"dependence" meaning in English

See dependence in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /dɪˈpɛndəns/ [UK] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-dependence.wav [Southern-England] Forms: dependences [plural]
Etymology: From Old French dépendance. Morphologically depend + -ence. Etymology templates: {{der|en|fro|dépendance}} Old French dépendance, {{suffix|en|depend|ence|nocat=1}} depend + -ence Head templates: {{en-noun|~}} dependence (countable and uncountable, plural dependences)
  1. The state of being dependent, of relying upon another. Tags: countable, uncountable Categories (topical): Alcoholism Translations (state of being dependent): varësi [feminine] (Albanian), اِسْتِنَاد (istinād) [masculine] (Arabic), asılılıq (Azerbaijani), зале́жнасць (zaljéžnascʹ) [feminine] (Belarusian), зави́симост (zavísimost) [feminine] (Bulgarian), dependència [feminine] (Catalan), 依賴性 (Chinese Mandarin), 依赖性 (yīlàixìng) (Chinese Mandarin), závislost [feminine] (Czech), afhængighed [common-gender] (Danish), tillid [common-gender] (Danish), afhankelijkheid [feminine] (Dutch), nood [feminine] (Dutch), dependeco (Esperanto), riippuvuus (Finnish), dépendance [feminine] (French), დამოკიდებულება (damoḳidebuleba) (Georgian), Abhängigkeit [feminine] (German), εξάρτηση (exártisi) [feminine] (Greek), תְּלוּת (tlut) [feminine] (Hebrew), függés (Hungarian), spleáchas [masculine] (Irish), spleá [feminine] (Irish), tuilleamaí [masculine] (Irish), dipendenza [feminine] (Italian), 依存 (izon) (alt: いぞん) (Japanese), тәуелділік (täueldılık) (Kazakh), 의존 (uijon) (alt: 依存) (Korean), atkarība [feminine] (Latvian), wótwisnosć [feminine] (Lower Sorbian), зависност (zavisnost) [feminine] (Macedonian), avhengighet [feminine, masculine] (Norwegian Bokmål), ଅବଲମ୍ବନ (ôbôlômbônô) (Odia), zależność [feminine] (Polish), bluszczowatość [feminine] (Polish), bluszczowość [feminine] (Polish), dependência [feminine] (Portuguese), dependență [feminine] (Romanian), зави́симость (zavísimostʹ) [feminine] (Russian), о̀висно̄ст [Cyrillic, feminine] (Serbo-Croatian), за́висно̄ст [Cyrillic, feminine] (Serbo-Croatian), òvisnōst [Roman, feminine] (Serbo-Croatian), závisnōst [Roman, feminine] (Serbo-Croatian), dipinnenzia (Sicilian), závislosť [feminine] (Slovak), odvisnost [feminine] (Slovene), dependencia [feminine] (Spanish), utegemezi (Swahili), beroende [neuter] (Swedish), avhängighet [common-gender] (Swedish), зале́жність (zaléžnistʹ) [feminine] (Ukrainian)
    Sense id: en-dependence-en-noun-en:relying Disambiguation of Alcoholism: 63 37 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with language name categories using raw markup, English entries with topic categories using raw markup, English terms suffixed with -ence Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 49 51 Disambiguation of English entries with language name categories using raw markup: 55 45 Disambiguation of English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 56 44 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ence: 57 43 Disambiguation of 'state of being dependent': 87 13
  2. An irresistible physical or psychological need, especially for a chemical substance. Tags: countable, uncountable Translations (irresistible need): إِدْمَان (ʔidmān) [masculine] (Arabic), зале́жнасць (zaljéžnascʹ) [feminine] (Belarusian), зави́симост (zavísimost) [feminine] (Bulgarian), 成癮 (Chinese Mandarin), 成瘾 (chéngyǐn) (Chinese Mandarin), závislost [feminine] (Czech), afhængighed [common-gender] (Danish), verslaving [feminine] (Dutch), afhankelijkheid [feminine] (Dutch), manio (Esperanto), pasio (Esperanto), riippuvuus (Finnish), dépendance [feminine] (French), დამოკიდებულება (damoḳidebuleba) (Georgian), Abhängigkeit [feminine] (German), εξάρτηση (exártisi) [feminine] (Greek), εθισμός (ethismós) [masculine] (Greek), 嗜癖 (shiheki) (alt: しへき) (Japanese), 中毒 (chūdoku) (alt: ちゅうどく) (Japanese), тәуелділік (täueldılık) (Kazakh), 중독 (jungdok) (alt: 中毒) (Korean), atkarība [feminine] (Latvian), vício [masculine] (Portuguese), dependência (Portuguese), subjugare [feminine] (Romanian), dependență [feminine] (Romanian), subordonare [feminine] (Romanian), зави́симость (zavísimostʹ) [feminine] (Russian), о̀висно̄ст [Cyrillic, feminine] (Serbo-Croatian), òvisnōst [Roman, feminine] (Serbo-Croatian), závislosť [feminine] (Slovak), dependencia [feminine] (Spanish), beroende [neuter] (Swedish), зале́жність (zaléžnistʹ) [feminine] (Ukrainian), адди́кція (addýkcija) [feminine] (Ukrainian)
    Sense id: en-dependence-en-noun-en:addiction Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with language name categories using raw markup Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 49 51 Disambiguation of English entries with language name categories using raw markup: 55 45 Disambiguation of 'irresistible need': 5 95
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: dependance [archaic] Derived forms: co-dependence, density dependence, dependence grammar, interdependence, linear dependence, path dependence, substance dependence Related terms: dependent, dependency

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for dependence meaning in English (15.5kB)

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "word": "independence"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "co-dependence"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "density dependence"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "dependence grammar"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "interdependence"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "linear dependence"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "path dependence"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "substance dependence"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "dépendance"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French dépendance",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "depend",
        "3": "ence",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "depend + -ence",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old French dépendance.\nMorphologically depend + -ence.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "dependences",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "dependence (countable and uncountable, plural dependences)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "dependent"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "dependency"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "49 51",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "55 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
