See caltrop in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
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"word": "spike strip"
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],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "Zygophyllaceae",
"word": "caltrop family"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "water caltrop"
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"etymology_templates": [
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"2": "enm",
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"name": "inh"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "calcatrippe",
"t": "plant that trips"
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"expansion": "Old English calcatrippe (“plant that trips”)",
"name": "inh"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "calcatrippa",
"t": "thistle"
},
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"name": "der"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "calx"
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"expansion": "Latin calx",
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"etymology_text": "From Middle English calketrappe, from Old English calcatrippe (“plant that trips”), from Medieval Latin calcatrippa (“thistle”), from Latin calx or calcare + trappa.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "caltrops",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "1858, The journal of the British Archaeological Association:",
"text": "[…] her father, the emperor Alexius, who reigned AD 1081-1118, ordered caltrops to be cast in front of his archers […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1954, Joseph Needham, Ling Wang, Science and civilisation in China:",
"text": "By Sung times, several different types of caltrops had been developed. As in earlier times, both caltrops could be made from both wood and iron...",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2000, Alan Vick, Aerospace operations in urban environments: exploring new concepts:",
"text": "Caltrops, tetrahedrons, and similar devices are designed to puncture vehicle tires or limit foot traffic. The standard design has four points.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A small, metal object with spikes arranged so that, when thrown onto the ground, one always faces up as a threat to pedestrians, horses, and vehicles (also used as a heraldic charge)."
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"(weaponry) A small, metal object with spikes arranged so that, when thrown onto the ground, one always faces up as a threat to pedestrians, horses, and vehicles (also used as a heraldic charge)."
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"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kalʹčatka",
"sense": "weaponry",
"word": "кальчатка"
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{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "čyčak",
"sense": "weaponry",
"word": "чычак"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "dracjany vóžyk",
"sense": "weaponry",
"word": "драцяны вожык"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
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"sense": "weaponry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "obriülls"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jílí",
"sense": "weaponry",
"word": "蒺藜"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
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"sense": "weaponry",
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"masculine"
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"word": "voetangel"
},
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"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "weaponry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kraaienpoot"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "weaponry",
"word": "jalkapiikki"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "weaponry",
"word": "kavioansa"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "weaponry",
"word": "chausse-trape"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "weaponry",
"word": "pied de corbeau"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "weaponry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abrollo"
},
{
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"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "weaponry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Krähenfuß"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "weaponry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Fußangel"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "tríbolos",
"sense": "weaponry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "τρίβολος"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "weaponry",
"word": "vassulyom"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "weaponry",
"word": "lábtövis"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "weaponry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grán catha"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "weaponry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tribolo"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "weaponry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "piede di corvo"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"alt": "てつびし",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tetsubishi",
"sense": "weaponry",
"word": "鉄菱"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "mareumsoe",
"sense": "weaponry",
"word": "마름쇠"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "weaponry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mūrex"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "weaponry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tribulus"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "weaponry",
"word": "calketrappe"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "weaponry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abrolho"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "weaponry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrepe"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "weaponry",
"tags": [
"modern"
],
"word": "miguelito"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"english": "garlic",
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"roman": "česnók",
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"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "чесно́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "próvoločnyj jož",
"sense": "weaponry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "про́волочный ёж"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
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"tags": [
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{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
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"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "weaponry",
"word": "abrojo"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "weaponry",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "fotangel"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kwàak",
"sense": "weaponry",
"word": "ขวาก"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "weaponry",
"word": "demir dikeni"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "weaponry",
"word": "chông sắt"
}
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],
"glosses": [
"The starthistle, Centaurea calcitrapa, a plant with sharp thorns."
],
"id": "en-caltrop-en-noun-4vTeObz-",
"links": [
[
"starthistle",
"starthistle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) The starthistle, Centaurea calcitrapa, a plant with sharp thorns."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "16 66 18",
"sense": "starthistle",
"word": "knapweed"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "16 66 18",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bodliva metličina",
"sense": "starthistle",
"word": "бодлива метличина"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 66 18",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "starthistle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "obriülls"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 66 18",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "starthistle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cagatripa"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 66 18",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "starthistle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "card vermell"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 66 18",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "starthistle",
"word": "紫星薊"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 66 18",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zǐxīngjì",
"sense": "starthistle",
"word": "紫星蓟"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 66 18",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "starthistle",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kalketrip"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 66 18",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "starthistle",
"word": "piikkikaunokki"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 66 18",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "starthistle",
"word": "centaurée chausse-trape"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 66 18",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "starthistle",
"word": "chardon étoilé"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 66 18",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "starthistle",
"word": "úti imola"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 66 18",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "starthistle",
"word": "calketrappe"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 66 18",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "starthistle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abrolho"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 66 18",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vasiljók koljučegolóvyj",
"sense": "starthistle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "василёк колючеголо́вый"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 66 18",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "starthistle",
"word": "encojaperros"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 66 18",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "starthistle",
"word": "garbanzo del cura"
}
]
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{
"_dis": "20 22 58",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Caltrop family plants",
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"kind": "lifeform",
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"name": "Thistles",
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],
"glosses": [
"Any of a number of flowering plants in the family Zygophyllaceae, including several members of the genus Kallstroemia and the species Tribulus terrestris, native to warm temperate and tropical regions."
