See dichotomy in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{ "derived": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "dichomatic" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "dichotomic" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "dichotomically" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "dichotomise" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "dichotomism" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "dichotomist" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "dichotomization" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "dichotomize" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "dichotomous" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "false dichotomy" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "Ousterhout's dichotomy" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "subdichotomy" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "grc", "3": "διχοτομία", "4": "", "5": "dichotomy" }, "expansion": "Ancient Greek διχοτομία (dikhotomía, “dichotomy”)", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek διχοτομία (dikhotomía, “dichotomy”).", "forms": [ { "form": "dichotomies", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "~" }, "expansion": "dichotomy (countable and uncountable, plural dichotomies)", "name": "en-noun" } ], "hyphenation": [ "di‧cho‧to‧my" ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "related": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "trichotomy" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "polytomy" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "bifurcation" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "bisection" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "discretization" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "duality" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "law of the excluded middle" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "partition" } ], "senses": [ { "categories": [], "examples": [ { "ref": "1989, Carole Pateman, 6: Feminist Critiques of the Public/Private Dichotomy: The Disorder of Women: Democracy, Feminism, and Political Theory, page 118:", "text": "The dichotomy between the private and the public is central to almost two centuries of feminist writing and political struggle; it is, ultimately, what the feminist movement is all about. Although some feminists treat the dichotomy as a universal, trans-historical and trans-cultural feature of human existence, feminist criticism is primarily directed at the separation and opposition between the public and private spheres in liberal theory and practice.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "2003, Thérèse Encrenaz et al., “The Solar System”, in Storm Dunlop, transl., Système Solaire, page 232:", "text": "The dichotomy between maria and highlands dominates lunar mineralogy.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "2005, S. P. Naidu, Public Administration: Concepts And Theories, page 55:", "text": "Despite some contradictions found in the essay, its major emphasis is laid on the politics-administration dichotomy theory. It is largely devoted to the argument concerning the separability of politics and administration. The politics-administration dichotomy initiated by Wilson was later elaborated by Frank J. Goodnow in his work, “Politics and Administration” (1900).", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "2008, N. Gregory Mankiw, Principles of Economics, 6th edition, page 723:", "text": "All of this previous analysis was based on two related ideas: the classical dichotomy and monetary neutrality. Recall that the classical dichotomy is the separation of variables into real variables (those that measure quantities or relative prices) and nominal variables (those measured in terms of money).", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "A separation or division into two; a distinction that results in such a division." ], "id": "en-dichotomy-en-noun-S9cztamX", "links": [ [ "division", "division" ], [ "distinction", "distinction" ] ], "synonyms": [ { "_dis1": "61 3 12 15 0 9", "sense": "separation or division into two", "word": "bisection" } ], "tags": [ "countable", "uncountable" ], "translations": [ { "_dis1": "61 3 12 15 0 9", "code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "erkatum", "sense": "separation or division into two", "word": "երկատում" }, { "_dis1": "61 3 12 15 0 9", "code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "dyxatamíja", "sense": "separation or division into two", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "дыхатамі́я" }, { "_dis1": "61 3 12 15 0 9", "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "razpolovjavane", "sense": "separation or division into two", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "разполовяване" }, { "_dis1": "61 3 12 15 0 9", "code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "separation or division into two", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "dicotomia" }, { "_dis1": "61 3 12 15 0 9", "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "èrfēnfǎ", "sense": "separation or division into two", "word": "二分法" }, { "_dis1": "61 3 12 15 0 9", "code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "separation or division into two", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "dichotomie" }, { "_dis1": "61 3 12 15 0 9", "code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "separation or division into two", "tags": [ "common-gender" ], "word": "dikotomi" }, { "_dis1": "61 3 12 15 0 9", "code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "separation or division into two", "word": "opdeling i to modsætninger" }, { "_dis1": "61 3 12 15 0 9", "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "separation or division into two", "word": "dichotomie" }, { "_dis1": "61 3 12 15 0 9", "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "separation or division into two", "word": "tweedeling" }, { "_dis1": "61 3 12 15 0 9", "code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "separation or division into two", "word": "diĥotomio" }, { "_dis1": "61 3 12 15 0 9", "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "separation or division into two", "word": "kahtiajako" }, { "_dis1": "61 3 12 15 0 9", "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "separation or division into two", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "dichotomie" }, { "_dis1": "61 3 12 15 0 9", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "separation or division into two", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Dichotomie" }, { "_dis1": "61 3 12 15 0 9", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "separation or division into two", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Zweiteilung" }, { "_dis1": "61 3 12 15 0 9", "code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "dichotómisi", "sense": "separation or division into two", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "διχοτόμηση" }, { "_dis1": "61 3 12 15 0 9", "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "separation or division into two", "word": "kettéosztás" }, { "_dis1": "61 3 12 15 0 9", "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "separation or division into two", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "dicotomia" }, { "_dis1": "61 3 12 15 0 9", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "nibunhō", "sense": "separation or division into two", "word": "二分法" }, { "_dis1": "61 3 12 15 0 9", "alt": "二分法", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ibunbeop", "sense": "separation or division into two", "word": "이분법" }, { "_dis1": "61 3 12 15 0 9", "code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "separation or division into two", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "dikotomi" }, { "_dis1": "61 3 12 15 0 9", "code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "separation or division into two", "tags": [ "feminine", "masculine" ], "word": "todeling" }, { "_dis1": "61 3 12 15 0 9", "code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "separation or division into two", "word": "dicotomia" }, { "_dis1": "61 3 12 15 0 9", "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "separation or division into two", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "dychotomia" }, { "_dis1": "61 3 12 15 0 9", "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "separation or division into two", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "dicotomia" }, { "_dis1": "61 3 12 15 0 9", "code": "pa", "lang": "Punjabi", "roman": "pāṛā", "sense": "separation or division into two", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "ਪਾੜਾ" }, { "_dis1": "61 3 12 15 0 9", "code": "pa", "lang": "Punjabi", "roman": "dupheṛ", "sense": "separation or division into two", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "ਦੁਫੇੜ" }, { "_dis1": "61 3 12 15 0 9", "code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "separation or division into two", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "dihotomie" }, { "_dis1": "61 3 12 15 0 9", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "dixotomíja", "sense": "separation or division into two", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "дихотоми́я" }, { "_dis1": "61 3 12 15 0 9", "code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "separation or division into two", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "dà-fhillteachd" }, { "_dis1": "61 3 12 15 0 9", "code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "separation or division into two", "word": "dvodioba" }, { "_dis1": "61 3 12 15 0 9", "code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "separation or division into two", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "dihotomija" }, { "_dis1": "61 3 12 15 0 9", "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "separation or division into two", "word": "dicotomía" }, { "_dis1": "61 3 12 15 0 9", "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "separation or division into two", "tags": [ "common-gender" ], "word": "tudelning" }, { "_dis1": "61 3 12 15 0 9", "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "separation or division into two", "tags": [ "common-gender" ], "word": "dikotomi" }, { "_dis1": "61 3 12 15 0 9", "code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "separation or division into two", "word": "diktomi" }, { "_dis1": "61 3 12 15 0 9", "code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "separation or division into two", "word": "çatallanma" }, { "_dis1": "61 3 12 15 0 9", "code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "dyxotomíja", "sense": "separation or division into two", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "дихотомі́я" } ] }, { "categories": [], "examples": [ { "ref": "2013 November 11, Stephen M. Kosslyn, G. Wayne Miller, “How the Brain Creates Personality: A New Theory”, in The Atlantic:", "text": "But we do not try to characterize the top and bottom parts of the brain in terms of a simple dichotomy or set of dichotomies, which was exactly what was done with the existing and well-known division of the brain into two halves: namely the left versus the right, the dominant pop-culture brain story of the last few decades. […] The differences between the left and right sides of the brain are nuanced, and simple, sweeping dichotomies do not in fact explain how the two sides function.