See cochineal in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cochenillin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cochinealed"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cochineal fig"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Opuntia cochinillifera",
"word": "cochineal tree"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
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"word": "lac cochineal"
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"name": "der"
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"expansion": "Latin coccineus",
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"args": {
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"3": "κόκκῐνος",
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"t": "scarlet; (figurative) blushing"
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"expansion": "Ancient Greek κόκκῐνος (kókkĭnos, “scarlet; (figurative) blushing”, adjective)",
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"t": "pill bug, especially the common pill bug (Armadillidium vulgare)"
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"etymology_text": "The noun is borrowed from Middle French cochenille (modern French cochenille), from Italian cocciniglia or Spanish cochinilla; further etymology uncertain, possibly from Latin coccineus, coccinus (“scarlet-dyed; scarlet in colour”) (whence Italian coccineo (“scarlet in colour”)) + Italian -iglia (suffix forming collective nouns), Spanish -illa (“diminutive suffix”). Coccinus is derived from Ancient Greek κόκκῐνος (kókkĭnos, “scarlet; (figurative) blushing”, adjective), from κόκκος (kókkos, “kermes oak (Quercus coccifera); insect of the genus Kermes living on the oak; scarlet dye made from crushed kermes insects”) (possibly from Pre-Greek) + -ῐνος (-ĭnos, suffix forming adjectives).\nAccording to the Oxford English Dictionary, cochineal is not derived from Spanish cochinilla (“pill bug, especially the common pill bug (Armadillidium vulgare)”), a diminutive of cochina (“female pig, sow”) (from the animal’s shape), which coincidentally has the same spelling as cochinilla (“cochineal”).\nThe adjective is derived from the noun.",
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "1697, William Dampier, chapter VIII, in A New Voyage Round the World. […], London: […] James Knapton, […], →OCLC, pages 228–229:",
"text": "The Cochineel is an Inſect, bred in a ſort of Fruit much like the Prickle Pear. […] The Silveſter gives a colour almoſt as fair as the Cochineel; and ſo like it as to be often miſtaken for it, but it is not near ſo valuable.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1930, André Gide, “Back Again”, in Dorothy Bussy, transl., Travels in the Congo […], red seal edition, New York, N.Y.: Modern Age Books, published 1937, →OCLC, part 2 (Back from the Chad), page 194:",
"text": "A prodigious quantity of insects of all sorts (but no mosquitoes) assailed us at our evening meal. […] There were some that were larger—earwigs, cochineals, a little mole-cricket, and an enormous mantis. I stuffed a number of them into my poison-bottle.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1936, H. K. Munro, F. A. Fouché, “Introduction”, in A List of the Scale Insects and Mealy Bugs (Coccidae) and Their Host-plants in South Africa = ’n Lys van die Dopluise en Wolluise (Coccidae) en hul Voedsterplante in Suid-Afrika (Union of South Africa, Department of Agriculture and Forestry Bulletin; no. 158), Pretoria, South Africa: Government printer, →OCLC, page 6:",
"text": "The cochineal insects belong to the genus Dactylopius and are interesting not only on account of the dye, used in confectionery, that is obtained from them, but also because of the effect certain kinds have on their host-plants. The cochineals that infest certain kinds of prickly pear of the genus Monacantha have such an adverse effect on the plants, that the latter are completely destroyed. […] One of the cochineals that infest the last-named does have a killing effect at times, but by no means so marked.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2003, Thomas Eisner, “The Opportunists”, in For the Love of Insects, Cambridge, Mass.; London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, →ISBN, page 318:",
"text": "The red dye—or cochineal red as it is called—is present in the body of cochineals, as is clearly apparent if one of the bugs is accidentally squashed. Cochineals were cultivated for their dye in the New World long before the arrival of the Spaniards. When Hernán Cortés entered Mexico in 1519 he was much taken by the widespread use of red in Aztec culture, and was downright dazzled by the magnificence of Montezuma's [i.e., Moctezuma II's] robe.",
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"glosses": [
"A scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus, native to the tropical and subtropical Americas, which lives on prickly pear cacti (genus Opuntia)."
],
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"(countable) A scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus, native to the tropical and subtropical Americas, which lives on prickly pear cacti (genus Opuntia)."
