare"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "dezinformácija",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "дезинформа́ция"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "déza",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "tags": [
            "colloquial",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "де́за"
        },
        {
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "дезинформа́ција"
        },
        {
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "tags": [
            "Roman",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "dezinformácija"
        },
        {
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "dezinformácia"
        },
        {
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "dezinformácija"
        },
        {
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "desinformación"
        },
        {
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "desinformation"
        },
        {
          "code": "tg",
          "lang": "Tajik",
          "roman": "maʾlumoti durüġ",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "word": "маълумоти дурӯғ"
        },
        {
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "word": "dezenformasyon"
        },
        {
          "code": "tk",
          "lang": "Turkmen",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "word": "dezinformasiýa"
        },
        {
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "dezinformácija",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "дезінформа́ція"
        },
        {
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "dezinformuvánnja",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "дезінформува́ння"
        },
        {
          "code": "uz",
          "lang": "Uzbek",
          "sense": "intentionally false information",
          "word": "dezinformatsiya"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌdɪsɪnfəˈmeɪʃ(ə)n/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/dɪsˌɪnfɚˈmeɪʃən/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-eɪʃən"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-disinformation.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/En-au-disinformation.ogg/En-au-disinformation.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/En-au-disinformation.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "disinformation"
  ],
  "word": "disinformation"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 5-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English doublets",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms calqued from Russian",
    "English terms derived from Russian",
    "English terms prefixed with dis-",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/eɪʃən",
    "Rhymes:English/eɪʃən/5 syllables"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "dis",
        "3": "information"
      },
      "expansion": "dis- + information",
      "name": "prefix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ru",
        "3": "дезинформа́ция",
        "notext": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian дезинформа́ция (dezinformácija)",
      "name": "cal"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "",
        "3": "disinformation"
      },
      "expansion": "disinformation",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "misinformation"
      },
      "expansion": "misinformation",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "dezinformatsiya"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of dezinformatsiya",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Composed of dis- + information, a calque of Russian дезинформа́ция (dezinformácija), a word coined by Joseph Stalin c. 1923 (see the Wikipedia article). Attested in this sense in English from 1939. A morphologically-identical \"disinformation\" occurred earlier as a simple synonym of misinformation. Doublet of dezinformatsiya, an unadapted borrowing from Russian.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "disinformations",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-",
        "2": "s"
      },
      "expansion": "disinformation (usually uncountable, plural disinformations)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "False information intentionally disseminated to deliberately confuse or mislead; intentional misinformation."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "disseminate",
          "disseminate"
        ],
        [
          "confuse",
          "confuse"
        ],
        [
          "mislead",
          "mislead"
        ],
        [
          "misinformation",
          "misinformation"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Fabricated or deliberately manipulated content. Intentionally created conspiracy theories or rumors."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Fabricated",
          "fabricate"
        ],
        [
          "deliberate",
          "deliberate"
        ],
        [
          "Intentionally",
          "intentional"
        ],
        [
          "conspiracy",
          "conspiracy"
        ],
        [
          "rumors",
          "rumors"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌdɪsɪnfəˈmeɪʃ(ə)n/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/dɪsˌɪnfɚˈmeɪʃən/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-eɪʃən"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-disinformation.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/En-au-disinformation.ogg/En-au-disinformation.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/En-au-disinformation.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "disinformation"
  ],
  "word": "disinformation"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 5-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English doublets",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms calqued from Russian",
    "English terms derived from Russian",
    "English terms prefixed with dis-",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/eɪʃən",
    "Rhymes:English/eɪʃən/5 syllables"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "dis",
        "3": "information"
      },
      "expansion": "dis- + information",
      "name": "prefix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ru",
        "3": "дезинформа́ция",
        "notext": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian дезинформа́ция (dezinformácija)",
      "name": "cal"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "",
        "3": "disinformation"
      },
      "expansion": "disinformation",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "misinformation"
      },
      "expansion": "misinformation",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "dezinformatsiya"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of dezinformatsiya",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Composed of dis- + information, a calque of Russian дезинформа́ция (dezinformácija), a word coined by Joseph Stalin c. 1923 (see the Wikipedia article). Attested in this sense in English from 1939. A morphologically-identical \"disinformation\" occurred earlier as a simple synonym of misinformation. Doublet of dezinformatsiya, an unadapted borrowing from Russian.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "disinformations",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "disinformationing",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "disinformationed",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "disinformationed",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "disinformation (third-person singular simple present disinformations, present participle disinformationing, simple past and past participle disinformationed)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "dezinformatsiya"
    },
    {
      "word": "disinform"
    },
    {
      "word": "malinformation"
    },
    {
      "word": "misinformation"
