See defamation in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for defamation meaning in English (21.4kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "diffamacion"
},
"expansion": "Old French diffamacion",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "diffamation"
},
"expansion": "French diffamation",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "diffāmātiō"
},
"expansion": "Latin diffāmātiō",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French diffamacion (French diffamation), from Latin diffāmātiō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "defamations",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "defamation (countable and uncountable, plural defamations)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"def‧am‧ation"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Crime",
"orig": "en:Crime",
"parents": [
"Criminal law",
"Society",
"Law",
"All topics",
"Justice",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2005, “Journalists Imprisoned in 2004”, in Bill Sweeney, editor, Attacks on the Press in 2004, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 251, column 2",
"text": "In a closed trial on December 24, 2004, the People’s Court of Jinshui District in the city of Zhengzhou, Henan Province, convicted Zhang Ruquan, along with his associate Zhang Zhengyao, in a public prosecution on charges of defamation that “seriously undermined social order or the state interest.” The two were sentenced to three years in prison for defaming former Chinese President Jiang Zemin.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2023 April 21, John Poulos, “Dominion’s C.E.O.: Why We Settled the Lawsuit Against Fox News”, in The New York Times, →ISSN",
"text": "An hour later, when the Fox board approved the wire payment for $787.5 million — one of the largest known defamation settlements in history — Fox acknowledged what we needed it to acknowledge: spreading false claims comes with a huge price tag.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The act of injuring another person's reputation by any slanderous communication, written or oral; the wrong of maliciously injuring the good name of another."
],
"id": "en-defamation-en-noun-jv0O9V9F",
"links": [
[
"reputation",
"reputation"
],
[
"slanderous",
"slanderous"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "defame"
},
{
"word": "defamatory"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aspersion"
},
{
"word": "calumny"
},
{
"word": "detraction"
},
{
"word": "false light"
},
{
"word": "libel"
},
{
"word": "slander"
},
{
"word": "aftertale"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "shpifje"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "tašhīr",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "تَشْهِير"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "buhtān",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "بُهْتَان"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "iftirāʔ",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "اِفْتِرَاء"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "zrpartutʻyun",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "զրպարտություն"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "şər-böhtan"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "böhtan"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "iftira"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pakljóp",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "паклёп"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "namóva",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "намо́ва"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "nahavór",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "нагаво́р"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "klevetá",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "клевета́"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "húla",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ху́ла"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "hulá",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "хула́"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "difamació"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "誹謗"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fěibàng",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "诽谤"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "毀謗"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "huǐbàng",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "毁谤"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "誣蔑"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wūmiè",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "诬蔑"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pomluva"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kleveta"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "bagvaskelse"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "laster"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "smaad"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "belastering"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "kalumnio"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ærumeiðing"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "legal term",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "kunnianloukkaus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "common terms",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "herjaus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "solvaus"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "diffamation"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "cilisc̣ameba",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "ცილისწამება"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "disḳrediṭacia",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "დისკრედიტაცია"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "dipamacia",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "დიფამაცია"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "reṗuṭaciis šelaxva",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "რეპუტაციის შელახვა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Verleumdung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Diffamierung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schmähung"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "dysfímisi",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "δυσφήμιση"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "sykofantía",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "συκοφαντία"
},
{
"code": "el",
"english": "defamation of character",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "sykofantikí dysfímisi",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "συκοφαντική δυσφήμιση"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "hashmatsá",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "הַשְׁמָצָה"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "mānhāni",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "मानहानि"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "rágalmazás"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "defamasi"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "clúmhilleadh"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aithisiú"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "diffamazione"
},
{
"alt": "めいよきそん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "meiyokison",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "名誉毀損"
},
{
"alt": "ちゅうしょう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chūshō",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "中傷"
},
{
"alt": "ひぼうちゅうしょう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hibō chūshō",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "誹謗中傷"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "jala",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "жала"
},
{
"alt": "中傷",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jungsang",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "중상"