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "Such a division involving apparently incompatible or opposite principles; a duality." ], "id": "en-dichotomy-en-noun-w-EIoaOp", "links": [ [ "incompatible", "incompatible" ], [ "opposite", "opposite" ], [ "duality", "duality" ] ], "tags": [ "countable", "uncountable" ] }, { "categories": [ { "kind": "topical", "langcode": "en", "name": "Logic", "orig": "en:Logic", "parents": [ "Formal sciences", "Philosophy", "Sciences", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w" } ], "examples": [ { "ref": "2011, Patrick J. Hurley, A Concise Introduction to Logic, page 162:", "text": "But in the fallacy of false dichotomy, not only do the two alternatives fail to be jointly exhaustive, but they are not even likely. As a result, the disjunctive premise is false, or at least probably false.", "type": "quote" }, { "text": "2011, Tomasz A. Gorarzd, Jacek Krzaczkowski, The Complexity of Problems Connected with Two-Element Algebras, Paweł M. Idziak, Andrzej Wronski, Reports on Mathematical Logic: No. 46, page 92,\nOne can ask if for any algebra the considered problem is always in P or NP-complete (P or coNP-complete)? For example, the problem of the satisfiability of a system of polynomial equations over a group G is in P if G is abelian and NP-complete otherwise ([7, 13]).\nOne of the most widely known subclasses of NP which exhibits such a dichotomy, is the class of constraint satisfaction problems (CSP) on the set {0,1}, see [16]. Recently Bulatov proved the dichotomy for CSP on a three-element set [3]." } ], "glosses": [ "The division of a class into two disjoint subclasses that are together comprehensive, as the division of human into female and male." ], "id": "en-dichotomy-en-noun-hQkLNydJ", "links": [ [ "logic", "logic" ], [ "class", "class" ], [ "disjoint", "disjoint" ], [ "subclass", "subclass" ], [ "comprehensive", "comprehensive" ], [ "human", "human" ], [ "female", "female" ], [ "male", "male" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(logic) The division of a class into two disjoint subclasses that are together comprehensive, as the division of human into female and male." ], "tags": [ "countable", "uncountable" ], "topics": [ "human-sciences", "logic", "mathematics", "philosophy", "sciences" ], "translations": [ { "_dis1": "11 3 60 16 1 9", "code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "logic: division of a class into two disjoint subclasses that are together comprehensive", "tags": [ "common-gender" ], "word": "dikotomi" }, { "_dis1": "11 3 60 16 1 9", "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "logic: division of a class into two disjoint subclasses that are together comprehensive", "word": "dikotomia" }, { "_dis1": "11 3 60 16 1 9", "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "logic: division of a class into two disjoint subclasses that are together comprehensive", "word": "kahtiajako" }, { "_dis1": "11 3 60 16 1 9", "code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "logic: division of a class into two disjoint subclasses that are together comprehensive", "tags": [ "feminine", "masculine" ], "word": "dikotomi" }, { "_dis1": "11 3 60 16 1 9", "code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "logic: division of a class into two disjoint subclasses that are together comprehensive", "word": "dicotomia" } ] }, { "categories": [ { "kind": "topical", "langcode": "en", "name": "Biology", "orig": "en:Biology", "parents": [ "Sciences", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "topical", "langcode": "en", "name": "Taxonomy", "orig": "en:Taxonomy", "parents": [ "Biology", "Evolutionary theory", "Sciences", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w" }, { "_dis": "5 21 9 28 19 19", "kind": "other", "name": "English entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "5 18 8 39 15 15", "kind": "other", "name": "Entries with translation boxes", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "4 19 9 37 16 15", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 1 entry", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "3 21 4 40 18 14", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "4 16 10 44 15 11", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Armenian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "4 14 11 47 13 12", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Belarusian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "4 14 10 48 13 12", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "4 14 10 46 13 12", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Catalan translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "3 13 15 44 12 12", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Czech translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "2 12 7 59 11 9", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Danish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "5 14 9 47 12 13", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Dutch translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "4 14 7 50 12 12", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Esperanto translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "4 14 10 46 13 12", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Finnish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "4 14 8 50 12 12", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with French translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "4 14 8 46 14 13", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with German translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "9 12 9 42 11 16", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Greek translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "8 13 10 41 13 15", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Hungarian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "4 14 7 51 12 12", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Italian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "4 14 7 51 12 12", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Japanese translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "4 14 10 46 13 12", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Korean translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "5 12 9 41 14 18", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Mandarin translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "4 14 11 45 14 12", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "1 13 5 61 12 9", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "4 15 8 45 15 12", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Occitan translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "4 12 15 43 11 15", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Polish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "3 16 10 43 15 14", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Portuguese translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "4 14 10 46 13 12", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Punjabi translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "4 14 10 46 13 12", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Romanian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "4 14 7 51 12 12", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Russian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "4 14 11 46 13 12", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "4 16 9 44 15 11", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "3 14 8 54 11 11", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Spanish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "3 14 10 48 13 12", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Swedish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "3 14 10 48 13 12", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Turkish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "4 14 10 46 13 12", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "14 13 12 38 5 18", "kind": "topical", "langcode": "en", "name": "Two", "orig": "en:Two", "parents": [ "Numbers", "All topics", "Terms by semantic function", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "The division of a genus into two species; a division into two subordinate parts." ], "id": "en-dichotomy-en-noun-7HuTdytZ", "links": [ [ "biology", "biology" ], [ "taxonomy", "taxonomy" ], [ "genus", "genus" ], [ "species", "species" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(biology, taxonomy) The division of a genus into two species; a division into two subordinate parts." ], "synonyms": [ { "_dis1": "21 6 18 32 2 21", "sense": "division into parts", "word": "partition" }, { "_dis1": "21 6 18 32 2 21", "sense": "division into parts", "word": "trichotomy" } ], "tags": [ "countable", "uncountable" ], "topics": [ "biology", "natural-sciences", "taxonomy" ], "translations": [ { "_dis1": "18 4 14 47 2 15", "code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "taxonomy: division into two subordinate parts", "tags": [ "common-gender" ], "word": "dikotomi" }, { "_dis1": "18 4 14 47 2 15", "code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "taxonomy: division into two subordinate parts", "tags": [ "common-gender" ], "word": "opdeling" }, { "_dis1": "18 4 14 47 2 15", "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "taxonomy: division into two subordinate parts", "word": "kahtiajako" }, { "_dis1": "18 4 14 47 2 15", "code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "taxonomy: division into two subordinate parts", "word": "dicotomia" } ] }, { "categories": [ { "kind": "topical", "langcode": "en", "name": "Astronomy", "orig": "en:Astronomy", "parents": [ "Sciences", "Space", "All topics", "Nature", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w" } ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1854, Edward Greswell, Origines Kalendariæ Italicæ: Tables of the Roman Calendar, volume 1, page 261:", "text": "The Ides of Januarius indeed, the preceding month, must have fallen on March 1 at midnight, two days before the first dichotomy of the mean new moon of that month, March 3 at midnight.