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{
"_dis1": "95 5 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "دودة قرمزية"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "koşenil"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5 0",
"code": "eu",
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"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "kotxinilla"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5 0",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "kukurutxa"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kašanilʹ",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "кашаніль"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cotxinilla"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5 0",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "ngaa⁴ laan¹ mai⁵",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "呀囒米 /呀𪢠米"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5 0",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "jin¹ zi¹ cung⁴",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "胭脂蟲 /胭脂虫"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yānzhichóng, yānzhīchóng",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "胭脂蟲 /胭脂虫"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "červec nopálový"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "nopálovec karmínový"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "cochenillelus"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "cochenilleluis"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "koĉo"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5 0",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "kilptäi"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "kokenillikirva"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cochenille"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cochinilla"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳošenili",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "კოშენილი"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Cochenille"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5 0",
"code": "de",
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"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "Cochenillelaus"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5 0",
"code": "de",
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"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "Cochenilleschildlaus"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5 0",
"code": "he",
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"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "כנימת קוכיניאל"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5 0",
"code": "hi",
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"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "क़िरमिज़"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5 0",
"code": "hu",
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"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "bíborbogár"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5 0",
"code": "hu",
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"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "bíbortetű"
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"_dis1": "95 5 0",
"code": "hu",
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"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "pirék"
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"_dis1": "95 5 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "carnaid"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cocciniglia"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5 0",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kochinīrukaigaramushi",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "コチニールカイガラムシ"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5 0",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "enjimushi",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "臙脂虫"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5 0",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "kkakjibeolle",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "깍지벌레"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5 0",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "yeonjibeolle",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "연지벌레"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5 0",
"code": "frr",
"lang": "North Frisian",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "cochenille"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5 0",
"code": "frr",
"lang": "North Frisian",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "cochenillelüs"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "cochenillelus"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5 0",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "قرمزدانه مکزیکی"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "czerwiec kaktusowy"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cochinilha"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cochonilha"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "košenílʹ",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кошени́ль"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5 0",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "košeniljka"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cochinilla"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "koschenillsköldlus"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "košenílʹ",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кошені́ль"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "červécʹ",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "черве́ць"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5 0",
"alt": "燕脂蟲",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "bọ yên chi"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5 0",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "rệp son"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cochbryf"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1527, R[ichard] H[akluyt], compiler, “Notes Framed by a Gentleman heretofore to bee Giuen to One that Prepared for a Discouerie, and Went Not: And Not Unfitt to be Committed to Print, Considering the Same may Stirre up Considerations of These and of such Other Thinges, Not Unmeete in such New Voyages as may be Attempted hereafter”, in Divers Voyages Touching the Discouerie of America, and the Ilands adiacent vnto the Same, […], London: […] [Thomas Dawson] for Thomas Woodcocke, […], published 1582, →OCLC, signatures K2, recto – K2, verso:",
"text": "Or if you can finde the berrie of Cochenile with whiche wee colour Stammelles, or any Roote, Berrie, Fruite, wood or earth fitte for dying, you winne a notable thing fitt for our ſtate of clothing. This Cochenile is naturall in the west Indies on that firme.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "[1598, John Florio, “Cociniglia”, in A Worlde of Words, or Most Copious, and Exact Dictionarie in Italian and English, […], London: […] Arnold Hatfield for Edw[ard] Blount, →OCLC, page 75, column 3:",
"text": "Cociniglia, a kinde of rich flie or graine comming out of India to dye ſcarlet vvith, called Cutchenele.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1608, [Guillaume de Salluste] Du Bartas, “[Du Bartas His Second VVeeke, […]. Adam. […].] Eden. The I. Part of the I. Day of the II. Week.”, in Josuah Sylvester, transl., Du Bartas His Deuine Weekes and Workes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Humfrey Lownes [and are to be sold by Arthur Iohnson […]], published 1611, →OCLC, page 231:",
"text": "There liues the Sea-oake, in a little ſhel; / There grovves vntill'd the ruddy Cochenel: […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1615 December 18 (Gregorian calendar), Daniel Baker, “The Examination of Daniel Baker, Late Steward to Captaine Iohn Smith, in the Returne of Plimoth, Taken before Sir Lewis Stukeley Knight, the Eighth of December, 1615”, in Iohn Smith, The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles: […], London: […] I[ohn] D[awson] and I[ohn] H[aviland] for Michael Sparkes, published 1624, →OCLC, book 6; reprinted in The Generall Historie of Virginia, … (Bibliotheca Americana), Cleveland, Oh.: The World Publishing Company, 1966, →OCLC, pages 224–225:",
"text": "VVithin a day or tvvo after, vve met a VVest-Indies man of vvarre, of one hundred and ſixtie tuns, a fore noone vvee fought vvith her, and then tooke her vvith one thouſand one hundred Hides, fiftie Cheſts of Cutchanele, foureteene Coffers of vvedges of Siluer, eight thouſand Rialls of eight, and ſix Coffers of the King of Spaines Treaſure, beſides the good pillage and rich Coffers of many rich Paſſengers.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1622, John Fletcher, Philip Massinger [et al.?], “Beggars Bush”, in Comedies and Tragedies […], London: […] Humphrey Robinson, […], and for Humphrey Moseley […], published 1647, →OCLC, Act I, scene ii, page 77, column 2:",
"text": "Flo[rez]. Are you the ovvners / Of the ſhip that laſt night put into the Harbour? / 1 Mar[chant]. Both of the Ship, and lading. / Flo. VVhat's the fraught? / 1 Mar. Indico, Quitchineel, choiſe Chyna ſtuffs.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1725, James Coats, “PURPURE”, in A New Dictionary of Heraldry, Explaining the Terms Us’d in That Science, with Their Etymology, and Different Versions into Latin. […], revised edition, London: […] Jer. Batley […], →OCLC, pages 289–290:",
