"caltrop" meaning in English

See caltrop in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈkæltɹəp/ [General-American], /ˈkæltɹəp/ [UK], /ˈkɔːltɹəp/ [UK] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-caltrop.wav [US], LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-caltrop.wav [Southern-England] Forms: caltrops [plural]
enPR: kăl'trəp, kôl'trəp Rhymes: -æltɹəp, -æltɹəp, -ɔːltɹəp Etymology: From Old English calcatrippe (“plant that trips”), from Medieval Latin calcatrippa (“thistle”), from Latin calx or calcare + trappa. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|ang|calcatrippe|t=plant that trips}} Old English calcatrippe (“plant that trips”), {{der|en|ML.|calcatrippa|t=thistle}} Medieval Latin calcatrippa (“thistle”), {{der|en|la|calx}} Latin calx, {{m|la|calcare}} calcare, {{m|la|trappa}} trappa Head templates: {{en-noun}} caltrop (plural caltrops)
  1. (weaponry) A small, metal object with spikes arranged so that, when thrown onto the ground, one always faces up as a threat to pedestrians, horses, and vehicles (also used as a heraldic charge). Categories (topical): Heraldic charges, Weapons Translations (weaponry): τρίβολος (tríbolos) [masculine] (Ancient Greek), кальчатка (kalʹčatka) (Belarusian), чычак (čyčak) (Belarusian), драцяны вожык (dracjany vóžyk) (Belarusian), obriülls [masculine] (Catalan), 蒺藜 (jílí) (Chinese Mandarin), voetangel [masculine] (Dutch), kraaienpoot [masculine] (Dutch), jalkapiikki (Finnish), kavioansa (Finnish), chausse-trape (French), pied de corbeau (French), abrollo [masculine] (Galician), Krähenfuß [masculine] (German), Fußangel [feminine] (German), vassulyom (Hungarian), lábtövis (Hungarian), grán catha [masculine] (Irish), tribolo [masculine] (Italian), piede di corvo [masculine] (Italian), 鉄菱 (tetsubishi) (alt: てつびし) (Japanese), 마름쇠 (mareumsoe) (Korean), mūrex [masculine] (Latin), tribulus [masculine] (Latin), abrolho [masculine] (Portuguese), estrepe [masculine] (Portuguese), miguelito [modern] (Portuguese), чесно́к (česnók) (english: garlic) [masculine] (Russian), про́волочный ёж (próvoločnyj jož) [masculine] (Russian), vranina nòga [Roman, feminine] (Serbo-Croatian), abrojo (Spanish), fotangel [common-gender] (Swedish), ขวาก (kwàak) (Thai)
    Sense id: en-caltrop-en-noun-en:weaponry Topics: engineering, government, military, natural-sciences, physical-sciences, politics, tools, war, weaponry Disambiguation of 'weaponry': 79 12 10
  2. (colloquial) The starthistle, Centaurea calcitrapa, a plant with sharp thorns. Tags: colloquial Synonyms (starthistle): knapweed Translations (starthistle): бодлива метличина (bodliva metličina) (Bulgarian), obriülls [masculine] (Catalan), cagatripa [feminine] (Catalan), card vermell [masculine] (Catalan), 紫星薊 (Chinese Mandarin), 紫星蓟 (zǐxīngjì) (Chinese Mandarin), kalketrip [common-gender] (Dutch), piikkikaunokki (Finnish), centaurée chausse-trape (French), chardon étoilé (French), úti imola (Hungarian), abrolho [masculine] (Portuguese), василёк колючеголо́вый (vasiljók koljučegolóvyj) [masculine] (Russian), encojaperros (Spanish), garbanzo del cura (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-caltrop-en-noun-4vTeObz- Disambiguation of 'starthistle': 6 90 5 Disambiguation of 'starthistle': 6 90 5
  3. Any of a number of flowering plants in the family Zygophyllaceae, including several members of the genus Kallstroemia and the species Tribulus terrestris, native to warm temperate and tropical regions. Categories (lifeform): Caltrop family plants, Thistles Synonyms (Tribulus terrestris): puncturevine, cat's head, yellow vine, goathead, burra, gokharu, bindii Translations (Tribulus terrestris): ⁧حَسَك⁩ (ḥasak) [masculine] (Arabic), տատաշ (tataš) (Armenian), dəmirtikan (Azerbaijani), бабини зъби (babini zǎbi) (Bulgarian), tríbol [masculine] (Catalan), 蒺藜 (jílí) (Chinese Mandarin), okarennokki (Finnish), tribule terrestre (French), abrollo [masculine] (Galician), კუროსთავი (ḳurostavi) (Georgian), ტატაში (ṭaṭaši) (Georgian), királydinnye (Hungarian), tribulo comune (Italian), ハマビシ (hamabishi) (Japanese), жьэныпэуц (źɛnəpɛwuc) (Kabardian), tribulus [masculine] (Latin), ба́бин за́б (bábin záb) [masculine] (Macedonian), shash nátʼoh (Navajo), xencere (Northern Kurdish), տատասկ (tatask) (Old Armenian), ⁧خارخاسک⁩ (xâr-xâsak) (Persian), abrolho [masculine] (Portuguese), colții-babei [masculine] (Romanian), я́корец сте́лющийся (jákorec stéljuščijsja) [masculine] (Russian), я́корец назе́мный (jákorec nazémnyj) [masculine] (Russian), abrojo terrestre (Spanish), cadillo (Spanish), cuerno de chivo (Spanish), tribulo (Spanish), cruz maltesa (Spanish), நெருஞ்சி (neruñci) (Tamil), நெருஞ்சில் (neruñcil) (Tamil), கிட்டிரம் (kiṭṭiram) (Tamil), çobançökerten (Turkish), demir dikeni (Turkish)