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "A phase of the moon when it appears half lit and half dark, for example at the quadratures." ], "id": "en-dichotomy-en-noun-wGF2j3zD", "links": [ [ "astronomy", "astronomy" ], [ "phase", "phase" ], [ "moon", "moon" ], [ "quadrature", "quadrature" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(astronomy) A phase of the moon when it appears half lit and half dark, for example at the quadratures." ], "tags": [ "countable", "uncountable" ], "topics": [ "astronomy", "natural-sciences" ], "translations": [ { "_dis1": "1 2 5 6 83 3", "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "astronomy: phase of the moon", "word": "puolikuu" }, { "_dis1": "1 2 5 6 83 3", "code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "astronomy: phase of the moon", "word": "dicotomia" } ] }, { "categories": [ { "kind": "topical", "langcode": "en", "name": "Botany", "orig": "en:Botany", "parents": [ "Biology", "Sciences", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w" } ], "examples": [ { "text": "1969, J. F. Rigby, Permian Sphenopsids from Antarctica, Geological Survey Professional Paper 613-F, page F-9,\nIn one forked leaf there is a distinct vein dichotomy, and the leaf boundary commences 1.5 mm above the dichotomy." }, { "ref": "2010, V. Singh, P. C. Pande, D. K. Jain, Text Book Of Botany: Diversity Of Microbes And Cryptogams, 4th edition, page 511:", "text": "In most of the creeping species with dorsiventral stems (e.g., S. kraussiana, S. laevigata) roots arise at or close to the point of dichotomy; in species like S. rupestris and S. wallichii they arise at the point of dichotomy as well as other positions and in S. selaginoides and S. spinulosa they arise from knot like swellings present at the basal portion of the stem.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "Division and subdivision; bifurcation, such as that of a stem of a plant or a vein of the body into two parts as it proceeds from its origin; often successive." ], "id": "en-dichotomy-en-noun-en:botany", "links": [ [ "botany", "botany" ], [ "bifurcation", "bifurcation" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(botany) Division and subdivision; bifurcation, such as that of a stem of a plant or a vein of the body into two parts as it proceeds from its origin; often successive." ], "senseid": [ "en:botany" ], "tags": [ "countable", "uncountable" ], "topics": [ "biology", "botany", "natural-sciences" ], "translations": [ { "_dis1": "8 7 6 21 4 54", "code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "biology: bifurcation in a stem or vein", "tags": [ "common-gender" ], "word": "dikotomi" }, { "_dis1": "8 7 6 21 4 54", "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "biology: bifurcation in a stem or vein", "word": "dikotomia" }, { "_dis1": "8 7 6 21 4 54", "code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "biology: bifurcation in a stem or vein", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "dikotomi" }, { "_dis1": "8 7 6 21 4 54", "code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "biology: bifurcation in a stem or vein", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "dikotomi" }, { "_dis1": "8 7 6 21 4 54", "code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "biology: bifurcation in a stem or vein", "word": "dicotomia" } ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/daɪˈkɒtəmi/", "tags": [ "Received-Pronunciation" ] }, { "ipa": "/dɪ-/", "tags": [ "Received-Pronunciation" ] }, { "ipa": "/daɪˈkɑtəmi/", "tags": [ "General-American" ] }, { "ipa": "[-ɾə-]", "tags": [ "General-American" ] }, { "audio": "en-us-dichotomy.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/En-us-dichotomy.ogg/En-us-dichotomy.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/En-us-dichotomy.ogg", "tags": [ "General-American" ], "text": "Audio (GA)" }, { "audio": "en-au-dichotomy.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fe/En-au-dichotomy.ogg/En-au-dichotomy.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/En-au-dichotomy.ogg", "tags": [ "Australia" ], "text": "Audio (AU)" }, { "rhymes": "-ɒtəmi" } ], "wikipedia": [ "dichotomy" ], "word": "dichotomy" }
{ "categories": [ "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Ancient Greek", "English uncountable nouns", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ɒtəmi", "Rhymes:English/ɒtəmi/4 syllables", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Punjabi translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "en:Two" ], "derived": [ { "word": "dichomatic" }, { "word": "dichotomic" }, { "word": "dichotomically" }, { "word": "dichotomise" }, { "word": "dichotomism" }, { "word": "dichotomist" }, { "word": "dichotomization" }, { "word": "dichotomize" }, { "word": "dichotomous" }, { "word": "false dichotomy" }, { "word": "Ousterhout's dichotomy" }, { "word": "subdichotomy" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "grc", "3": "διχοτομία", "4": "", "5": "dichotomy" }, "expansion": "Ancient Greek διχοτομία (dikhotomía, “dichotomy”)", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek διχοτομία (dikhotomía, “dichotomy”).", "forms": [ { "form": "dichotomies", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "~" }, "expansion": "dichotomy (countable and uncountable, plural dichotomies)", "name": "en-noun" } ], "hyphenation": [ "di‧cho‧to‧my" ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "related": [ { "word": "trichotomy" }, { "word": "polytomy" }, { "word": "bifurcation" }, { "word": "bisection" }, { "word": "discretization" }, { "word": "duality" }, { "word": "law of the excluded middle" }, { "word": "partition" } ], "senses": [ { "categories": [ "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned" ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1989, Carole Pateman, 6: Feminist Critiques of the Public/Private Dichotomy: The Disorder of Women: Democracy, Feminism, and Political Theory, page 118:", "text": "The dichotomy between the private and the public is central to almost two centuries of feminist writing and political struggle; it is, ultimately, what the feminist movement is all about. Although some feminists treat the dichotomy as a universal, trans-historical and trans-cultural feature of human existence, feminist criticism is primarily directed at the separation and opposition between the public and private spheres in liberal theory and practice.