},
{
"alt": "名譽毁損",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "myeong'ye hweson",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "명예 훼손"
},
{
"alt": "毁謗",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "hwebang",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "훼방"
},
{
"alt": "誹謗",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bibang",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "비방"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "son'garakjil",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "손가락질"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "jalaa",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "жалаа"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "diffamatio"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "obtrectatio"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kleveta",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "клевета"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "apakīṟtti",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "അപകീർത്തി"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "mānahāni",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "മാനഹാനി"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "orohanga"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "haohao"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ærekrenkelse"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ærekrenking"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bakvaskelse"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ærekrenking"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "tohmat",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "تُهمَت"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "bohtân",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "بُهتان"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "efterâ",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "اِفتِرا"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "zniesławienie"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "oszczerstwo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "difamação"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "calomnie"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "defăimare"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "diffamácija",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "диффама́ция"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "šelʹmovánije",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "шельмова́ние"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "klevetá",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "клевета́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ponošénije",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "поноше́ние"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xulá",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "хула́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pokljóp",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine"
],
"word": "поклёп"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nagovór",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine"
],
"word": "нагово́р"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "клѐвета"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "о̏бједа"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "klèveta"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ȍbjeda"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ohováranie"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "hanobenie"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "klebeta"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kleveta"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "difamación"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ärekränkning"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "förtal"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "badnomkunī",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "бадномкунӣ"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "tuhmat",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "туҳмат"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "buhton",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "буҳтон"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "iftiro",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "ифтиро"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "mìn-bprà-màat",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "หมิ่นประมาท"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "iftira"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "hakaret"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "náklep",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "на́клеп"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "póklep",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "по́клеп"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "betnam",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "بەتنام"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "tuhmat"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "boʻhton"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"dated",
"literary"
],
"word": "iftiro"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌdɛfəˈmeɪʃən/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪʃən"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-defamation.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-defamation.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-defamation.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-defamation.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-defamation.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "defamation"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "diffamacion"
},
"expansion": "Old French diffamacion",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "diffamation"
},
"expansion": "French diffamation",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "diffāmātiō"
},
"expansion": "Latin diffāmātiō",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French diffamacion (French diffamation), from Latin diffāmātiō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "defamations",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "defamation (countable and uncountable, plural defamations)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"def‧am‧ation"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "defame"
},
{
"word": "defamatory"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English 4-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Rhymes:English/eɪʃən",
"Rhymes:English/eɪʃən/4 syllables",
"en:Crime"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2005, “Journalists Imprisoned in 2004”, in Bill Sweeney, editor, Attacks on the Press in 2004, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 251, column 2",
"text": "In a closed trial on December 24, 2004, the People’s Court of Jinshui District in the city of Zhengzhou, Henan Province, convicted Zhang Ruquan, along with his associate Zhang Zhengyao, in a public prosecution on charges of defamation that “seriously undermined social order or the state interest.” The two were sentenced to three years in prison for defaming former Chinese President Jiang Zemin.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2023 April 21, John Poulos, “Dominion’s C.E.O.: Why We Settled the Lawsuit Against Fox News”, in The New York Times, →ISSN",
"text": "An hour later, when the Fox board approved the wire payment for $787.5 million — one of the largest known defamation settlements in history — Fox acknowledged what we needed it to acknowledge: spreading false claims comes with a huge price tag.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The act of injuring another person's reputation by any slanderous communication, written or oral; the wrong of maliciously injuring the good name of another."