    Sense id: en-caltrop-en-noun--3G2G~Yr Disambiguation of Caltrop family plants: 12 20 68 Disambiguation of Thistles: 15 28 57 Disambiguation of 'Tribulus terrestris': 0 9 90 Disambiguation of 'Tribulus terrestris': 0 9 90
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: caltrap [weaponry, military, tools, engineering, physical-sciences, natural-sciences, war, government, politics], galtrop [weaponry, military, tools, engineering, physical-sciences, natural-sciences, war, government, politics], cheval trap [weaponry, military, tools, engineering, physical-sciences, natural-sciences, war, government, politics], galthrap [weaponry, military, tools, engineering, physical-sciences, natural-sciences, war, government, politics], galtrap [weaponry, military, tools, engineering, physical-sciences, natural-sciences, war, government, politics], calthrop [weaponry, military, tools, engineering, physical-sciences, natural-sciences, war, government, politics], crow’s foot [weaponry, military, tools, engineering, physical-sciences, natural-sciences, war, government, politics], jackrock [weaponry, military, tools, engineering, physical-sciences, natural-sciences, war, government, politics], caltrap Derived forms: caltrop family (english: Zygophyllaceae), water caltrop Coordinate_terms: spike strip [weaponry, military, tools, engineering, physical-sciences, natural-sciences, war, government, politics]

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for caltrop meaning in English (17.7kB)

{
  "coordinate_terms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "topics": [
        "weaponry",
        "military",
        "tools",
        "engineering",
        "physical-sciences",
        "natural-sciences",
        "war",
        "government",
        "politics"
      ],
      "word": "spike strip"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "Zygophyllaceae",
      "word": "caltrop family"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "water caltrop"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "calcatrippe",
        "t": "plant that trips"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English calcatrippe (“plant that trips”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ML.",
        "3": "calcatrippa",
        "t": "thistle"
      },
      "expansion": "Medieval Latin calcatrippa (“thistle”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "calx"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin calx",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "calcare"
      },
      "expansion": "calcare",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "trappa"
      },
      "expansion": "trappa",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English calcatrippe (“plant that trips”), from Medieval Latin calcatrippa (“thistle”), from Latin calx or calcare + trappa.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "caltrops",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "caltrop (plural caltrops)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Heraldic charges",
          "orig": "en:Heraldic charges",
          "parents": [
            "Heraldry",
            "History",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Weapons",
          "orig": "en:Weapons",
          "parents": [
            "Hunting",
            "Military",
            "Tools",
            "Human activity",
            "Society",
            "Technology",
            "Human behaviour",
            "All topics",
            "Human",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1858, The journal of the British Archaeological Association",
          "text": "[…] her father, the emperor Alexius, who reigned AD 1081-1118, ordered caltrops to be cast in front of his archers […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1954, Joseph Needham, Ling Wang, Science and civilisation in China",
          "text": "By Sung times, several different types of caltrops had been developed. As in earlier times, both caltrops could be made from both wood and iron...",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2000, Alan Vick, Aerospace operations in urban environments: exploring new concepts",
          "text": "Caltrops, tetrahedrons, and similar devices are designed to puncture vehicle tires or limit foot traffic. The standard design has four points.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A small, metal object with spikes arranged so that, when thrown onto the ground, one always faces up as a threat to pedestrians, horses, and vehicles (also used as a heraldic charge)."