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "2003, Thérèse Encrenaz et al., “The Solar System”, in Storm Dunlop, transl., Système Solaire, page 232:", "text": "The dichotomy between maria and highlands dominates lunar mineralogy.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "2005, S. P. Naidu, Public Administration: Concepts And Theories, page 55:", "text": "Despite some contradictions found in the essay, its major emphasis is laid on the politics-administration dichotomy theory. It is largely devoted to the argument concerning the separability of politics and administration. The politics-administration dichotomy initiated by Wilson was later elaborated by Frank J. Goodnow in his work, “Politics and Administration” (1900).", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "2008, N. Gregory Mankiw, Principles of Economics, 6th edition, page 723:", "text": "All of this previous analysis was based on two related ideas: the classical dichotomy and monetary neutrality. Recall that the classical dichotomy is the separation of variables into real variables (those that measure quantities or relative prices) and nominal variables (those measured in terms of money).", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "A separation or division into two; a distinction that results in such a division." ], "links": [ [ "division", "division" ], [ "distinction", "distinction" ] ], "tags": [ "countable", "uncountable" ] }, { "categories": [ "English terms with quotations" ], "examples": [ { "ref": "2013 November 11, Stephen M. Kosslyn, G. Wayne Miller, “How the Brain Creates Personality: A New Theory”, in The Atlantic:", "text": "But we do not try to characterize the top and bottom parts of the brain in terms of a simple dichotomy or set of dichotomies, which was exactly what was done with the existing and well-known division of the brain into two halves: namely the left versus the right, the dominant pop-culture brain story of the last few decades. […] The differences between the left and right sides of the brain are nuanced, and simple, sweeping dichotomies do not in fact explain how the two sides function.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "Such a division involving apparently incompatible or opposite principles; a duality." ], "links": [ [ "incompatible", "incompatible" ], [ "opposite", "opposite" ], [ "duality", "duality" ] ], "tags": [ "countable", "uncountable" ] }, { "categories": [ "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned", "en:Logic" ], "examples": [ { "ref": "2011, Patrick J. Hurley, A Concise Introduction to Logic, page 162:", "text": "But in the fallacy of false dichotomy, not only do the two alternatives fail to be jointly exhaustive, but they are not even likely. As a result, the disjunctive premise is false, or at least probably false.", "type": "quote" }, { "text": "2011, Tomasz A. Gorarzd, Jacek Krzaczkowski, The Complexity of Problems Connected with Two-Element Algebras, Paweł M. Idziak, Andrzej Wronski, Reports on Mathematical Logic: No. 46, page 92,\nOne can ask if for any algebra the considered problem is always in P or NP-complete (P or coNP-complete)? For example, the problem of the satisfiability of a system of polynomial equations over a group G is in P if G is abelian and NP-complete otherwise ([7, 13]).\nOne of the most widely known subclasses of NP which exhibits such a dichotomy, is the class of constraint satisfaction problems (CSP) on the set {0,1}, see [16]. Recently Bulatov proved the dichotomy for CSP on a three-element set [3]." } ], "glosses": [ "The division of a class into two disjoint subclasses that are together comprehensive, as the division of human into female and male." ], "links": [ [ "logic", "logic" ], [ "class", "class" ], [ "disjoint", "disjoint" ], [ "subclass", "subclass" ], [ "comprehensive", "comprehensive" ], [ "human", "human" ], [ "female", "female" ], [ "male", "male" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(logic) The division of a class into two disjoint subclasses that are together comprehensive, as the division of human into female and male." ], "tags": [ "countable", "uncountable" ], "topics": [ "human-sciences", "logic", "mathematics", "philosophy", "sciences" ] }, { "categories": [ "en:Biology", "en:Taxonomy" ], "glosses": [ "The division of a genus into two species; a division into two subordinate parts." ], "links": [ [ "biology", "biology" ], [ "taxonomy", "taxonomy" ], [ "genus", "genus" ], [ "species", "species" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(biology, taxonomy) The division of a genus into two species; a division into two subordinate parts." ], "tags": [ "countable", "uncountable" ], "topics": [ "biology", "natural-sciences", "taxonomy" ] }, { "categories": [ "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned", "en:Astronomy" ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1854, Edward Greswell, Origines Kalendariæ Italicæ: Tables of the Roman Calendar, volume 1, page 261:", "text": "The Ides of Januarius indeed, the preceding month, must have fallen on March 1 at midnight, two days before the first dichotomy of the mean new moon of that month, March 3 at midnight.