"text": "From this Fiſh [purpura in Latin] the Tyrians drevv a Liquor, vvith vvhich they dy'd Purple, and therefore it vvas call'd Tyrius color. This vvas in thoſe Days, vvhen they knevv no other VVay of dying this Colour, and therefore it vvas exceſſive dear, and only fit for the greateſt Perſons. Aftervvards the Scarlet Berries vvere found upon the Scarlet Oak, vvhich exceeded the Bevvty of the former Colour, and ſince then the VVeſt India Cochinille, has put dovvn both.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1726, Antonio de Herrera [i.e., Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas], “The Remaining Actions of Nuño de Guzman, and Description of the Kingdom of New Galizia”, in John Stevens, transl., The General History of the Vast Continent and Islands of America, Commonly Call’d, the West-Indies, from the First Discovery Thereof: […], volume IV, London: […] Jer. Batley […], →OCLC, page 111:",
"text": "There is a Grove of Tuna-Trees above fifty Leagues in Length, vvhere above an hundred Tun of Cochinille might be gather'd every Year.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1751, Geronymo de Uztariz [i.e., Luis Jerónimo of Uztáriz and Hemiaga], “The Importance of Enforcing the Laws already Made in Spain in Favour of an Active Commerce. […]”, in John Kippax, transl., The Theory and Practice of Commerce and Maritime Affairs. […], volume II, London: […] John and James Rivington, […]; and John Crofts, […], →OCLC, page 404:",
"text": "Naples, the capital and court of that kingdom, has alſo a conſiderable trade, and vve may likevviſe find there a good market for many American commodities, ſuch as tobacco, cacao, ſugar, cochinille &c. by bartering them for linens, ravv ſilk, and other things.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2003, Thomas Eisner, “The Opportunists”, in For the Love of Insects, Cambridge, Mass.; London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, →ISBN, page 318:",
"text": "The red dye—or cochineal red as it is called—is present in the body of cochineals, as is clearly apparent if one of the bugs is accidentally squashed. […] The dye was an instant success and it spawned an industry. By the year 1600, cochineal had already become one of Mexico's prime exports, second only to silver and gold in value on a pound-per-pound basis. […] From the region of Oaxaca alone, for the period 1758 to 1780, the production of cochineal amounted on average to about 1 million pounds per year.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A vivid red dye made from the dried bodies of cochineal insects."
],
"id": "en-cochineal-en-noun-en:dye",
"links": [
[
"vivid",
"vivid#Adjective"
],
[
"red",
"red#Adjective"
],
[
"dye",
"dye#Noun"
],
[
"dried",
"dried#Adjective"
],
[
"bodies",
"body#Noun"
],
[
"insect",
"insect"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) A vivid red dye made from the dried bodies of cochineal insects."
],
"senseid": [
"en:dye"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "E120"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 56 40",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "ordan karmir",
"sense": "vivid red dye made from the dried bodies of cochineal insects; vivid red colour of this dye",
"word": "որդան կարմիր"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 56 40",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "vivid red dye made from the dried bodies of cochineal insects; vivid red colour of this dye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cotxinilla"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 56 40",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yānzhīchónghóng",
"sense": "vivid red dye made from the dried bodies of cochineal insects; vivid red colour of this dye",
"word": "胭脂蟲紅 /胭脂虫红"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 56 40",
"code": "nci",
"lang": "Classical Nahuatl",
"sense": "vivid red dye made from the dried bodies of cochineal insects; vivid red colour of this dye",
"word": "nōcheztli"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 56 40",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "vivid red dye made from the dried bodies of cochineal insects; vivid red colour of this dye",
"word": "koĉenilo"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 56 40",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "vivid red dye made from the dried bodies of cochineal insects; vivid red colour of this dye",
"word": "košenill"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 56 40",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "vivid red dye made from the dried bodies of cochineal insects; vivid red colour of this dye",
"word": "kokkiniili"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 56 40",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "vivid red dye made from the dried bodies of cochineal insects; vivid red colour of this dye",
"word": "karmiini"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 56 40",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "vivid red dye made from the dried bodies of cochineal insects; vivid red colour of this dye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cochenille"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 56 40",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "qirmiz",
"sense": "vivid red dye made from the dried bodies of cochineal insects; vivid red colour of this dye",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "क़िरमिज़"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 56 40",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "vivid red dye made from the dried bodies of cochineal insects; vivid red colour of this dye",
"word": "kárminsav"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 56 40",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "vivid red dye made from the dried bodies of cochineal insects; vivid red colour of this dye",
"word": "kárminvörös"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 56 40",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "vivid red dye made from the dried bodies of cochineal insects; vivid red colour of this dye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cocciniglia"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 56 40",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kochinīru",
"sense": "vivid red dye made from the dried bodies of cochineal insects; vivid red colour of this dye",
"word": "コチニール"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 56 40",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "kochinil",
"sense": "vivid red dye made from the dried bodies of cochineal insects; vivid red colour of this dye",
"word": "코치닐"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 56 40",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "košenílʹ",
"sense": "vivid red dye made from the dried bodies of cochineal insects; vivid red colour of this dye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кошени́ль"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 56 40",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "vivid red dye made from the dried bodies of cochineal insects; vivid red colour of this dye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cochinilla"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 56 40",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "vivid red dye made from the dried bodies of cochineal insects; vivid red colour of this dye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grana"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 56 40",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "vivid red dye made from the dried bodies of cochineal insects; vivid red colour of this dye",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "koschenill"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 56 40",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "košenílʹ",
"sense": "vivid red dye made from the dried bodies of cochineal insects; vivid red colour of this dye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кошені́ль"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 56 40",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "vivid red dye made from the dried bodies of cochineal insects; vivid red colour of this dye",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cochbryf"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "cochineal:"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1621–1623 (date written), Philip Massinger, The Maid of Honour. […], London: […] I[ohn] B[eale] for Robert Allot, […], published 1632, →OCLC, Act V, scene i, signature [K4], recto:",
"text": "And I to make all knovv, I am not ſhallovv / VVill have my points [i.e., lace] of Cucchineale and yellovv.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2000, Zampanò [pseudonym; Mark Z. Danielewski], “The Navidson Record. Chapter IV.”, in House of Leaves, 2nd edition, New York, N.Y.: Pantheon Books, →ISBN, footnote 33, page 26:",
"text": "These days, I'm an apprentice at a tattoo shop on Sunset. […] I just keep staring at all the ink we have, that wild variety of color, everything from rootbeer, midnight blue and cochineal to mauve, light doe, lilac, south sea green, maize, even pelican black, all lined up in these plastic caps, […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The vivid red colour of this dye."