      ],
      "id": "en-caltrop-en-noun-en:weaponry",
      "links": [
        [
          "weaponry",
          "weaponry"
        ],
        [
          "spike",
          "spike"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(weaponry) A small, metal object with spikes arranged so that, when thrown onto the ground, one always faces up as a threat to pedestrians, horses, and vehicles (also used as a heraldic charge)."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:weaponry"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "engineering",
        "government",
        "military",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences",
        "politics",
        "tools",
        "war",
        "weaponry"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "79 12 10",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "kalʹčatka",
          "sense": "weaponry",
          "word": "кальчатка"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 12 10",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "čyčak",
          "sense": "weaponry",
          "word": "чычак"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 12 10",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "dracjany vóžyk",
          "sense": "weaponry",
          "word": "драцяны вожык"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 12 10",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "weaponry",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "obriülls"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 12 10",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "jílí",
          "sense": "weaponry",
          "word": "蒺藜"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 12 10",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "weaponry",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "voetangel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 12 10",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "weaponry",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "kraaienpoot"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 12 10",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "weaponry",
          "word": "jalkapiikki"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 12 10",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "weaponry",
          "word": "kavioansa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 12 10",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "weaponry",
          "word": "chausse-trape"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 12 10",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "weaponry",
          "word": "pied de corbeau"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 12 10",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "weaponry",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "abrollo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 12 10",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "weaponry",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Krähenfuß"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 12 10",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "weaponry",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Fußangel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 12 10",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "tríbolos",
          "sense": "weaponry",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "τρίβολος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 12 10",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "weaponry",
          "word": "vassulyom"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 12 10",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "weaponry",
          "word": "lábtövis"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 12 10",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "weaponry",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "grán catha"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 12 10",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "weaponry",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "tribolo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 12 10",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "weaponry",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "piede di corvo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 12 10",
          "alt": "てつびし",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "tetsubishi",
          "sense": "weaponry",
          "word": "鉄菱"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 12 10",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "mareumsoe",
          "sense": "weaponry",
          "word": "마름쇠"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 12 10",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "weaponry",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "mūrex"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 12 10",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "weaponry",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "tribulus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 12 10",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "weaponry",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "abrolho"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 12 10",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "weaponry",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "estrepe"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 12 10",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "weaponry",
          "tags": [
            "modern"
          ],
          "word": "miguelito"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 12 10",
          "code": "ru",
          "english": "garlic",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "česnók",
          "sense": "weaponry",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "чесно́к"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 12 10",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "próvoločnyj jož",
          "sense": "weaponry",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "про́волочный ёж"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 12 10",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "weaponry",
          "tags": [
            "Roman",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "vranina nòga"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 12 10",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "weaponry",
          "word": "abrojo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 12 10",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "weaponry",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "fotangel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 12 10",
          "code": "th",
          "lang": "Thai",
          "roman": "kwàak",
          "sense": "weaponry",
          "word": "ขวาก"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "The starthistle, Centaurea calcitrapa, a plant with sharp thorns."
