"deficient" meaning in English

See deficient in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /dɪˈfɪʃənt/ [UK] Audio: en-us-deficient.ogg [US] Forms: more deficient [comparative], most deficient [superlative]
Rhymes: -ɪʃənt Etymology: From Latin deficiens, present participle of deficere (“to lack, fail, be wanting”); see defect. Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*dʰeh₁-}}, {{uder|en|la|deficiens}} Latin deficiens, {{m|la|deficere||to lack, fail, be wanting}} deficere (“to lack, fail, be wanting”) Head templates: {{en-adj}} deficient (comparative more deficient, superlative most deficient)
  1. Lacking something essential; often construed with in. Translations (lacking something essential): несъвършен (nesǎvǎršen) (Bulgarian), с недостатъци (s nedostatǎci) (Bulgarian), deficient (Catalan), puutteellinen (Finnish), deficiente (Galician), mangelhaft (German), defisien (Indonesian), díothach (Irish), uireasach (Irish), easpach (Irish), deficiente (Italian), deficiente (Portuguese), deficient (Romanian), ऊन (ūna) (Sanskrit), deficiente (Spanish), недоскона́лий (nedoskonályj) [masculine] (Ukrainian), позба́влений (pozbávlenyj) [masculine] (Ukrainian)
    Sense id: en-deficient-en-adj-l-gvQmxK Disambiguation of 'lacking something essential': 94 3 3
  2. Insufficient or inadequate in amount. Translations (insufficient or inadequate in amount): недостатъчен (nedostatǎčen) (Bulgarian), недостигащ (nedostigašt) (Bulgarian), deficient (Catalan), mangelfuld (Danish), gebrekkig (Dutch), tekortschietend (Dutch), riittämätön (Finnish), defizient (German), defisien (Indonesian), pahara (Maori), pūhungahunga (Maori), takarepa (Maori), huka (Maori), insuficient (Romanian), deficient (Romanian), ऊन (ūna) (Sanskrit), deficiente (Spanish), bristfällig (Swedish), недоста́тній (nedostátnij) [masculine] (Ukrainian), непо́вний (nepóvnyj) [masculine] (Ukrainian)
    Sense id: en-deficient-en-adj-DlUWku~0 Disambiguation of 'insufficient or inadequate in amount': 4 94 2
  3. (mathematics) Of a number n, Having the sum of divisors σ(n)<2n, or, equivalently, the sum of proper divisors (or aliquot sum) s(n) Categories (topical): Mathematics
    Sense id: en-deficient-en-adj-Fo1KmeCd Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English undefined derivations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 28 4 63 6 Disambiguation of English undefined derivations: 27 9 53 11 Topics: mathematics, sciences
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: deficient number, rank-deficient, self-deficient Related terms: defect, defection, defective, defector, deficiency, deficit

Noun

IPA: /dɪˈfɪʃənt/ [UK] Audio: en-us-deficient.ogg [US] Forms: deficients [plural]
Rhymes: -ɪʃənt Etymology: From Latin deficiens, present participle of deficere (“to lack, fail, be wanting”); see defect. Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*dʰeh₁-}}, {{uder|en|la|deficiens}} Latin deficiens, {{m|la|deficere||to lack, fail, be wanting}} deficere (“to lack, fail, be wanting”) Head templates: {{en-noun}} deficient (plural deficients)
  1. A person who is deficient.
    Sense id: en-deficient-en-noun-nfox8y8j