],
"id": "en-cochineal-en-noun-SjlS8HKe",
"links": [
[
"colour",
"color#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) The vivid red colour of this dye."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌkɒt͡ʃɪˈniːl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cochineal.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cochineal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cochineal.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cochineal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cochineal.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌkɑt͡ʃɪˈni(ə)l/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɑt͡ʃəˌni(ə)l/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iːl"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "cochinille"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oxford English Dictionary"
],
"word": "cochineal"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Dactylopius coccus",
"2": "species"
},
"expansion": "Dactylopius coccus",
"name": "taxlink"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "English",
"name": "langname"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "insect"
},
"expansion": "sense 1",
"name": "senseno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "English",
"name": "langname"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dye"
},
"expansion": "sense 2",
"name": "senseno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-lós"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "cochenille"
},
"expansion": "Middle French cochenille",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "cochenille"
},
"expansion": "French cochenille",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "it",
"3": "cocciniglia"
},
"expansion": "Italian cocciniglia",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "es",
"3": "cochinilla"
},
"expansion": "Spanish cochinilla",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "coccineus"
},
"expansion": "Latin coccineus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "coccineo",
"t": "scarlet in colour"
},
"expansion": "Italian coccineo (“scarlet in colour”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "collective noun"
},
"expansion": "collective noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "-iglia",
"pos": "suffix forming collective nouns"
},
"expansion": "Italian -iglia (suffix forming collective nouns)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "diminutive"
},
"expansion": "diminutive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "-illa",
"t": "diminutive suffix"
},
"expansion": "Spanish -illa (“diminutive suffix”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "κόκκῐνος",
"pos": "adjective",
"t": "scarlet; (figurative) blushing"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κόκκῐνος (kókkĭnos, “scarlet; (figurative) blushing”, adjective)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "qsb-grc"
},
"expansion": "Pre-Greek",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "cochinilla",
"t": "pill bug, especially the common pill bug (Armadillidium vulgare)"
},
"expansion": "Spanish cochinilla (“pill bug, especially the common pill bug (Armadillidium vulgare)”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "diminutive"
},
"expansion": "diminutive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The noun is borrowed from Middle French cochenille (modern French cochenille), from Italian cocciniglia or Spanish cochinilla; further etymology uncertain, possibly from Latin coccineus, coccinus (“scarlet-dyed; scarlet in colour”) (whence Italian coccineo (“scarlet in colour”)) + Italian -iglia (suffix forming collective nouns), Spanish -illa (“diminutive suffix”). Coccinus is derived from Ancient Greek κόκκῐνος (kókkĭnos, “scarlet; (figurative) blushing”, adjective), from κόκκος (kókkos, “kermes oak (Quercus coccifera); insect of the genus Kermes living on the oak; scarlet dye made from crushed kermes insects”) (possibly from Pre-Greek) + -ῐνος (-ĭnos, suffix forming adjectives).\nAccording to the Oxford English Dictionary, cochineal is not derived from Spanish cochinilla (“pill bug, especially the common pill bug (Armadillidium vulgare)”), a diminutive of cochina (“female pig, sow”) (from the animal’s shape), which coincidentally has the same spelling as cochinilla (“cochineal”).\nThe adjective is derived from the noun.",
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"ref": "1936 June, R. M. H., “The Cottage Tulips”, in Breeze Hill News, volume II, number 10, Harrisburg, Pa.: J[ohn] Horace McFarland Company, Mount Pleasant Press, →OCLC:",
"text": "Batavus [a tulip variety], of somewhat the same shade, was slightly taller, and perhaps with a little more cochineal color.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1997, Richard Pankhurst, “The North: The Land of the Afars, the Country of Bahr Nägash, and Massawa”, in The Ethiopian Borderlands: Essays in Regional History from Ancient Times to the End of the 18th Century, Lawrenceville, N.J.; Asmara, Eritrea: The Red Sea Press, →ISBN, part VI (The Oromo Migration and the Gondarine Monarchy (1522–1800)), page 416:",
"text": "The principal imports arriving by sea, then as previously, were textiles, among them coarse cotton cloth, known as Surat, the Indian port from which they were shipped, as well as blue cotton cloth and cochineal cloth called kemis, fine cloth from various parts of India, coarse white cotton cloth, and unspun cotton in balls from Yaman.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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"Possessing a vivid red colour, as or as if produced from dyeing with cochineal dye (noun sense 2)."