      ],
      "id": "en-caltrop-en-noun-4vTeObz-",
      "links": [
        [
          "starthistle",
          "starthistle"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(colloquial) The starthistle, Centaurea calcitrapa, a plant with sharp thorns."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "6 90 5",
          "sense": "starthistle",
          "word": "knapweed"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "6 90 5",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "bodliva metličina",
          "sense": "starthistle",
          "word": "бодлива метличина"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 90 5",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "starthistle",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "obriülls"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 90 5",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "starthistle",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "cagatripa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 90 5",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "starthistle",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "card vermell"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 90 5",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "starthistle",
          "word": "紫星薊"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 90 5",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "zǐxīngjì",
          "sense": "starthistle",
          "word": "紫星蓟"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 90 5",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "starthistle",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "kalketrip"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 90 5",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "starthistle",
          "word": "piikkikaunokki"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 90 5",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "starthistle",
          "word": "centaurée chausse-trape"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 90 5",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "starthistle",
          "word": "chardon étoilé"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 90 5",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "starthistle",
          "word": "úti imola"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 90 5",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "starthistle",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "abrolho"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 90 5",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "vasiljók koljučegolóvyj",
          "sense": "starthistle",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "василёк колючеголо́вый"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 90 5",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "starthistle",
          "word": "encojaperros"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 90 5",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "starthistle",
          "word": "garbanzo del cura"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "12 20 68",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Caltrop family plants",
          "orig": "en:Caltrop family plants",
          "parents": [
            "Plants",
            "Shrubs",
            "Trees",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 28 57",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Thistles",
          "orig": "en:Thistles",
          "parents": [
            "Composites",
            "Asterales order plants",
            "Plants",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any of a number of flowering plants in the family Zygophyllaceae, including several members of the genus Kallstroemia and the species Tribulus terrestris, native to warm temperate and tropical regions."
      ],
      "id": "en-caltrop-en-noun--3G2G~Yr",
      "links": [
        [
          "Zygophyllaceae",
          "Zygophyllaceae"
        ],
        [
          "Tribulus terrestris",
          "Tribulus terrestris"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 9 90",
          "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
          "word": "puncturevine"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 9 90",
          "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
          "word": "cat's head"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 9 90",
          "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
          "word": "yellow vine"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 9 90",
          "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
          "word": "goathead"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 9 90",
          "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
          "word": "burra"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 9 90",
          "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
          "word": "gokharu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 9 90",
          "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
          "word": "bindii"
        }
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 9 90",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "ḥasak",
          "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "⁧حَسَك⁩"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 9 90",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "tataš",
          "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
          "word": "տատաշ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 9 90",
          "code": "xcl",
          "lang": "Old Armenian",
          "roman": "tatask",
          "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
          "word": "տատասկ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 9 90",
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
          "word": "dəmirtikan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 9 90",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "babini zǎbi",
          "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
          "word": "бабини зъби"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 9 90",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "tríbol"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 9 90",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "jílí",
          "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
          "word": "蒺藜"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 9 90",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
          "word": "okarennokki"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 9 90",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
          "word": "tribule terrestre"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 9 90",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "abrollo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 9 90",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "ḳurostavi",
          "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
          "word": "კუროსთავი"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 9 90",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "ṭaṭaši",
          "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
          "word": "ტატაში"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 9 90",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
          "word": "királydinnye"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 9 90",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
          "word": "tribulo comune"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 9 90",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "hamabishi",
          "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
          "word": "ハマビシ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 9 90",
          "code": "kbd",
          "lang": "Kabardian",
          "roman": "źɛnəpɛwuc",
          "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
          "word": "жьэныпэуц"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 9 90",
          "code": "kmr",
          "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
          "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