],
"id": "en-caltrop-en-noun--3G2G~Yr",
"links": [
[
"Zygophyllaceae",
"Zygophyllaceae#Translingual"
],
[
"Tribulus terrestris",
"Tribulus terrestris#Translingual"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "8 14 79",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "puncturevine"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 14 79",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "cat's head"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 14 79",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "yellow vine"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 14 79",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "goathead"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 14 79",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "burra"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 14 79",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "gokharu"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 14 79",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "bindii"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "8 14 79",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥasak",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "حَسَك"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 14 79",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "tataš",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "տատաշ"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 14 79",
"code": "xcl",
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"roman": "tatask",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "տատասկ"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 14 79",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "dəmirtikan"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 14 79",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "babini zǎbi",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "бабини зъби"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 14 79",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tríbol"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 14 79",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jílí",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "蒺藜"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 14 79",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "okarennokki"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 14 79",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "tribule terrestre"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 14 79",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abrollo"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 14 79",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳurostavi",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "კუროსთავი"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 14 79",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ṭaṭaši",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "ტატაში"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 14 79",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "királydinnye"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 14 79",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "tribulo comune"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 14 79",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hamabishi",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "ハマビシ"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 14 79",
"code": "kbd",
"lang": "Kabardian",
"roman": "źɛnəpɛwuc",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "жьэныпэуц"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 14 79",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "xencere"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 14 79",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tribulus"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 14 79",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "bábin záb",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ба́бин за́б"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 14 79",
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "shash nátʼoh"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 14 79",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "xâr-xâsak",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "خارخاسک"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 14 79",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abrolho"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 14 79",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "colții-babei"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 14 79",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "jákorec stéljuščijsja",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "я́корец сте́лющийся"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 14 79",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "jákorec nazémnyj",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "я́корец назе́мный"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 14 79",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "abrojo terrestre"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 14 79",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "cadillo"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 14 79",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "cuerno de chivo"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 14 79",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "tribulo"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 14 79",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "cruz maltesa"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 14 79",
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "neruñci",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "நெருஞ்சி"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 14 79",
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "neruñcil",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "நெருஞ்சில்"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 14 79",
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "kiṭṭiram",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "கிட்டிரம்"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 14 79",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "çobançökerten"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 14 79",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "demir dikeni"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "kăl'trəp",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkæltɹəp/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-caltrop.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-caltrop.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-caltrop.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-caltrop.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-caltrop.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æltɹəp"
},
{
"enpr": "kăl'trəp",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkæltɹəp/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"enpr": "kôl'trəp",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɔːltɹəp/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-caltrop.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-caltrop.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-caltrop.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-caltrop.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-caltrop.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æltɹəp"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːltɹəp"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"topics": [
"weaponry",
"military",
"tools",
"engineering",
"physical-sciences",
"natural-sciences",
"war",
"government",
"politics"
],
"word": "caltrap"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"topics": [
"weaponry",
"military",
"tools",
"engineering",
"physical-sciences",
"natural-sciences",
"war",
"government",
"politics"
],
"word": "galtrop"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"topics": [
"weaponry",
"military",
"tools",
"engineering",
"physical-sciences",
"natural-sciences",
"war",
"government",
"politics"
],
"word": "cheval trap"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"topics": [
"weaponry",
"military",
"tools",
"engineering",
"physical-sciences",
"natural-sciences",
"war",
"government",
"politics"
],
"word": "galthrap"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"topics": [
"weaponry",
"military",