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"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "possessing a vivid red colour",
"word": "karmiininpunainen"
}
]
}
],
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"word": "cochineal"
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"en:Dyes",
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"word": "cochenillin"
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{
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{
"word": "cochineal fig"
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{
"taxonomic": "Opuntia cochinillifera",
"word": "cochineal tree"
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"word": "lac cochineal"
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"name": "der"
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"etymology_text": "The noun is borrowed from Middle French cochenille (modern French cochenille), from Italian cocciniglia or Spanish cochinilla; further etymology uncertain, possibly from Latin coccineus, coccinus (“scarlet-dyed; scarlet in colour”) (whence Italian coccineo (“scarlet in colour”)) + Italian -iglia (suffix forming collective nouns), Spanish -illa (“diminutive suffix”). Coccinus is derived from Ancient Greek κόκκῐνος (kókkĭnos, “scarlet; (figurative) blushing”, adjective), from κόκκος (kókkos, “kermes oak (Quercus coccifera); insect of the genus Kermes living on the oak; scarlet dye made from crushed kermes insects”) (possibly from Pre-Greek) + -ῐνος (-ĭnos, suffix forming adjectives).\nAccording to the Oxford English Dictionary, cochineal is not derived from Spanish cochinilla (“pill bug, especially the common pill bug (Armadillidium vulgare)”), a diminutive of cochina (“female pig, sow”) (from the animal’s shape), which coincidentally has the same spelling as cochinilla (“cochineal”).\nThe adjective is derived from the noun.",
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}
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "1697, William Dampier, chapter VIII, in A New Voyage Round the World. […], London: […] James Knapton, […], →OCLC, pages 228–229:",
"text": "The Cochineel is an Inſect, bred in a ſort of Fruit much like the Prickle Pear. […] The Silveſter gives a colour almoſt as fair as the Cochineel; and ſo like it as to be often miſtaken for it, but it is not near ſo valuable.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1930, André Gide, “Back Again”, in Dorothy Bussy, transl., Travels in the Congo […], red seal edition, New York, N.Y.: Modern Age Books, published 1937, →OCLC, part 2 (Back from the Chad), page 194:",
"text": "A prodigious quantity of insects of all sorts (but no mosquitoes) assailed us at our evening meal. […] There were some that were larger—earwigs, cochineals, a little mole-cricket, and an enormous mantis. I stuffed a number of them into my poison-bottle.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1936, H. K. Munro, F. A. Fouché, “Introduction”, in A List of the Scale Insects and Mealy Bugs (Coccidae) and Their Host-plants in South Africa = ’n Lys van die Dopluise en Wolluise (Coccidae) en hul Voedsterplante in Suid-Afrika (Union of South Africa, Department of Agriculture and Forestry Bulletin; no. 158), Pretoria, South Africa: Government printer, →OCLC, page 6:",
"text": "The cochineal insects belong to the genus Dactylopius and are interesting not only on account of the dye, used in confectionery, that is obtained from them, but also because of the effect certain kinds have on their host-plants. The cochineals that infest certain kinds of prickly pear of the genus Monacantha have such an adverse effect on the plants, that the latter are completely destroyed. […] One of the cochineals that infest the last-named does have a killing effect at times, but by no means so marked.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2003, Thomas Eisner, “The Opportunists”, in For the Love of Insects, Cambridge, Mass.; London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, →ISBN, page 318:",
"text": "The red dye—or cochineal red as it is called—is present in the body of cochineals, as is clearly apparent if one of the bugs is accidentally squashed. Cochineals were cultivated for their dye in the New World long before the arrival of the Spaniards. When Hernán Cortés entered Mexico in 1519 he was much taken by the widespread use of red in Aztec culture, and was downright dazzled by the magnificence of Montezuma's [i.e., Moctezuma II's] robe.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
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{
"ref": "1527, R[ichard] H[akluyt], compiler, “Notes Framed by a Gentleman heretofore to bee Giuen to One that Prepared for a Discouerie, and Went Not: And Not Unfitt to be Committed to Print, Considering the Same may Stirre up Considerations of These and of such Other Thinges, Not Unmeete in such New Voyages as may be Attempted hereafter”, in Divers Voyages Touching the Discouerie of America, and the Ilands adiacent vnto the Same, […], London: […] [Thomas Dawson] for Thomas Woodcocke, […], published 1582, →OCLC, signatures K2, recto – K2, verso:",
"text": "Or if you can finde the berrie of Cochenile with whiche wee colour Stammelles, or any Roote, Berrie, Fruite, wood or earth fitte for dying, you winne a notable thing fitt for our ſtate of clothing. This Cochenile is naturall in the west Indies on that firme.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "[1598, John Florio, “Cociniglia”, in A Worlde of Words, or Most Copious, and Exact Dictionarie in Italian and English, […], London: […] Arnold Hatfield for Edw[ard] Blount, →OCLC, page 75, column 3:",