          "word": "xencere"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 9 90",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "tribulus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 9 90",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "bábin záb",
          "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ба́бин за́б"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 9 90",
          "code": "nv",
          "lang": "Navajo",
          "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
          "word": "shash nátʼoh"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 9 90",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "xâr-xâsak",
          "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
          "word": "⁧خارخاسک⁩"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 9 90",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "abrolho"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 9 90",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "colții-babei"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 9 90",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "jákorec stéljuščijsja",
          "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "я́корец сте́лющийся"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 9 90",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "jákorec nazémnyj",
          "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "я́корец назе́мный"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 9 90",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
          "word": "abrojo terrestre"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 9 90",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
          "word": "cadillo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 9 90",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
          "word": "cuerno de chivo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 9 90",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
          "word": "tribulo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 9 90",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
          "word": "cruz maltesa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 9 90",
          "code": "ta",
          "lang": "Tamil",
          "roman": "neruñci",
          "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
          "word": "நெருஞ்சி"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 9 90",
          "code": "ta",
          "lang": "Tamil",
          "roman": "neruñcil",
          "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
          "word": "நெருஞ்சில்"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 9 90",
          "code": "ta",
          "lang": "Tamil",
          "roman": "kiṭṭiram",
          "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
          "word": "கிட்டிரம்"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 9 90",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
          "word": "çobançökerten"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 9 90",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
          "word": "demir dikeni"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkæltɹəp/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-æltɹəp"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkæltɹəp/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkɔːltɹəp/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-æltɹəp"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔːltɹəp"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-caltrop.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-caltrop.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-caltrop.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-caltrop.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-caltrop.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-caltrop.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-caltrop.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-caltrop.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-caltrop.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-caltrop.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "kăl'trəp"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "kôl'trəp"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "topics": [
        "weaponry",
        "military",
        "tools",
        "engineering",
        "physical-sciences",
        "natural-sciences",
        "war",
        "government",
        "politics"
      ],
      "word": "caltrap"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "topics": [
        "weaponry",
        "military",
        "tools",
        "engineering",
        "physical-sciences",
        "natural-sciences",
        "war",
        "government",
        "politics"
      ],
      "word": "galtrop"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "topics": [
        "weaponry",
        "military",
        "tools",
        "engineering",
        "physical-sciences",
        "natural-sciences",
        "war",
        "government",
        "politics"
      ],
      "word": "cheval trap"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "topics": [
        "weaponry",
        "military",
        "tools",
        "engineering",
        "physical-sciences",
        "natural-sciences",
        "war",
        "government",
        "politics"
      ],
      "word": "galthrap"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "topics": [
        "weaponry",
        "military",
        "tools",
        "engineering",
        "physical-sciences",
        "natural-sciences",
        "war",
        "government",
        "politics"
      ],
      "word": "galtrap"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "topics": [
        "weaponry",
        "military",
        "tools",
        "engineering",
        "physical-sciences",
        "natural-sciences",
        "war",
        "government",
        "politics"
      ],
      "word": "calthrop"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "topics": [
        "weaponry",
        "military",
        "tools",
        "engineering",
        "physical-sciences",
        "natural-sciences",
        "war",
        "government",
        "politics"
      ],
      "word": "crow’s foot"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "topics": [
        "weaponry",
        "military",
        "tools",
        "engineering",
        "physical-sciences",
        "natural-sciences",
        "war",
        "government",
        "politics"
      ],
      "word": "jackrock"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "caltrap"
    }
  ],
  "word": "caltrop"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "en:Caltrop family plants",
    "en:Thistles"
  ],
  "coordinate_terms": [
    {
      "topics": [
        "weaponry",
        "military",
        "tools",
        "engineering",
        "physical-sciences",
        "natural-sciences",
        "war",
        "government",
        "politics"
      ],
      "word": "spike strip"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "Zygophyllaceae",
      "word": "caltrop family"
    },
    {
      "word": "water caltrop"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "calcatrippe",
        "t": "plant that trips"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English calcatrippe (“plant that trips”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ML.",
        "3": "calcatrippa",
        "t": "thistle"
      },
      "expansion": "Medieval Latin calcatrippa (“thistle”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "calx"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin calx",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "calcare"
      },
      "expansion": "calcare",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "trappa"
      },
      "expansion": "trappa",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English calcatrippe (“plant that trips”), from Medieval Latin calcatrippa (“thistle”), from Latin calx or calcare + trappa.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "caltrops",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "caltrop (plural caltrops)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned",
        "en:Heraldic charges",