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for deficient meaning in English (9.2kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "deficient number"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "rank-deficient"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "self-deficient"
    }
  ],
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      "expansion": "Latin deficiens",
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        "4": "to lack, fail, be wanting"
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  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin deficiens, present participle of deficere (“to lack, fail, be wanting”); see defect.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more deficient",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most deficient",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
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      "expansion": "deficient (comparative more deficient, superlative most deficient)",
      "name": "en-adj"
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  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "defect"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "defection"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "defective"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "defector"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "deficiency"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "deficit"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "They were deficient in social skills.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Lacking something essential; often construed with in."
      ],
      "id": "en-deficient-en-adj-l-gvQmxK",
      "links": [
        [
          "Lacking",
          "lack"
        ],
        [
          "essential",
          "essential"
        ],
        [
          "in",
          "in"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "nesǎvǎršen",
          "sense": "lacking something essential",
          "word": "несъвършен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "s nedostatǎci",
          "sense": "lacking something essential",
          "word": "с недостатъци"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "lacking something essential",
          "word": "deficient"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "lacking something essential",
          "word": "puutteellinen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "lacking something essential",
          "word": "deficiente"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "lacking something essential",
          "word": "mangelhaft"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "id",
          "lang": "Indonesian",
          "sense": "lacking something essential",
          "word": "defisien"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "lacking something essential",
          "word": "díothach"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "lacking something essential",
          "word": "uireasach"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "lacking something essential",
          "word": "easpach"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "lacking something essential",
          "word": "deficiente"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "lacking something essential",
          "word": "deficiente"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "lacking something essential",
          "word": "deficient"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "sa",
          "lang": "Sanskrit",
          "roman": "ūna",
          "sense": "lacking something essential",
          "word": "ऊन"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "lacking something essential",
          "word": "deficiente"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "nedoskonályj",
          "sense": "lacking something essential",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "недоскона́лий"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "pozbávlenyj",
          "sense": "lacking something essential",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "позба́влений"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Insufficient or inadequate in amount."
      ],
      "id": "en-deficient-en-adj-DlUWku~0",
      "links": [
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          "Insufficient",
          "insufficient"
        ],
        [
          "inadequate",
          "inadequate"
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          "amount"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "4 94 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "nedostatǎčen",
          "sense": "insufficient or inadequate in amount",
          "word": "недостатъчен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 94 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "nedostigašt",
          "sense": "insufficient or inadequate in amount",
          "word": "недостигащ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 94 2",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "insufficient or inadequate in amount",
          "word": "deficient"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 94 2",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "insufficient or inadequate in amount",
          "word": "mangelfuld"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 94 2",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "insufficient or inadequate in amount",
          "word": "gebrekkig"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 94 2",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "insufficient or inadequate in amount",
          "word": "tekortschietend"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 94 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "insufficient or inadequate in amount",
          "word": "riittämätön"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 94 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "insufficient or inadequate in amount",
          "word": "defizient"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 94 2",
          "code": "id",
          "lang": "Indonesian",
          "sense": "insufficient or inadequate in amount",
          "word": "defisien"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 94 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "insufficient or inadequate in amount",
          "word": "pahara"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 94 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "insufficient or inadequate in amount",
          "word": "pūhungahunga"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 94 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "insufficient or inadequate in amount",
          "word": "takarepa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 94 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "insufficient or inadequate in amount",
          "word": "huka"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 94 2",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "insufficient or inadequate in amount",
          "word": "insuficient"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 94 2",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "insufficient or inadequate in amount",
          "word": "deficient"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 94 2",
          "code": "sa",
          "lang": "Sanskrit",
          "roman": "ūna",
          "sense": "insufficient or inadequate in amount",
          "word": "ऊन"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 94 2",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "insufficient or inadequate in amount",
          "word": "deficiente"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 94 2",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "insufficient or inadequate in amount",
          "word": "bristfällig"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 94 2",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "nedostátnij",
          "sense": "insufficient or inadequate in amount",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "недоста́тній"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 94 2",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "nepóvnyj",
          "sense": "insufficient or inadequate in amount",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "непо́вний"
        }
      ]
    },
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          "orig": "en:Mathematics",
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          "_dis": "28 4 63 6",
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        {
          "_dis": "27 9 53 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English undefined derivations",
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            "Entry maintenance"
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          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Of a number n, Having the sum of divisors σ(n)<2n, or, equivalently, the sum of proper divisors (or aliquot sum) s(n)<n."
      ],
      "id": "en-deficient-en-adj-Fo1KmeCd",
      "links": [
        [
          "mathematics",
          "mathematics"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(mathematics) Of a number n, Having the sum of divisors σ(n)<2n, or, equivalently, the sum of proper divisors (or aliquot sum) s(n)<n."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "mathematics",
        "sciences"
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    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
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      "ipa": "/dɪˈfɪʃənt/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɪʃənt"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-deficient.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/54/En-us-deficient.ogg/En-us-deficient.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/En-us-deficient.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "deficient"
}