"text": "Cociniglia, a kinde of rich flie or graine comming out of India to dye ſcarlet vvith, called Cutchenele.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1608, [Guillaume de Salluste] Du Bartas, “[Du Bartas His Second VVeeke, […]. Adam. […].] Eden. The I. Part of the I. Day of the II. Week.”, in Josuah Sylvester, transl., Du Bartas His Deuine Weekes and Workes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Humfrey Lownes [and are to be sold by Arthur Iohnson […]], published 1611, →OCLC, page 231:",
"text": "There liues the Sea-oake, in a little ſhel; / There grovves vntill'd the ruddy Cochenel: […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1615 December 18 (Gregorian calendar), Daniel Baker, “The Examination of Daniel Baker, Late Steward to Captaine Iohn Smith, in the Returne of Plimoth, Taken before Sir Lewis Stukeley Knight, the Eighth of December, 1615”, in Iohn Smith, The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles: […], London: […] I[ohn] D[awson] and I[ohn] H[aviland] for Michael Sparkes, published 1624, →OCLC, book 6; reprinted in The Generall Historie of Virginia, … (Bibliotheca Americana), Cleveland, Oh.: The World Publishing Company, 1966, →OCLC, pages 224–225:",
"text": "VVithin a day or tvvo after, vve met a VVest-Indies man of vvarre, of one hundred and ſixtie tuns, a fore noone vvee fought vvith her, and then tooke her vvith one thouſand one hundred Hides, fiftie Cheſts of Cutchanele, foureteene Coffers of vvedges of Siluer, eight thouſand Rialls of eight, and ſix Coffers of the King of Spaines Treaſure, beſides the good pillage and rich Coffers of many rich Paſſengers.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1622, John Fletcher, Philip Massinger [et al.?], “Beggars Bush”, in Comedies and Tragedies […], London: […] Humphrey Robinson, […], and for Humphrey Moseley […], published 1647, →OCLC, Act I, scene ii, page 77, column 2:",
"text": "Flo[rez]. Are you the ovvners / Of the ſhip that laſt night put into the Harbour? / 1 Mar[chant]. Both of the Ship, and lading. / Flo. VVhat's the fraught? / 1 Mar. Indico, Quitchineel, choiſe Chyna ſtuffs.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1725, James Coats, “PURPURE”, in A New Dictionary of Heraldry, Explaining the Terms Us’d in That Science, with Their Etymology, and Different Versions into Latin. […], revised edition, London: […] Jer. Batley […], →OCLC, pages 289–290:",
"text": "From this Fiſh [purpura in Latin] the Tyrians drevv a Liquor, vvith vvhich they dy'd Purple, and therefore it vvas call'd Tyrius color. This vvas in thoſe Days, vvhen they knevv no other VVay of dying this Colour, and therefore it vvas exceſſive dear, and only fit for the greateſt Perſons. Aftervvards the Scarlet Berries vvere found upon the Scarlet Oak, vvhich exceeded the Bevvty of the former Colour, and ſince then the VVeſt India Cochinille, has put dovvn both.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1726, Antonio de Herrera [i.e., Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas], “The Remaining Actions of Nuño de Guzman, and Description of the Kingdom of New Galizia”, in John Stevens, transl., The General History of the Vast Continent and Islands of America, Commonly Call’d, the West-Indies, from the First Discovery Thereof: […], volume IV, London: […] Jer. Batley […], →OCLC, page 111:",
"text": "There is a Grove of Tuna-Trees above fifty Leagues in Length, vvhere above an hundred Tun of Cochinille might be gather'd every Year.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1751, Geronymo de Uztariz [i.e., Luis Jerónimo of Uztáriz and Hemiaga], “The Importance of Enforcing the Laws already Made in Spain in Favour of an Active Commerce. […]”, in John Kippax, transl., The Theory and Practice of Commerce and Maritime Affairs. […], volume II, London: […] John and James Rivington, […]; and John Crofts, […], →OCLC, page 404:",
"text": "Naples, the capital and court of that kingdom, has alſo a conſiderable trade, and vve may likevviſe find there a good market for many American commodities, ſuch as tobacco, cacao, ſugar, cochinille &c. by bartering them for linens, ravv ſilk, and other things.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2003, Thomas Eisner, “The Opportunists”, in For the Love of Insects, Cambridge, Mass.; London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, →ISBN, page 318:",
"text": "The red dye—or cochineal red as it is called—is present in the body of cochineals, as is clearly apparent if one of the bugs is accidentally squashed. […] The dye was an instant success and it spawned an industry. By the year 1600, cochineal had already become one of Mexico's prime exports, second only to silver and gold in value on a pound-per-pound basis. […] From the region of Oaxaca alone, for the period 1758 to 1780, the production of cochineal amounted on average to about 1 million pounds per year.",
"type": "quote"
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],
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{
"word": "E120"
}
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{
"ref": "c. 1621–1623 (date written), Philip Massinger, The Maid of Honour. […], London: […] I[ohn] B[eale] for Robert Allot, […], published 1632, →OCLC, Act V, scene i, signature [K4], recto:",
"text": "And I to make all knovv, I am not ſhallovv / VVill have my points [i.e., lace] of Cucchineale and yellovv.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2000, Zampanò [pseudonym; Mark Z. Danielewski], “The Navidson Record. Chapter IV.”, in House of Leaves, 2nd edition, New York, N.Y.: Pantheon Books, →ISBN, footnote 33, page 26:",
"text": "These days, I'm an apprentice at a tattoo shop on Sunset. […] I just keep staring at all the ink we have, that wild variety of color, everything from rootbeer, midnight blue and cochineal to mauve, light doe, lilac, south sea green, maize, even pelican black, all lined up in these plastic caps, […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The vivid red colour of this dye."
