See clitic in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for clitic meaning in English (9.2kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "κλιτικός",
"4": "",
"5": "inflexional"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κλιτικός (klitikós, “inflexional”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek κλιτικός (klitikós, “inflexional”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "clitics",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "clitic (plural clitics)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Linguistics",
"orig": "en:Linguistics",
"parents": [
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "affix"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "heteroclitic"
},
{
"word": "oikoclitic"
},
{
"word": "postclitic"
},
{
"word": "proclitic"
},
{
"word": "xenoclitic"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1997, Raffaella Zanuttini, Negation and Clausal Structure, Oxford Studies in Comparative Syntax, page 29",
"text": "In fact, even within the northern Italian dialects, subject clitics do not constitute a syntactically uniform class, as has been convincingly argued in Poletto's work."
},
{
"ref": "2006, Olga Mišeska Tomić, Balkan Sprachbund Morpho-Syntactic Features, page 242",
"text": "In Macedonian, clitic-doubling is a fully-fledged phenomenon. The Macedonian Dat and Acc pronominal clitics, which originate in agreement phrases and move to preverbal position,¹⁰ where they cluster with other clausal clitics, are on their way to becoming mere case markers, which formally distinguish direct and indirect objects from subjects.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2009, Philippe Prévost, The Acquisition of French, Language Acquisition and Language Disorders: 51, page 196",
"text": "Here, we will see that they also have problems with overt pronouns, especially object clitics, whose emergence is more delayed than in typically developing children."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A morpheme that functions like a word, but never appears as an independent word, instead being always attached to a following or preceding word (or, in some cases, within a surrounding word)."
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"topics": [
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "enclitic"
},
{
"topics": [
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "endoclitic"
},
{
"topics": [
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "mesoclitic"
},
{
"topics": [
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "proclitic"
}
],
"id": "en-clitic-en-noun-plEO2L-Q",
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"morpheme",
"morpheme"
],
[
"word",
"word"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) A morpheme that functions like a word, but never appears as an independent word, instead being always attached to a following or preceding word (or, in some cases, within a surrounding word)."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "enclisis"
},
{
"word": "endoclisis"
},
{
"word": "mesoclisis"
},
{
"word": "proclisis"
}
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "klítyka",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "клі́тыка"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "stagadenn"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "klítika",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кли́тика"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "clític"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"word": "附著詞素"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fùzhuó císù",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"word": "附着词素"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "příklonka"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "klitikon"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "cliticum"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"word": "kliitik"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"word": "liidik"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"word": "liidepartikkel"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"word": "liitepartikkeli"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "clitique"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳliṭiḳa",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"word": "კლიტიკა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Klitikon"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "egklitikó",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "εγκλιτικό"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "nitmákh",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "נתמך"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"word": "simulószó"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"word": "klitikum"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"word": "függőszó"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sníkill"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"word": "klitik"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "clitico"
},
{
"alt": "せつご",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "setsugo",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"word": "接語"
},
{
"alt": "接語",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jeobeo",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"word": "접어"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "klitika",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "клитика"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "klitikon"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "klitikon"
},
{
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "vâže-bast",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"word": "واژِهبَسْت"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "klityka"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "clítico"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "clitic"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "klítika",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кли́тика"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "клѝтика"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "klìtika"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "príklonka"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "breznaglasnica"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "naslonka"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "klitika"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "clítico"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "klitikon"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"word": "ingklitik"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "klítyka",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "клі́тика"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gogwyddair"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈklɪtɪk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪtɪk"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-clitic.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-clitic.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-clitic.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-clitic.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-clitic.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "clitic"
}
{
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "affix"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "heteroclitic"
},
{
"word": "oikoclitic"
},
{
"word": "postclitic"
},
{
"word": "proclitic"
},
{
"word": "xenoclitic"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "κλιτικός",
"4": "",
"5": "inflexional"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κλιτικός (klitikós, “inflexional”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek κλιτικός (klitikós, “inflexional”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "clitics",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "clitic (plural clitics)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"topics": [
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "enclitic"
},
{
"topics": [
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "endoclitic"
},
{
"topics": [
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "mesoclitic"
},
{
"topics": [
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "proclitic"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "enclisis"
},
{
"word": "endoclisis"
},
{
"word": "mesoclisis"
},
{
"word": "proclisis"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with quotations",
"Rhymes:English/ɪtɪk",
"Rhymes:English/ɪtɪk/2 syllables",
"en:Linguistics"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1997, Raffaella Zanuttini, Negation and Clausal Structure, Oxford Studies in Comparative Syntax, page 29",
"text": "In fact, even within the northern Italian dialects, subject clitics do not constitute a syntactically uniform class, as has been convincingly argued in Poletto's work."
},
{
"ref": "2006, Olga Mišeska Tomić, Balkan Sprachbund Morpho-Syntactic Features, page 242",
"text": "In Macedonian, clitic-doubling is a fully-fledged phenomenon. The Macedonian Dat and Acc pronominal clitics, which originate in agreement phrases and move to preverbal position,¹⁰ where they cluster with other clausal clitics, are on their way to becoming mere case markers, which formally distinguish direct and indirect objects from subjects.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2009, Philippe Prévost, The Acquisition of French, Language Acquisition and Language Disorders: 51, page 196",
"text": "Here, we will see that they also have problems with overt pronouns, especially object clitics, whose emergence is more delayed than in typically developing children."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A morpheme that functions like a word, but never appears as an independent word, instead being always attached to a following or preceding word (or, in some cases, within a surrounding word)."
],
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"morpheme",
"morpheme"
],
[
"word",
"word"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) A morpheme that functions like a word, but never appears as an independent word, instead being always attached to a following or preceding word (or, in some cases, within a surrounding word)."
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈklɪtɪk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪtɪk"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-clitic.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-clitic.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-clitic.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-clitic.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-clitic.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "klítyka",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "клі́тыка"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "stagadenn"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "klítika",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кли́тика"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "clític"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"word": "附著詞素"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fùzhuó císù",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"word": "附着词素"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "příklonka"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "klitikon"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "cliticum"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"word": "kliitik"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"word": "liidik"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"word": "liidepartikkel"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"word": "liitepartikkeli"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "clitique"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳliṭiḳa",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"word": "კლიტიკა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Klitikon"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "egklitikó",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "εγκλιτικό"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "nitmákh",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "נתמך"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"word": "simulószó"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"word": "klitikum"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"word": "függőszó"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sníkill"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"word": "klitik"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "clitico"
},
{
"alt": "せつご",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "setsugo",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"word": "接語"
},
{
"alt": "接語",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jeobeo",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"word": "접어"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "klitika",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "клитика"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "klitikon"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "klitikon"
},
{
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "vâže-bast",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"word": "واژِهبَسْت"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "klityka"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "clítico"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "clitic"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "klítika",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кли́тика"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "клѝтика"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "klìtika"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "príklonka"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "breznaglasnica"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "naslonka"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "klitika"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "clítico"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "klitikon"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"word": "ingklitik"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "klítyka",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "клі́тика"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "morpheme attached to another word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gogwyddair"
}
],
"word": "clitic"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.