See buckthorn in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"alt": "<= Rhamnus frangula",
"word": "alder buckthorn - Frangula alnus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"alt": "<= Rhamnus caroliniana",
"word": "Frangula caroliniana"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "alderleaf buckthorn - Rhamnus alnifolia"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "buckthorn bully - Sideroxylon lycioides"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "California buckthorn - Frangula californica"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Carolina buckthorn - Frangula caroliniana"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Cascara buckthorn - Frangula purshiana"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Chinese buckthorn - Rhamnus utilis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Dahurian buckthorn - Rhamnus davurica"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"alt": "<= Rhamnus infectoria",
"word": "dyer's buckthorn - Rhamnus saxatalis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "glossy buckthorn - Frangula alnus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "hollyleaf buckthorn - Rhamnus crocea subsp. pilosa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Italian buckthorn - Rhamnus alaternus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Jamaica buckthorn - Rosa laevigata"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Japanese buckthorn - Rhamnus japonica"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lanceleaf buckthorn - Rhamnus lanceolata"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "Sageretia",
"word": "mock buckthorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Modoc buckthorn - Frangula rubra subsp. modocensis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Nevada buckthorn - Frangula rubra subsp. nevadensis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "obovate buckthorn - Frangula betulifolia subsp. obovata"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "obtuse buckthorn - Frangula rubra subsp. obtusissima"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "red buckthorn - Frangula rubra"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "redberry buckthorn - Rhamnus crocea"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "rock buckthorn - Rhamnus saxatilis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "sawleaf buckthorn - Rhamnus serrata"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "sea buckthorn - Hippophae spp"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "esp. Hippophae rhamnoides"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "sharp-tooth buckthorn - Rhamnus arguta"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Siberian buckthorn - Rhamnus erythroxylon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Smith's buckthorn - Rhamnus smithii"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"alt": "<= Bumelia lycioides",
"word": "Southern buckthorn - Sideroxylon lycioides"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Texas buckthorn - Ziziphus obtusifolia"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "West Indian buckthorn - Frangula sphaerosperma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Yosemite buckthorn Frangula rubra subsp. yosemitana"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "cervī spīna",
"t": "deer's thorny shrub"
},
"expansion": "Calque of Latin cervī spīna (“deer's thorny shrub”)",
"name": "cal"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*kerwos",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *kerwos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱr̥h₂wós",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥h₂wós",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*speinā",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *speinā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*spey-",
"4": "",
"5": "sharp point",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“sharp point”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "buck",
"3": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, buck + thorn",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Calque of Latin cervī spīna (“deer's thorny shrub”), cervi (“deer's”) being the genitive singular of cervus (“deer”), from Proto-Italic *kerwos, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥h₂wós, from *ḱerh₂- (“horn”) + *-wós, spīna (“thorny shrub”) from Proto-Italic *speinā, from Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“sharp point”). By surface analysis, buck + thorn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "buckthorns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "buckthorn (plural buckthorns)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 31 26 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 28 25 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 30 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 23 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 23 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Basque translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 23 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Breton translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 23 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 23 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 30 24 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 28 25 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Middle English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 31 25 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 30 24 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 23 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 23 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 23 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Volapük translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 23 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 19",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Buckthorn family plants",
"orig": "en:Buckthorn family plants",
"parents": [
"Rosales order plants",
"Shrubs",
"Trees",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 30 24 17",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Rosales order plants",
"orig": "en:Rosales order plants",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any of several, often thorny shrubs or small trees, especially",
"the family Rhamnaceae, the buckthorn family,",
"especially genus Rhamnus,"
],
"id": "en-buckthorn-en-noun-q6EN6zdv",
"links": [
[
"shrubs",
"shrub"
],
[
"Rhamnaceae",
"Rhamnaceae#Translingual"
],
[
"Rhamnus",
"Rhamnus"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 31 26 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 28 25 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 30 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 23 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 23 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Basque translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 23 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Breton translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 23 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 23 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 30 24 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 28 25 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Middle English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 31 25 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 30 24 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 23 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 23 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 23 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Volapük translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 23 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 19",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Buckthorn family plants",
"orig": "en:Buckthorn family plants",
"parents": [
"Rosales order plants",
"Shrubs",
"Trees",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 30 24 17",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Rosales order plants",
"orig": "en:Rosales order plants",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any of several, often thorny shrubs or small trees, especially",
"the family Rhamnaceae, the buckthorn family,",
"especially genus Rhamnus,",
"especially the common buckthorn or purging buckthorn; Rhamnus cathartica."
],
"id": "en-buckthorn-en-noun-fNqwUIB~",
"links": [
[
"shrubs",
"shrub"
],
[
"Rhamnaceae",
"Rhamnaceae#Translingual"
],
[
"Rhamnus",
"Rhamnus"
],
[
"Rhamnus cathartica",
"Rhamnus cathartica#Translingual"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 31 26 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 28 25 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 30 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 23 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 23 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Basque translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 23 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Breton translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 23 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 23 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 30 24 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 28 25 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Middle English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 31 25 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 30 24 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 23 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 23 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 23 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Volapük translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 23 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 19",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Buckthorn family plants",
"orig": "en:Buckthorn family plants",
"parents": [
"Rosales order plants",
"Shrubs",
"Trees",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 30 24 17",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Rosales order plants",
"orig": "en:Rosales order plants",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any of several, often thorny shrubs or small trees, especially",
"the family Rhamnaceae, the buckthorn family,",
"also genus Frangula, especially Frangula alnus, the alder buckthorn."