],
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],
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"(uncountable) The vivid red colour of this dye."
],
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}
],
"sounds": [
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},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cochineal.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cochineal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cochineal.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cochineal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cochineal.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌkɑt͡ʃɪˈni(ə)l/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɑt͡ʃəˌni(ə)l/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iːl"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "cochinille"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "دودة قرمزية"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "koşenil"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "kotxinilla"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "kukurutxa"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kašanilʹ",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "кашаніль"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cotxinilla"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "ngaa⁴ laan¹ mai⁵",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "呀囒米 /呀𪢠米"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "jin¹ zi¹ cung⁴",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "胭脂蟲 /胭脂虫"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yānzhichóng, yānzhīchóng",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "胭脂蟲 /胭脂虫"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "červec nopálový"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "nopálovec karmínový"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "cochenillelus"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "cochenilleluis"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "koĉo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "kilptäi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "kokenillikirva"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cochenille"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cochinilla"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳošenili",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "კოშენილი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Cochenille"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Cochenillelaus"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Cochenilleschildlaus"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "כנימת קוכיניאל"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "qirmiz",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "क़िरमिज़"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "bíborbogár"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "bíbortetű"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "pirék"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "carnaid"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cocciniglia"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kochinīrukaigaramushi",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "コチニールカイガラムシ"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "enjimushi",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "臙脂虫"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "kkakjibeolle",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "깍지벌레"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "yeonjibeolle",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "연지벌레"
},
{
"code": "frr",
"lang": "North Frisian",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "cochenille"
},
{
"code": "frr",
"lang": "North Frisian",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "cochenillelüs"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "cochenillelus"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "قرمزدانه مکزیکی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "czerwiec kaktusowy"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cochinilha"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cochonilha"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "košenílʹ",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кошени́ль"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "košeniljka"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cochinilla"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "koschenillsköldlus"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "košenílʹ",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кошені́ль"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "červécʹ",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "черве́ць"
},
{
"alt": "燕脂蟲",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "bọ yên chi"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"word": "rệp son"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cochbryf"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "ordan karmir",
"sense": "vivid red dye made from the dried bodies of cochineal insects; vivid red colour of this dye",
"word": "որդան կարմիր"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "vivid red dye made from the dried bodies of cochineal insects; vivid red colour of this dye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cotxinilla"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yānzhīchónghóng",
"sense": "vivid red dye made from the dried bodies of cochineal insects; vivid red colour of this dye",
"word": "胭脂蟲紅 /胭脂虫红"
},
{
"code": "nci",
"lang": "Classical Nahuatl",
"sense": "vivid red dye made from the dried bodies of cochineal insects; vivid red colour of this dye",
"word": "nōcheztli"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "vivid red dye made from the dried bodies of cochineal insects; vivid red colour of this dye",
"word": "koĉenilo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "vivid red dye made from the dried bodies of cochineal insects; vivid red colour of this dye",
"word": "košenill"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "vivid red dye made from the dried bodies of cochineal insects; vivid red colour of this dye",
"word": "kokkiniili"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "vivid red dye made from the dried bodies of cochineal insects; vivid red colour of this dye",
"word": "karmiini"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "vivid red dye made from the dried bodies of cochineal insects; vivid red colour of this dye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cochenille"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "qirmiz",
"sense": "vivid red dye made from the dried bodies of cochineal insects; vivid red colour of this dye",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "क़िरमिज़"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "vivid red dye made from the dried bodies of cochineal insects; vivid red colour of this dye",
"word": "kárminsav"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "vivid red dye made from the dried bodies of cochineal insects; vivid red colour of this dye",
"word": "kárminvörös"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "vivid red dye made from the dried bodies of cochineal insects; vivid red colour of this dye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cocciniglia"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kochinīru",
"sense": "vivid red dye made from the dried bodies of cochineal insects; vivid red colour of this dye",
"word": "コチニール"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "kochinil",
"sense": "vivid red dye made from the dried bodies of cochineal insects; vivid red colour of this dye",
"word": "코치닐"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "košenílʹ",