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          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "56 44",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
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            "Entry maintenance"
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "57 43",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ence",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "63 37",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Alcoholism",
          "orig": "en:Alcoholism",
          "parents": [
            "Drinking",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "He had a deep dependence on her for guidance.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The state of being dependent, of relying upon another."
      ],
      "id": "en-dependence-en-noun-en:relying",
      "links": [
        [
          "state",
          "state"
        ],
        [
          "dependent",
          "dependent"
        ],
        [
          "rely",
          "rely"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:relying"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "sq",
          "lang": "Albanian",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "varësi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "istinād",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "اِسْتِنَاد"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "word": "asılılıq"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "zaljéžnascʹ",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "зале́жнасць"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "zavísimost",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "зави́симост"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "dependència"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "word": "依賴性"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "yīlàixìng",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "word": "依赖性"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "závislost"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "afhængighed"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "tillid"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "afhankelijkheid"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "nood"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "word": "dependeco"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "word": "riippuvuus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "dépendance"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "damoḳidebuleba",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "word": "დამოკიდებულება"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Abhängigkeit"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "exártisi",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "εξάρτηση"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "tlut",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "תְּלוּת"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "word": "függés"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "spleáchas"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "spleá"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "tuilleamaí"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "dipendenza"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "alt": "いぞん",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "izon",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "word": "依存"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "kk",
          "lang": "Kazakh",
          "roman": "täueldılık",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "word": "тәуелділік"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "alt": "依存",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "uijon",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "word": "의존"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "atkarība"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "zavisnost",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "зависност"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "avhengighet"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "or",
          "lang": "Odia",
          "roman": "ôbôlômbônô",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "word": "ଅବଲମ୍ବନ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "zależność"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "bluszczowatość"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "bluszczowość"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "dependência"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "dependență"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "zavísimostʹ",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "зави́симость"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "о̀висно̄ст"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "за́висно̄ст"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "tags": [
            "Roman",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "òvisnōst"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "tags": [
            "Roman",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "závisnōst"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "scn",
          "lang": "Sicilian",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "word": "dipinnenzia"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "závislosť"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "odvisnost"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "dsb",
          "lang": "Lower Sorbian",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "wótwisnosć"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "dependencia"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "sw",
          "lang": "Swahili",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "word": "utegemezi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "beroende"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "avhängighet"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 13",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "zaléžnistʹ",
          "sense": "state of being dependent",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "зале́жність"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "49 51",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "55 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Her dependence on cocaine led to her ruin.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An irresistible physical or psychological need, especially for a chemical substance."