        "en:Weapons"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1858, The journal of the British Archaeological Association",
          "text": "[…] her father, the emperor Alexius, who reigned AD 1081-1118, ordered caltrops to be cast in front of his archers […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1954, Joseph Needham, Ling Wang, Science and civilisation in China",
          "text": "By Sung times, several different types of caltrops had been developed. As in earlier times, both caltrops could be made from both wood and iron...",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2000, Alan Vick, Aerospace operations in urban environments: exploring new concepts",
          "text": "Caltrops, tetrahedrons, and similar devices are designed to puncture vehicle tires or limit foot traffic. The standard design has four points.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A small, metal object with spikes arranged so that, when thrown onto the ground, one always faces up as a threat to pedestrians, horses, and vehicles (also used as a heraldic charge)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "weaponry",
          "weaponry"
        ],
        [
          "spike",
          "spike"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(weaponry) A small, metal object with spikes arranged so that, when thrown onto the ground, one always faces up as a threat to pedestrians, horses, and vehicles (also used as a heraldic charge)."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:weaponry"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "engineering",
        "government",
        "military",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences",
        "politics",
        "tools",
        "war",
        "weaponry"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English colloquialisms",
        "Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The starthistle, Centaurea calcitrapa, a plant with sharp thorns."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "starthistle",
          "starthistle"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(colloquial) The starthistle, Centaurea calcitrapa, a plant with sharp thorns."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Entries using missing taxonomic name (genus)"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any of a number of flowering plants in the family Zygophyllaceae, including several members of the genus Kallstroemia and the species Tribulus terrestris, native to warm temperate and tropical regions."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Zygophyllaceae",
          "Zygophyllaceae"
        ],
        [
          "Tribulus terrestris",
          "Tribulus terrestris"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkæltɹəp/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-æltɹəp"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkæltɹəp/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkɔːltɹəp/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-æltɹəp"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔːltɹəp"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-caltrop.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-caltrop.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-caltrop.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-caltrop.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-caltrop.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-caltrop.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-caltrop.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-caltrop.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-caltrop.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-caltrop.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "kăl'trəp"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "kôl'trəp"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "topics": [
        "weaponry",
        "military",
        "tools",
        "engineering",
        "physical-sciences",
        "natural-sciences",
        "war",
        "government",
        "politics"
      ],
      "word": "caltrap"
    },
    {
      "topics": [
        "weaponry",
        "military",
        "tools",
        "engineering",
        "physical-sciences",
        "natural-sciences",
        "war",
        "government",
        "politics"
      ],
      "word": "galtrop"
    },
    {
      "topics": [
        "weaponry",
        "military",
        "tools",
        "engineering",
        "physical-sciences",
        "natural-sciences",
        "war",
        "government",
        "politics"
      ],
      "word": "cheval trap"
    },
    {
      "topics": [
        "weaponry",
        "military",
        "tools",
        "engineering",
        "physical-sciences",
        "natural-sciences",
        "war",
        "government",
        "politics"
      ],
      "word": "galthrap"
    },
    {
      "topics": [
        "weaponry",
        "military",
        "tools",
        "engineering",
        "physical-sciences",
        "natural-sciences",
        "war",
        "government",
        "politics"
      ],
      "word": "galtrap"
    },
    {
      "topics": [
        "weaponry",
        "military",
        "tools",
        "engineering",
        "physical-sciences",
        "natural-sciences",
        "war",
        "government",
        "politics"
      ],
      "word": "calthrop"
    },
    {
      "topics": [
        "weaponry",
        "military",
        "tools",
        "engineering",
        "physical-sciences",
        "natural-sciences",
        "war",
        "government",
        "politics"
      ],
      "word": "crow’s foot"
    },
    {
      "topics": [
        "weaponry",
        "military",
        "tools",
        "engineering",
        "physical-sciences",
        "natural-sciences",
        "war",
        "government",
        "politics"
      ],
      "word": "jackrock"
    },
    {
      "sense": "starthistle",
      "word": "knapweed"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
      "word": "puncturevine"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
      "word": "cat's head"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
      "word": "yellow vine"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
      "word": "goathead"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
      "word": "burra"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
      "word": "gokharu"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
      "word": "bindii"
    },
    {
      "word": "caltrap"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "kalʹčatka",
      "sense": "weaponry",
      "word": "кальчатка"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "čyčak",
      "sense": "weaponry",
      "word": "чычак"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "dracjany vóžyk",
      "sense": "weaponry",
      "word": "драцяны вожык"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "weaponry",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "obriülls"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "jílí",
      "sense": "weaponry",
      "word": "蒺藜"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "weaponry",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "voetangel"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "weaponry",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "kraaienpoot"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "weaponry",
      "word": "jalkapiikki"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "weaponry",
      "word": "kavioansa"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "weaponry",
      "word": "chausse-trape"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "weaponry",
      "word": "pied de corbeau"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "weaponry",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "abrollo"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "weaponry",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Krähenfuß"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "weaponry",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Fußangel"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "tríbolos",
      "sense": "weaponry",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "τρίβολος"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "weaponry",