"tools",
"engineering",
"physical-sciences",
"natural-sciences",
"war",
"government",
"politics"
],
"word": "galtrap"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"topics": [
"weaponry",
"military",
"tools",
"engineering",
"physical-sciences",
"natural-sciences",
"war",
"government",
"politics"
],
"word": "calthrop"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"topics": [
"weaponry",
"military",
"tools",
"engineering",
"physical-sciences",
"natural-sciences",
"war",
"government",
"politics"
],
"word": "crow’s foot"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"topics": [
"weaponry",
"military",
"tools",
"engineering",
"physical-sciences",
"natural-sciences",
"war",
"government",
"politics"
],
"word": "jackrock"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "caltrap"
}
],
"word": "caltrop"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/æltɹəp",
"Rhymes:English/æltɹəp/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːltɹəp",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːltɹəp/2 syllables",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kabardian translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Middle English translations",
"Terms with Navajo translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Old Armenian translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tamil translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"en:Caltrop family plants",
"en:Thistles"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"topics": [
"weaponry",
"military",
"tools",
"engineering",
"physical-sciences",
"natural-sciences",
"war",
"government",
"politics"
],
"word": "spike strip"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "Zygophyllaceae",
"word": "caltrop family"
},
{
"word": "water caltrop"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "calketrappe"
},
"expansion": "Middle English calketrappe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "calcatrippe",
"t": "plant that trips"
},
"expansion": "Old English calcatrippe (“plant that trips”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "calcatrippa",
"t": "thistle"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin calcatrippa (“thistle”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "calx"
},
"expansion": "Latin calx",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English calketrappe, from Old English calcatrippe (“plant that trips”), from Medieval Latin calcatrippa (“thistle”), from Latin calx or calcare + trappa.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "caltrops",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "caltrop (plural caltrops)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Heraldic charges",
"en:Weapons"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1858, The journal of the British Archaeological Association:",
"text": "[…] her father, the emperor Alexius, who reigned AD 1081-1118, ordered caltrops to be cast in front of his archers […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1954, Joseph Needham, Ling Wang, Science and civilisation in China:",
"text": "By Sung times, several different types of caltrops had been developed. As in earlier times, both caltrops could be made from both wood and iron...",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2000, Alan Vick, Aerospace operations in urban environments: exploring new concepts:",
"text": "Caltrops, tetrahedrons, and similar devices are designed to puncture vehicle tires or limit foot traffic. The standard design has four points.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A small, metal object with spikes arranged so that, when thrown onto the ground, one always faces up as a threat to pedestrians, horses, and vehicles (also used as a heraldic charge)."
],
"links": [
[
"weaponry",
"weaponry"
],
[
"spike",
"spike"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(weaponry) A small, metal object with spikes arranged so that, when thrown onto the ground, one always faces up as a threat to pedestrians, horses, and vehicles (also used as a heraldic charge)."
],
"senseid": [
"en:weaponry"
],
"topics": [
"engineering",
"government",
"military",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"politics",
"tools",
"war",
"weaponry"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English colloquialisms",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)"
],
"glosses": [
"The starthistle, Centaurea calcitrapa, a plant with sharp thorns."
],
"links": [
[
"starthistle",
"starthistle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) The starthistle, Centaurea calcitrapa, a plant with sharp thorns."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (genus)"
],
"glosses": [
"Any of a number of flowering plants in the family Zygophyllaceae, including several members of the genus Kallstroemia and the species Tribulus terrestris, native to warm temperate and tropical regions."
],
"links": [
[
"Zygophyllaceae",
"Zygophyllaceae#Translingual"
],
[
"Tribulus terrestris",
"Tribulus terrestris#Translingual"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "kăl'trəp",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkæltɹəp/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-caltrop.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-caltrop.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-caltrop.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-æltɹəp"
},
{
"enpr": "kăl'trəp",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkæltɹəp/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"enpr": "kôl'trəp",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɔːltɹəp/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-caltrop.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-caltrop.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-caltrop.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-æltɹəp"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːltɹəp"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"topics": [
"weaponry",
"military",
"tools",
"engineering",
"physical-sciences",
"natural-sciences",
"war",
"government",
"politics"
],
"word": "caltrap"
},
{
"topics": [
"weaponry",
"military",
"tools",
"engineering",
"physical-sciences",
"natural-sciences",
"war",
"government",
"politics"
],
"word": "galtrop"
},
{
"topics": [
"weaponry",
"military",
"tools",
"engineering",
"physical-sciences",
"natural-sciences",
"war",
"government",
"politics"
],
"word": "cheval trap"
},
{
"topics": [
"weaponry",
"military",
"tools",
"engineering",
"physical-sciences",
"natural-sciences",
"war",
"government",
"politics"
],
"word": "galthrap"
},
{
"topics": [
"weaponry",
"military",
"tools",
"engineering",
"physical-sciences",
"natural-sciences",
"war",
"government",
"politics"
],
"word": "galtrap"
},
{
"topics": [
"weaponry",
"military",
"tools",
"engineering",
"physical-sciences",
"natural-sciences",
"war",
"government",
"politics"
],
"word": "calthrop"
},
{
"topics": [
"weaponry",
"military",
"tools",
"engineering",
"physical-sciences",
"natural-sciences",
"war",
"government",
"politics"
],
"word": "crow’s foot"
},
{
"topics": [
"weaponry",
"military",
"tools",
"engineering",
"physical-sciences",
"natural-sciences",
"war",
"government",
"politics"
],
"word": "jackrock"
},
{
"sense": "starthistle",
"word": "knapweed"
},
{
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "puncturevine"
},
{
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "cat's head"
},
{
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "yellow vine"
},
{
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "goathead"
},
{
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "burra"
},
{
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "gokharu"
},
{
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "bindii"
},
{
"word": "caltrap"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kalʹčatka",
"sense": "weaponry",
"word": "кальчатка"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "čyčak",
"sense": "weaponry",
"word": "чычак"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "dracjany vóžyk",
"sense": "weaponry",
"word": "драцяны вожык"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "weaponry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "obriülls"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jílí",
"sense": "weaponry",
"word": "蒺藜"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "weaponry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "voetangel"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "weaponry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kraaienpoot"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "weaponry",