      ],
      "id": "en-dependence-en-noun-en:addiction",
      "links": [
        [
          "irresistible",
          "irresistible"
        ],
        [
          "physical",
          "physical"
        ],
        [
          "psychological",
          "psychological"
        ],
        [
          "need",
          "need"
        ],
        [
          "chemical",
          "chemical"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:addiction"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "5 95",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "ʔidmān",
          "sense": "irresistible need",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "إِدْمَان"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 95",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "zaljéžnascʹ",
          "sense": "irresistible need",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "зале́жнасць"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 95",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "zavísimost",
          "sense": "irresistible need",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "зави́симост"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 95",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "irresistible need",
          "word": "成癮"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 95",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "chéngyǐn",
          "sense": "irresistible need",
          "word": "成瘾"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 95",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "irresistible need",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "závislost"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 95",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "irresistible need",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "afhængighed"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 95",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "irresistible need",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "verslaving"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 95",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "irresistible need",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "afhankelijkheid"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 95",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "irresistible need",
          "word": "manio"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 95",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "irresistible need",
          "word": "pasio"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 95",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "irresistible need",
          "word": "riippuvuus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 95",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "irresistible need",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "dépendance"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 95",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "damoḳidebuleba",
          "sense": "irresistible need",
          "word": "დამოკიდებულება"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 95",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "irresistible need",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Abhängigkeit"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 95",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "exártisi",
          "sense": "irresistible need",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "εξάρτηση"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 95",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "ethismós",
          "sense": "irresistible need",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "εθισμός"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 95",
          "alt": "しへき",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "shiheki",
          "sense": "irresistible need",
          "word": "嗜癖"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 95",
          "alt": "ちゅうどく",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "chūdoku",
          "sense": "irresistible need",
          "word": "中毒"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 95",
          "code": "kk",
          "lang": "Kazakh",
          "roman": "täueldılık",
          "sense": "irresistible need",
          "word": "тәуелділік"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 95",
          "alt": "中毒",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "jungdok",
          "sense": "irresistible need",
          "word": "중독"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 95",
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "sense": "irresistible need",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "atkarība"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 95",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "irresistible need",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "vício"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 95",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "irresistible need",
          "word": "dependência"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 95",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "irresistible need",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "subjugare"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 95",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "irresistible need",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "dependență"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 95",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "irresistible need",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "subordonare"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 95",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "zavísimostʹ",
          "sense": "irresistible need",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "зави́симость"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 95",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "irresistible need",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "о̀висно̄ст"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 95",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "irresistible need",
          "tags": [
            "Roman",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "òvisnōst"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 95",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "irresistible need",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "závislosť"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 95",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "irresistible need",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "dependencia"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 95",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "irresistible need",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "beroende"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 95",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "zaléžnistʹ",
          "sense": "irresistible need",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "зале́жність"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 95",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "addýkcija",
          "sense": "irresistible need",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "адди́кція"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/dɪˈpɛndəns/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-dependence.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/46/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dependence.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dependence.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/46/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dependence.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dependence.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "word": "dependance"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "dependence"
  ],
  "word": "dependence"
}
{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "word": "independence"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "English 3-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms suffixed with -ence",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "en:Alcoholism"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "co-dependence"
    },
    {
      "word": "density dependence"
    },
    {
      "word": "dependence grammar"
    },
    {
      "word": "interdependence"
    },
    {
      "word": "linear dependence"
    },
    {
      "word": "path dependence"
    },
    {
      "word": "substance dependence"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "dépendance"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French dépendance",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "depend",
        "3": "ence",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "depend + -ence",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old French dépendance.\nMorphologically depend + -ence.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "dependences",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "dependence (countable and uncountable, plural dependences)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "dependent"
    },
    {
      "word": "dependency"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "He had a deep dependence on her for guidance.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The state of being dependent, of relying upon another."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "state",
          "state"
        ],
        [
          "dependent",
          "dependent"
        ],
        [
          "rely",
          "rely"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:relying"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Her dependence on cocaine led to her ruin.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An irresistible physical or psychological need, especially for a chemical substance."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "irresistible",
          "irresistible"
        ],
        [
          "physical",
          "physical"
        ],
        [
          "psychological",
          "psychological"
        ],
        [