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "A phase of the moon when it appears half lit and half dark, for example at the quadratures." ], "links": [ [ "astronomy", "astronomy" ], [ "phase", "phase" ], [ "moon", "moon" ], [ "quadrature", "quadrature" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(astronomy) A phase of the moon when it appears half lit and half dark, for example at the quadratures." ], "tags": [ "countable", "uncountable" ], "topics": [ "astronomy", "natural-sciences" ] }, { "categories": [ "English terms with quotations", "en:Botany" ], "examples": [ { "text": "1969, J. F. Rigby, Permian Sphenopsids from Antarctica, Geological Survey Professional Paper 613-F, page F-9,\nIn one forked leaf there is a distinct vein dichotomy, and the leaf boundary commences 1.5 mm above the dichotomy." }, { "ref": "2010, V. Singh, P. C. Pande, D. K. Jain, Text Book Of Botany: Diversity Of Microbes And Cryptogams, 4th edition, page 511:", "text": "In most of the creeping species with dorsiventral stems (e.g., S. kraussiana, S. laevigata) roots arise at or close to the point of dichotomy; in species like S. rupestris and S. wallichii they arise at the point of dichotomy as well as other positions and in S. selaginoides and S. spinulosa they arise from knot like swellings present at the basal portion of the stem.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "Division and subdivision; bifurcation, such as that of a stem of a plant or a vein of the body into two parts as it proceeds from its origin; often successive." ], "links": [ [ "botany", "botany" ], [ "bifurcation", "bifurcation" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(botany) Division and subdivision; bifurcation, such as that of a stem of a plant or a vein of the body into two parts as it proceeds from its origin; often successive." ], "senseid": [ "en:botany" ], "tags": [ "countable", "uncountable" ], "topics": [ "biology", "botany", "natural-sciences" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/daɪˈkɒtəmi/", "tags": [ "Received-Pronunciation" ] }, { "ipa": "/dɪ-/", "tags": [ "Received-Pronunciation" ] }, { "ipa": "/daɪˈkɑtəmi/", "tags": [ "General-American" ] }, { "ipa": "[-ɾə-]", "tags": [ "General-American" ] }, { "audio": "en-us-dichotomy.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/En-us-dichotomy.ogg/En-us-dichotomy.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/En-us-dichotomy.ogg", "tags": [ "General-American" ], "text": "Audio (GA)" }, { "audio": "en-au-dichotomy.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fe/En-au-dichotomy.ogg/En-au-dichotomy.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/En-au-dichotomy.ogg", "tags": [ "Australia" ], "text": "Audio (AU)" }, { "rhymes": "-ɒtəmi" } ], "synonyms": [ { "sense": "separation or division into two", "word": "bisection" }, { "sense": "division into parts", "word": "partition" }, { "sense": "division into parts", "word": "trichotomy" } ], "translations": [ { "code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "erkatum", "sense": "separation or division into two", "word": "երկատում" }, { "code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "dyxatamíja", "sense": "separation or division into two", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "дыхатамі́я" }, { "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "razpolovjavane", "sense": "separation or division into two", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "разполовяване" }, { "code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "separation or division into two", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "dicotomia" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "èrfēnfǎ", "sense": "separation or division into two", "word": "二分法" }, { "code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "separation or division into two", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "dichotomie" }, { "code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "separation or division into two", "tags": [ "common-gender" ], "word": "dikotomi" }, { "code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "separation or division into two", "word": "opdeling i to modsætninger" }, { "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "separation or division into two", "word": "dichotomie" }, { "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "separation or division into two", "word": "tweedeling" }, { "code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "separation or division into two", "word": "diĥotomio" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "separation or division into two", "word": "kahtiajako" }, { "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "separation or division into two", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "dichotomie" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "separation or division into two", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Dichotomie" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "separation or division into two", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Zweiteilung" }, { "code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "dichotómisi", "sense": "separation or division into two", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "διχοτόμηση" }, { "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "separation or division into two", "word": "kettéosztás" }, { "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "separation or