"word": "jalkapiikki"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "weaponry",
"word": "kavioansa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "weaponry",
"word": "chausse-trape"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "weaponry",
"word": "pied de corbeau"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "weaponry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abrollo"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "weaponry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Krähenfuß"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "weaponry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Fußangel"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "tríbolos",
"sense": "weaponry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "τρίβολος"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "weaponry",
"word": "vassulyom"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "weaponry",
"word": "lábtövis"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "weaponry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grán catha"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "weaponry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tribolo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "weaponry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "piede di corvo"
},
{
"alt": "てつびし",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tetsubishi",
"sense": "weaponry",
"word": "鉄菱"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "mareumsoe",
"sense": "weaponry",
"word": "마름쇠"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "weaponry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mūrex"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "weaponry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tribulus"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "weaponry",
"word": "calketrappe"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "weaponry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abrolho"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "weaponry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrepe"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "weaponry",
"tags": [
"modern"
],
"word": "miguelito"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "garlic",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "česnók",
"sense": "weaponry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "чесно́к"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "próvoločnyj jož",
"sense": "weaponry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "про́волочный ёж"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "weaponry",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "vranina nòga"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "weaponry",
"word": "abrojo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "weaponry",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "fotangel"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kwàak",
"sense": "weaponry",
"word": "ขวาก"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "weaponry",
"word": "demir dikeni"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "weaponry",
"word": "chông sắt"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bodliva metličina",
"sense": "starthistle",
"word": "бодлива метличина"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "starthistle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "obriülls"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "starthistle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cagatripa"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "starthistle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "card vermell"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "starthistle",
"word": "紫星薊"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zǐxīngjì",
"sense": "starthistle",
"word": "紫星蓟"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "starthistle",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kalketrip"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "starthistle",
"word": "piikkikaunokki"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "starthistle",
"word": "centaurée chausse-trape"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "starthistle",
"word": "chardon étoilé"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "starthistle",
"word": "úti imola"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "starthistle",
"word": "calketrappe"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "starthistle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abrolho"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vasiljók koljučegolóvyj",
"sense": "starthistle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "василёк колючеголо́вый"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "starthistle",
"word": "encojaperros"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "starthistle",
"word": "garbanzo del cura"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥasak",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "حَسَك"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "tataš",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "տատաշ"
},
{
"code": "xcl",
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"roman": "tatask",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "տատասկ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "dəmirtikan"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "babini zǎbi",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "бабини зъби"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tríbol"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jílí",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "蒺藜"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "okarennokki"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "tribule terrestre"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abrollo"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳurostavi",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "კუროსთავი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ṭaṭaši",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "ტატაში"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "királydinnye"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "tribulo comune"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hamabishi",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "ハマビシ"
},
{
"code": "kbd",
"lang": "Kabardian",
"roman": "źɛnəpɛwuc",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "жьэныпэуц"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "xencere"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tribulus"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "bábin záb",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ба́бин за́б"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "shash nátʼoh"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "xâr-xâsak",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "خارخاسک"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abrolho"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "colții-babei"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "jákorec stéljuščijsja",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "я́корец сте́лющийся"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "jákorec nazémnyj",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "я́корец назе́мный"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "abrojo terrestre"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "cadillo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "cuerno de chivo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "tribulo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "cruz maltesa"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "neruñci",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "நெருஞ்சி"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "neruñcil",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "நெருஞ்சில்"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "kiṭṭiram",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "கிட்டிரம்"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "çobançökerten"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "Tribulus terrestris",
"word": "demir dikeni"
}
],
"word": "caltrop"
}
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.