          "need",
          "need"
        ],
        [
          "chemical",
          "chemical"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:addiction"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/dɪˈpɛndəns/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-dependence.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/46/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dependence.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dependence.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/46/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dependence.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dependence.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "word": "dependance"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "sq",
      "lang": "Albanian",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "varësi"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "istinād",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "اِسْتِنَاد"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "word": "asılılıq"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "zaljéžnascʹ",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "зале́жнасць"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "zavísimost",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "зави́симост"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "dependència"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "word": "依賴性"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "yīlàixìng",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "word": "依赖性"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "závislost"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "afhængighed"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "tillid"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "afhankelijkheid"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "nood"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "word": "dependeco"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "word": "riippuvuus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "dépendance"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "damoḳidebuleba",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "word": "დამოკიდებულება"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Abhängigkeit"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "exártisi",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "εξάρτηση"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "tlut",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "תְּלוּת"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "word": "függés"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "spleáchas"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "spleá"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "tuilleamaí"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "dipendenza"
    },
    {
      "alt": "いぞん",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "izon",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "word": "依存"
    },
    {
      "code": "kk",
      "lang": "Kazakh",
      "roman": "täueldılık",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "word": "тәуелділік"
    },
    {
      "alt": "依存",
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "uijon",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "word": "의존"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "atkarība"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "zavisnost",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "зависност"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "avhengighet"
    },
    {
      "code": "or",
      "lang": "Odia",
      "roman": "ôbôlômbônô",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "word": "ଅବଲମ୍ବନ"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "zależność"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "bluszczowatość"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "bluszczowość"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "dependência"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "dependență"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "zavísimostʹ",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "зави́симость"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "о̀висно̄ст"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "за́висно̄ст"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "òvisnōst"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "závisnōst"
    },
    {
      "code": "scn",
      "lang": "Sicilian",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "word": "dipinnenzia"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "závislosť"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "odvisnost"
    },
    {
      "code": "dsb",
      "lang": "Lower Sorbian",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "wótwisnosć"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "dependencia"
    },
    {
      "code": "sw",
      "lang": "Swahili",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "word": "utegemezi"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "beroende"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "avhängighet"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "zaléžnistʹ",
      "sense": "state of being dependent",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "зале́жність"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "ʔidmān",
      "sense": "irresistible need",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "إِدْمَان"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "zaljéžnascʹ",
      "sense": "irresistible need",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "зале́жнасць"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "zavísimost",
      "sense": "irresistible need",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "зави́симост"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "irresistible need",
      "word": "成癮"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "chéngyǐn",
      "sense": "irresistible need",
      "word": "成瘾"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "irresistible need",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "závislost"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "irresistible need",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "afhængighed"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "irresistible need",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "verslaving"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "irresistible need",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "afhankelijkheid"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "irresistible need",
      "word": "manio"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "irresistible need",
      "word": "pasio"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "irresistible need",
      "word": "riippuvuus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "irresistible need",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "dépendance"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "damoḳidebuleba",
      "sense": "irresistible need",
      "word": "დამოკიდებულება"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "irresistible need",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Abhängigkeit"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "exártisi",
      "sense": "irresistible need",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "εξάρτηση"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "ethismós",
      "sense": "irresistible need",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "εθισμός"
    },
    {
      "alt": "しへき",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "shiheki",
      "sense": "irresistible need",
      "word": "嗜癖"
    },
    {
      "alt": "ちゅうどく",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "chūdoku",
      "sense": "irresistible need",
      "word": "中毒"
    },
    {
      "code": "kk",
      "lang": "Kazakh",
      "roman": "täueldılık",
      "sense": "irresistible need",
      "word": "тәуелділік"
    },
    {
      "alt": "中毒",
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "jungdok",
      "sense": "irresistible need",
      "word": "중독"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "irresistible need",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "atkarība"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "irresistible need",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "vício"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "irresistible need",
      "word": "dependência"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "irresistible need",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "subjugare"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "irresistible need",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "dependență"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "irresistible need",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "subordonare"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "zavísimostʹ",
      "sense": "irresistible need",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "зави́симость"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "irresistible need",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "о̀висно̄ст"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "irresistible need",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "òvisnōst"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "irresistible need",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "závislosť"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "irresistible need",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "dependencia"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "irresistible need",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "beroende"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "zaléžnistʹ",
      "sense": "irresistible need",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "зале́жність"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "addýkcija",
      "sense": "irresistible need",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "адди́кція"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "dependence"
  ],
  "word": "dependence"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.