      "word": "vassulyom"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "weaponry",
      "word": "lábtövis"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "weaponry",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "grán catha"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "weaponry",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "tribolo"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "weaponry",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "piede di corvo"
    },
    {
      "alt": "てつびし",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "tetsubishi",
      "sense": "weaponry",
      "word": "鉄菱"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "mareumsoe",
      "sense": "weaponry",
      "word": "마름쇠"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "weaponry",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "mūrex"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "weaponry",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "tribulus"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "weaponry",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "abrolho"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "weaponry",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "estrepe"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "weaponry",
      "tags": [
        "modern"
      ],
      "word": "miguelito"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "english": "garlic",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "česnók",
      "sense": "weaponry",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "чесно́к"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "próvoločnyj jož",
      "sense": "weaponry",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "про́волочный ёж"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "weaponry",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "vranina nòga"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "weaponry",
      "word": "abrojo"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "weaponry",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "fotangel"
    },
    {
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "roman": "kwàak",
      "sense": "weaponry",
      "word": "ขวาก"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "bodliva metličina",
      "sense": "starthistle",
      "word": "бодлива метличина"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "starthistle",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "obriülls"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "starthistle",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "cagatripa"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "starthistle",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "card vermell"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "starthistle",
      "word": "紫星薊"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "zǐxīngjì",
      "sense": "starthistle",
      "word": "紫星蓟"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "starthistle",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "kalketrip"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "starthistle",
      "word": "piikkikaunokki"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "starthistle",
      "word": "centaurée chausse-trape"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "starthistle",
      "word": "chardon étoilé"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "starthistle",
      "word": "úti imola"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "starthistle",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "abrolho"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "vasiljók koljučegolóvyj",
      "sense": "starthistle",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "василёк колючеголо́вый"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "starthistle",
      "word": "encojaperros"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "starthistle",
      "word": "garbanzo del cura"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "ḥasak",
      "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "⁧حَسَك⁩"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "tataš",
      "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
      "word": "տատաշ"
    },
    {
      "code": "xcl",
      "lang": "Old Armenian",
      "roman": "tatask",
      "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
      "word": "տատասկ"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
      "word": "dəmirtikan"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "babini zǎbi",
      "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
      "word": "бабини зъби"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "tríbol"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "jílí",
      "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
      "word": "蒺藜"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
      "word": "okarennokki"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
      "word": "tribule terrestre"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "abrollo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "ḳurostavi",
      "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
      "word": "კუროსთავი"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "ṭaṭaši",
      "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
      "word": "ტატაში"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
      "word": "királydinnye"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
      "word": "tribulo comune"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "hamabishi",
      "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
      "word": "ハマビシ"
    },
    {
      "code": "kbd",
      "lang": "Kabardian",
      "roman": "źɛnəpɛwuc",
      "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
      "word": "жьэныпэуц"
    },
    {
      "code": "kmr",
      "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
      "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
      "word": "xencere"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "tribulus"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "bábin záb",
      "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ба́бин за́б"
    },
    {
      "code": "nv",
      "lang": "Navajo",
      "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
      "word": "shash nátʼoh"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "xâr-xâsak",
      "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
      "word": "⁧خارخاسک⁩"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "abrolho"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "colții-babei"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "jákorec stéljuščijsja",
      "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "я́корец сте́лющийся"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "jákorec nazémnyj",
      "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "я́корец назе́мный"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
      "word": "abrojo terrestre"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
      "word": "cadillo"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
      "word": "cuerno de chivo"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
      "word": "tribulo"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
      "word": "cruz maltesa"
    },
    {
      "code": "ta",
      "lang": "Tamil",
      "roman": "neruñci",
      "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
      "word": "நெருஞ்சி"
    },
    {
      "code": "ta",
      "lang": "Tamil",
      "roman": "neruñcil",
      "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
      "word": "நெருஞ்சில்"
    },
    {
      "code": "ta",
      "lang": "Tamil",
      "roman": "kiṭṭiram",
      "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
      "word": "கிட்டிரம்"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
      "word": "çobançökerten"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
      "word": "demir dikeni"
    }
  ],
  "word": "caltrop"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-03-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-03-01 using wiktextract (68773ab and 5f6ddbb). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.