{
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  ],
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      "tags": [
        "plural"
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  "senses": [
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          "ref": "2004, Steven Noll, James Trent, Mental Retardation in America: A Historical Reader, page 316",
          "text": "This was justified by the rationale that mental deficients, by definition, are not able to succeed in society.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
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        "A person who is deficient."
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  "word": "deficient"
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{
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    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁-",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English undefined derivations",
    "Rhymes:English/ɪʃənt",
    "Rhymes:English/ɪʃənt/3 syllables"
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  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "deficient number"
    },
    {
      "word": "rank-deficient"
    },
    {
      "word": "self-deficient"
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  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
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  "forms": [
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      "form": "more deficient",
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  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "defect"
    },
    {
      "word": "defection"
    },
    {
      "word": "defective"
    },
    {
      "word": "defector"
    },
    {
      "word": "deficiency"
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    {
      "word": "deficit"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "They were deficient in social skills.",
          "type": "example"
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      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Lacking something essential; often construed with in."
      ],
      "links": [
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          "Lacking",
          "lack"
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          "essential",
          "essential"
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        [
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          "in"
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      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Insufficient or inadequate in amount."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Insufficient",
          "insufficient"
        ],
        [
          "inadequate",
          "inadequate"
        ],
        [
          "amount",
          "amount"
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      "categories": [
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      "glosses": [
        "Of a number n, Having the sum of divisors σ(n)<2n, or, equivalently, the sum of proper divisors (or aliquot sum) s(n)<n."
      ],
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        "(mathematics) Of a number n, Having the sum of divisors σ(n)<2n, or, equivalently, the sum of proper divisors (or aliquot sum) s(n)<n."
      ],
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        "mathematics",
        "sciences"
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    },
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  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "nesǎvǎršen",
      "sense": "lacking something essential",
      "word": "несъвършен"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "s nedostatǎci",
      "sense": "lacking something essential",
      "word": "с недостатъци"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "lacking something essential",
      "word": "deficient"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "lacking something essential",
      "word": "puutteellinen"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "lacking something essential",
      "word": "deficiente"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "lacking something essential",
      "word": "mangelhaft"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "lacking something essential",
      "word": "defisien"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "lacking something essential",
      "word": "díothach"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "lacking something essential",
      "word": "uireasach"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "lacking something essential",
      "word": "easpach"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "lacking something essential",
      "word": "deficiente"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "lacking something essential",
      "word": "deficiente"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "lacking something essential",
      "word": "deficient"
    },
    {
      "code": "sa",
      "lang": "Sanskrit",
      "roman": "ūna",
      "sense": "lacking something essential",
      "word": "ऊन"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "lacking something essential",
      "word": "deficiente"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "nedoskonályj",
      "sense": "lacking something essential",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "недоскона́лий"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "pozbávlenyj",
      "sense": "lacking something essential",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "позба́влений"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "nedostatǎčen",
      "sense": "insufficient or inadequate in amount",
      "word": "недостатъчен"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "nedostigašt",
      "sense": "insufficient or inadequate in amount",
      "word": "недостигащ"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "insufficient or inadequate in amount",
      "word": "deficient"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "insufficient or inadequate in amount",
      "word": "mangelfuld"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "insufficient or inadequate in amount",
      "word": "gebrekkig"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "insufficient or inadequate in amount",
      "word": "tekortschietend"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "insufficient or inadequate in amount",
      "word": "riittämätön"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "insufficient or inadequate in amount",
      "word": "defizient"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "insufficient or inadequate in amount",
      "word": "defisien"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "insufficient or inadequate in amount",
      "word": "pahara"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "insufficient or inadequate in amount",
      "word": "pūhungahunga"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "insufficient or inadequate in amount",
      "word": "takarepa"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "insufficient or inadequate in amount",
      "word": "huka"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "insufficient or inadequate in amount",
      "word": "insuficient"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "insufficient or inadequate in amount",
      "word": "deficient"
    },
    {
      "code": "sa",
      "lang": "Sanskrit",
      "roman": "ūna",
      "sense": "insufficient or inadequate in amount",
      "word": "ऊन"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "insufficient or inadequate in amount",
      "word": "deficiente"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "insufficient or inadequate in amount",
      "word": "bristfällig"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "nedostátnij",
      "sense": "insufficient or inadequate in amount",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "недоста́тній"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "nepóvnyj",
      "sense": "insufficient or inadequate in amount",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "непо́вний"
    }
  ],
  "word": "deficient"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 3-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁-",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English undefined derivations",
    "Rhymes:English/ɪʃənt",
    "Rhymes:English/ɪʃənt/3 syllables"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dʰeh₁-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "deficiens"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin deficiens",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "deficere",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to lack, fail, be wanting"
      },
      "expansion": "deficere (“to lack, fail, be wanting”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin deficiens, present participle of deficere (“to lack, fail, be wanting”); see defect.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "deficients",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "deficient (plural deficients)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2004, Steven Noll, James Trent, Mental Retardation in America: A Historical Reader, page 316",
          "text": "This was justified by the rationale that mental deficients, by definition, are not able to succeed in society.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A person who is deficient."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/dɪˈfɪʃənt/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɪʃənt"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-deficient.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/54/En-us-deficient.ogg/En-us-deficient.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/En-us-deficient.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "deficient"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.