],
"links": [
[
"reputation",
"reputation"
],
[
"slanderous",
"slanderous"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌdɛfəˈmeɪʃən/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪʃən"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-defamation.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-defamation.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-defamation.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-defamation.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-defamation.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aspersion"
},
{
"word": "calumny"
},
{
"word": "detraction"
},
{
"word": "false light"
},
{
"word": "libel"
},
{
"word": "slander"
},
{
"word": "aftertale"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "shpifje"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "tašhīr",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "تَشْهِير"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "buhtān",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "بُهْتَان"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "iftirāʔ",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "اِفْتِرَاء"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "zrpartutʻyun",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "զրպարտություն"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "şər-böhtan"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "böhtan"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "iftira"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pakljóp",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "паклёп"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "namóva",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "намо́ва"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "nahavór",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "нагаво́р"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "klevetá",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "клевета́"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "húla",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ху́ла"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "hulá",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "хула́"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "difamació"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "誹謗"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fěibàng",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "诽谤"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "毀謗"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "huǐbàng",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "毁谤"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "誣蔑"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wūmiè",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "诬蔑"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pomluva"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kleveta"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "bagvaskelse"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "laster"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "smaad"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "belastering"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "kalumnio"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ærumeiðing"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "legal term",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "kunnianloukkaus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "common terms",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "herjaus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "solvaus"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "diffamation"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "cilisc̣ameba",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "ცილისწამება"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "disḳrediṭacia",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "დისკრედიტაცია"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "dipamacia",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "დიფამაცია"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "reṗuṭaciis šelaxva",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "რეპუტაციის შელახვა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Verleumdung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Diffamierung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schmähung"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "dysfímisi",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "δυσφήμιση"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "sykofantía",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "συκοφαντία"
},
{
"code": "el",
"english": "defamation of character",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "sykofantikí dysfímisi",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "συκοφαντική δυσφήμιση"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "hashmatsá",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "הַשְׁמָצָה"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "mānhāni",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "मानहानि"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "rágalmazás"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "defamasi"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "clúmhilleadh"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aithisiú"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "diffamazione"
},
{
"alt": "めいよきそん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "meiyokison",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "名誉毀損"
},
{
"alt": "ちゅうしょう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chūshō",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "中傷"
},
{
"alt": "ひぼうちゅうしょう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hibō chūshō",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "誹謗中傷"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "jala",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "жала"
},
{
"alt": "中傷",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jungsang",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "중상"
},
{
"alt": "名譽毁損",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "myeong'ye hweson",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "명예 훼손"
},
{
"alt": "毁謗",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "hwebang",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "훼방"
},
{
"alt": "誹謗",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bibang",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "비방"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "son'garakjil",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "손가락질"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "jalaa",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "жалаа"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "diffamatio"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "obtrectatio"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "diffamatio"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "obtrectatio"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kleveta",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "клевета"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "apakīṟtti",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "അപകീർത്തി"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "mānahāni",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "മാനഹാനി"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "orohanga"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "haohao"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ærekrenkelse"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ærekrenking"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bakvaskelse"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ærekrenking"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "tohmat",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "تُهمَت"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "bohtân",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "بُهتان"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "efterâ",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "اِفتِرا"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "zniesławienie"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "oszczerstwo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "difamação"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "calomnie"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "defăimare"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "diffamácija",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "диффама́ция"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "šelʹmovánije",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "шельмова́ние"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "klevetá",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "клевета́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ponošénije",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "поноше́ние"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xulá",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "хула́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pokljóp",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine"
],
"word": "поклёп"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nagovór",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine"
],
"word": "нагово́р"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "клѐвета"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "о̏бједа"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "klèveta"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ȍbjeda"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ohováranie"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "hanobenie"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "klebeta"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kleveta"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "difamación"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ärekränkning"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "förtal"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "badnomkunī",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "бадномкунӣ"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "tuhmat",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "туҳмат"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "buhton",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "буҳтон"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "iftiro",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "ифтиро"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "mìn-bprà-màat",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "หมิ่นประมาท"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "iftira"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "hakaret"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "náklep",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "на́клеп"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "póklep",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "по́клеп"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "betnam",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "بەتنام"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "tuhmat"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"word": "boʻhton"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication",
"tags": [
"dated",
"literary"
],
"word": "iftiro"
}
],
"word": "defamation"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (ae36afe and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.