division into two", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "dicotomia" }, { "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "nibunhō", "sense": "separation or division into two", "word": "二分法" }, { "alt": "二分法", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ibunbeop", "sense": "separation or division into two", "word": "이분법" }, { "code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "separation or division into two", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "dikotomi" }, { "code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "separation or division into two", "tags": [ "feminine", "masculine" ], "word": "todeling" }, { "code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "separation or division into two", "word": "dicotomia" }, { "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "separation or division into two", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "dychotomia" }, { "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "separation or division into two", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "dicotomia" }, { "code": "pa", "lang": "Punjabi", "roman": "pāṛā", "sense": "separation or division into two", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "ਪਾੜਾ" }, { "code": "pa", "lang": "Punjabi", "roman": "dupheṛ", "sense": "separation or division into two", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "ਦੁਫੇੜ" }, { "code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "separation or division into two", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "dihotomie" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "dixotomíja", "sense": "separation or division into two", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "дихотоми́я" }, { "code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "separation or division into two", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "dà-fhillteachd" }, { "code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "separation or division into two", "word": "dvodioba" }, { "code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "separation or division into two", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "dihotomija" }, { "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "separation or division into two", "word": "dicotomía" }, { "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "separation or division into two", "tags": [ "common-gender" ], "word": "tudelning" }, { "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "separation or division into two", "tags": [ "common-gender" ], "word": "dikotomi" }, { "code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "separation or division into two", "word": "diktomi" }, { "code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "separation or division into two", "word": "çatallanma" }, { "code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "dyxotomíja", "sense": "separation or division into two", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "дихотомі́я" }, { "code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "logic: division of a class into two disjoint subclasses that are together comprehensive", "tags": [ "common-gender" ], "word": "dikotomi" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "logic: division of a class into two disjoint subclasses that are together comprehensive", "word": "dikotomia" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "logic: division of a class into two disjoint subclasses that are together comprehensive", "word": "kahtiajako" }, { "code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "logic: division of a class into two disjoint subclasses that are together comprehensive", "tags": [ "feminine", "masculine" ], "word": "dikotomi" }, { "code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "logic: division of a class into two disjoint subclasses that are together comprehensive", "word": "dicotomia" }, { "code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "taxonomy: division into two subordinate parts", "tags": [ "common-gender" ], "word": "dikotomi" }, { "code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "taxonomy: division into two subordinate parts", "tags": [ "common-gender" ], "word": "opdeling" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "taxonomy: division into two subordinate parts", "word": "kahtiajako" }, { "code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "taxonomy: division into two subordinate parts", "word": "dicotomia" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "astronomy: phase of the moon", "word": "puolikuu" }, { "code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "astronomy: phase of the moon", "word": "dicotomia" }, { "code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "biology: bifurcation in a stem or vein", "tags": [ "common-gender" ], "word": "dikotomi" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "biology: bifurcation in a stem or vein", "word": "dikotomia" }, { "code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "biology: bifurcation in a stem or vein", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "dikotomi" }, { "code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "biology: bifurcation in a stem or vein", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "dikotomi" }, { "code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "biology: bifurcation in a stem or vein", "word": "dicotomia" } ], "wikipedia": [ "dichotomy" ], "word": "dichotomy" }
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