"sense": "vivid red dye made from the dried bodies of cochineal insects; vivid red colour of this dye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кошени́ль"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "vivid red dye made from the dried bodies of cochineal insects; vivid red colour of this dye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cochinilla"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "vivid red dye made from the dried bodies of cochineal insects; vivid red colour of this dye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grana"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "vivid red dye made from the dried bodies of cochineal insects; vivid red colour of this dye",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "koschenill"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "košenílʹ",
"sense": "vivid red dye made from the dried bodies of cochineal insects; vivid red colour of this dye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кошені́ль"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "vivid red dye made from the dried bodies of cochineal insects; vivid red colour of this dye",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cochbryf"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oxford English Dictionary"
],
"word": "cochineal"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Italian",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Spanish",
"English terms derived from a Pre-Greek substrate",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *-lós",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for gender in Arabic entries",
"Requests for gender in Basque entries",
"Requests for gender in Czech entries",
"Requests for gender in Danish entries",
"Requests for gender in Hebrew entries",
"Requests for gender in Irish entries",
"Requests for gender in Norwegian Bokmål entries",
"Requests for gender in Slovene entries",
"Rhymes:English/iːl",
"Rhymes:English/iːl/3 syllables",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Cantonese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Classical Nahuatl translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with North Frisian translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Dyes",
"en:Reds",
"en:Scale insects"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Dactylopius coccus",
"2": "species"
},
"expansion": "Dactylopius coccus",
"name": "taxlink"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "English",
"name": "langname"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "insect"
},
"expansion": "sense 1",
"name": "senseno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "English",
"name": "langname"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dye"
},
"expansion": "sense 2",
"name": "senseno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-lós"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "cochenille"
},
"expansion": "Middle French cochenille",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "cochenille"
},
"expansion": "French cochenille",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "it",
"3": "cocciniglia"
},
"expansion": "Italian cocciniglia",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "es",
"3": "cochinilla"
},
"expansion": "Spanish cochinilla",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "coccineus"
},
"expansion": "Latin coccineus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "coccineo",
"t": "scarlet in colour"
},
"expansion": "Italian coccineo (“scarlet in colour”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "collective noun"
},
"expansion": "collective noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "-iglia",
"pos": "suffix forming collective nouns"
},
"expansion": "Italian -iglia (suffix forming collective nouns)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "diminutive"
},
"expansion": "diminutive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "-illa",
"t": "diminutive suffix"
},
"expansion": "Spanish -illa (“diminutive suffix”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "κόκκῐνος",
"pos": "adjective",
"t": "scarlet; (figurative) blushing"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κόκκῐνος (kókkĭnos, “scarlet; (figurative) blushing”, adjective)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "qsb-grc"
},
"expansion": "Pre-Greek",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "cochinilla",
"t": "pill bug, especially the common pill bug (Armadillidium vulgare)"
},
"expansion": "Spanish cochinilla (“pill bug, especially the common pill bug (Armadillidium vulgare)”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "diminutive"
},
"expansion": "diminutive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The noun is borrowed from Middle French cochenille (modern French cochenille), from Italian cocciniglia or Spanish cochinilla; further etymology uncertain, possibly from Latin coccineus, coccinus (“scarlet-dyed; scarlet in colour”) (whence Italian coccineo (“scarlet in colour”)) + Italian -iglia (suffix forming collective nouns), Spanish -illa (“diminutive suffix”). Coccinus is derived from Ancient Greek κόκκῐνος (kókkĭnos, “scarlet; (figurative) blushing”, adjective), from κόκκος (kókkos, “kermes oak (Quercus coccifera); insect of the genus Kermes living on the oak; scarlet dye made from crushed kermes insects”) (possibly from Pre-Greek) + -ῐνος (-ĭnos, suffix forming adjectives).\nAccording to the Oxford English Dictionary, cochineal is not derived from Spanish cochinilla (“pill bug, especially the common pill bug (Armadillidium vulgare)”), a diminutive of cochina (“female pig, sow”) (from the animal’s shape), which coincidentally has the same spelling as cochinilla (“cochineal”).\nThe adjective is derived from the noun.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "cochineal (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"coch‧i‧neal"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1936 June, R. M. H., “The Cottage Tulips”, in Breeze Hill News, volume II, number 10, Harrisburg, Pa.: J[ohn] Horace McFarland Company, Mount Pleasant Press, →OCLC:",
"text": "Batavus [a tulip variety], of somewhat the same shade, was slightly taller, and perhaps with a little more cochineal color.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1997, Richard Pankhurst, “The North: The Land of the Afars, the Country of Bahr Nägash, and Massawa”, in The Ethiopian Borderlands: Essays in Regional History from Ancient Times to the End of the 18th Century, Lawrenceville, N.J.; Asmara, Eritrea: The Red Sea Press, →ISBN, part VI (The Oromo Migration and the Gondarine Monarchy (1522–1800)), page 416:",
"text": "The principal imports arriving by sea, then as previously, were textiles, among them coarse cotton cloth, known as Surat, the Indian port from which they were shipped, as well as blue cotton cloth and cochineal cloth called kemis, fine cloth from various parts of India, coarse white cotton cloth, and unspun cotton in balls from Yaman.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Possessing a vivid red colour, as or as if produced from dyeing with cochineal dye (noun sense 2)."
],
"links": [
[
"Possessing",
"possess"
],
[
"vivid",
"vivid#Adjective"
],
[
"red",
"red#Adjective"
],
[
"colour",
"color#Noun"
],
[
"produced",
"produce#Verb"
],
[
"dyeing",
"dye#Verb"
],
[
"cochineal",
"cochineal#Noun"
],
[
"dye",
"dye#Noun"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌkɒt͡ʃɪˈniːl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cochineal.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cochineal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cochineal.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cochineal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cochineal.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌkɑt͡ʃɪˈni(ə)l/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɑt͡ʃəˌni(ə)l/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iːl"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "possessing a vivid red colour",
"word": "karmiininpunainen"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oxford English Dictionary"
],
"word": "cochineal"
}
Download raw JSONL data for cochineal meaning in English (37.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (9a96ef4 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.