    },
    {
      "word": "propaganda"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "A country cannot disinformation its way out of fallen soldiers.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To use disinformation."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To use disinformation."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌdɪsɪnfəˈmeɪʃ(ə)n/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/dɪsˌɪnfɚˈmeɪʃən/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-eɪʃən"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-disinformation.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/En-au-disinformation.ogg/En-au-disinformation.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/En-au-disinformation.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "sq",
      "lang": "Albanian",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "dezinformacion"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "maʕlūmāt muḍallila",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ],
      "word": "مَعْلُومَات مُضَلِّلَة"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "apateġekatvutʿyun",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "word": "ապատեղեկատվություն"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "word": "dezinformasiya"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "dezinfarmácyja",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "дэзінфарма́цыя"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "dezynfarmácyja",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "дэзынфарма́цыя"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "dezinformácija",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "дезинформа́ция"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "desinformació"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "word": "假情報"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "jiǎqíngbào",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "word": "假情报"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "word": "訛傳"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "échuán",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "word": "讹传"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "word": "謊報"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "huǎngbào",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "word": "谎报"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "dezinformace"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "misinformation"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "desinformatie"
    },
    {
      "code": "et",
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "word": "desinformatsioon"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "word": "disinformaatio"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "word": "harhatiedotus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "désinformation"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "mésinformation"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "dezinpormacia",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "word": "დეზინფორმაცია"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Desinformation"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "paraplirofórisi",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "παραπληροφόρηση"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "disinformátsya",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "דִּיסְאִינְפוֹרְמַצְיָה"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "dussūcnā",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "दुस्सूचना"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "word": "dezinformáció"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "word": "félrevezetés"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "bréagaisnéis"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "bréageolas"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "disinformazione"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "controinformazione"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "misinformazione"
    },
    {
      "alt": "にせじょうほう",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "nisejōhō",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "word": "偽情報"
    },
    {
      "alt": "ごほう",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "gohō",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "word": "誤報"
    },
    {
      "code": "kk",
      "lang": "Kazakh",
      "roman": "dezinformasiä",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "word": "дезинформация"
    },
    {
      "code": "km",
      "lang": "Khmer",
      "roman": "pɔədɑɑmiən mɨn pɨt",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "word": "ព័ត៌មានមិនពិត"
    },
    {
      "alt": "逆情報",
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "yeokjeongbo",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "word": "역정보"
    },
    {
      "alt": "誤報",
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "obo",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "word": "오보"
    },
    {
      "code": "ky",
      "lang": "Kyrgyz",
      "roman": "dezinformatsiya",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "word": "дезинформация"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "dezinformācija"
    },
    {
      "code": "lt",
      "lang": "Lithuanian",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "dezinformacija"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "dezinformacija",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "дезинформација"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "word": "maklumat palsu"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "desinformasjon"
    },
    {
      "code": "nn",
      "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "desinformasjon"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "dorôğ-resâni",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "word": "دروغرسانی"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "dorôğ-parâkani",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "word": "دروغپراکنی"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "dezinformacja"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "desinformação"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "dezinformație"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "dezinformare"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "dezinformácija",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "дезинформа́ция"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "déza",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "де́за"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "дезинформа́ција"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "dezinformácija"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "dezinformácia"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "dezinformácija"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "desinformación"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "desinformation"
    },
    {
      "code": "tg",
      "lang": "Tajik",
      "roman": "maʾlumoti durüġ",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "word": "маълумоти дурӯғ"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "word": "dezenformasyon"
    },
    {
      "code": "tk",
      "lang": "Turkmen",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "word": "dezinformasiýa"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "dezinformácija",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "дезінформа́ція"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "dezinformuvánnja",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "дезінформува́ння"
    },
    {
      "code": "uz",
      "lang": "Uzbek",
      "sense": "intentionally false information",
      "word": "dezinformatsiya"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "disinformation"
  ],
  "word": "disinformation"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.