],
"id": "en-buckthorn-en-noun-XPL48lc2",
"links": [
[
"shrubs",
"shrub"
],
[
"Rhamnaceae",
"Rhamnaceae#Translingual"
],
[
"Frangula",
"Frangula#Translingual"
],
[
"Frangula alnus",
"Frangula alnus#Translingual"
],
[
"alder buckthorn",
"alder buckthorn"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 31 26 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 28 25 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 30 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 23 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 23 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Basque translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 23 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Breton translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 23 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 23 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 30 24 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 28 25 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Middle English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 31 25 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 30 24 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 23 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 23 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 23 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Volapük translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 23 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 24 19",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Buckthorn family plants",
"orig": "en:Buckthorn family plants",
"parents": [
"Rosales order plants",
"Shrubs",
"Trees",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 30 24 17",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Rosales order plants",
"orig": "en:Rosales order plants",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any of several, often thorny shrubs or small trees, especially",
"Hippophae (family Elaeagnaceae), the sea buckthorn."
],
"id": "en-buckthorn-en-noun-AQVw2kN6",
"links": [
[
"shrubs",
"shrub"
],
[
"Hippophae",
"Hippophae#Translingual"
],
[
"Elaeagnaceae",
"Elaeagnaceae#Translingual"
],
[
"sea buckthorn",
"sea buckthorn"
]
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "37 37 22 3",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sidr",
"sense": "plant of the genus Rhamnus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "سِدْر"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 37 22 3",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "džnik",
"sense": "plant of the genus Rhamnus",
"word": "դժնիկ"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 37 22 3",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "alažahri",
"sense": "plant of the genus Rhamnus",
"word": "ալաժահրի"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 37 22 3",
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "plant of the genus Rhamnus",
"word": "spern-melen"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 37 22 3",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "plant of the genus Rhamnus",
"word": "ramno"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 37 22 3",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "plant of the genus Rhamnus",
"word": "türnpuu"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 37 22 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "plant of the genus Rhamnus",
"word": "paatsama"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 37 22 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "plant of the genus Rhamnus",
"word": "nerprun"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 37 22 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "plant of the genus Rhamnus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aderno"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 37 22 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "plant of the genus Rhamnus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kreuzdorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 37 22 3",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "lefkagkathiá",
"sense": "plant of the genus Rhamnus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "λευκαγκαθιά"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 37 22 3",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "plant of the genus Rhamnus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cervi spina"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 37 22 3",
"code": "la",
"english": "conjectured",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "plant of the genus Rhamnus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "calabrix"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 37 22 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "plant of the genus Rhamnus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "szakłak"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 37 22 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "plant of the genus Rhamnus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aderno"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 37 22 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "plant of the genus Rhamnus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alaterno"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 37 22 3",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "plant of the genus Rhamnus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "verigar"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 37 22 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "krušína",
"sense": "plant of the genus Rhamnus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "круши́на"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 37 22 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "plant of the genus Rhamnus",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "getapel"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 37 22 3",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "plant of the genus Rhamnus",
"word": "ramnud"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 37 22 3",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "plant of the genus Rhamnus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rhafnwydden"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 36 18 10",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "Rhamnus cathartica",
"word": "hesilahar"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 36 18 10",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "Rhamnus cathartica",
"word": "espina vera"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 36 18 10",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "Rhamnus cathartica",
"word": "harilik türnpuu"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 36 18 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Rhamnus cathartica",
"word": "orapaatsama"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 36 18 10",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Rhamnus cathartica",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nerprun purgatif"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 36 18 10",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "Rhamnus cathartica",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "escambrón"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 36 18 10",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Rhamnus cathartica",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Purgier-Kreuzdorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 36 18 10",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Rhamnus cathartica",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "paide bréan"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 36 18 10",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "Rhamnus cathartica",
"word": "thevethorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 36 18 10",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "Rhamnus cathartica",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "þefanþorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 36 18 10",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "ašangur",
"sense": "Rhamnus cathartica",
"word": "اشنگور"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 36 18 10",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "kalikak",
"sense": "Rhamnus cathartica",
"word": "کلیکک"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 36 18 10",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "Rhamnus cathartica",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "verigar"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 36 18 10",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Rhamnus cathartica",
"word": "espino cerval"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 36 18 10",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "Rhamnus cathartica",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "getapel"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 36 18 10",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "Rhamnus cathartica",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "vägtorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 36 18 10",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "Rhamnus cathartica",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "rhafnwydd"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"buckthorn"
],
"word": "buckthorn"
}
{
"categories": [
"English compound terms",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms calqued from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Breton translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Middle English translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Volapük translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Buckthorn family plants",
"en:Rosales order plants"
],
"derived": [
{
"alt": "<= Rhamnus frangula",
"word": "alder buckthorn - Frangula alnus"
},
{
"alt": "<= Rhamnus caroliniana",
"word": "Frangula caroliniana"
},
{
"word": "alderleaf buckthorn - Rhamnus alnifolia"
},
{
"word": "buckthorn bully - Sideroxylon lycioides"
},
{
"word": "California buckthorn - Frangula californica"
},
{
"word": "Carolina buckthorn - Frangula caroliniana"
},
{
"word": "Cascara buckthorn - Frangula purshiana"
},
{
"word": "Chinese buckthorn - Rhamnus utilis"
},
{
"word": "Dahurian buckthorn - Rhamnus davurica"
},
{
"alt": "<= Rhamnus infectoria",
"word": "dyer's buckthorn - Rhamnus saxatalis"
},
{
"word": "glossy buckthorn - Frangula alnus"
},
{
"word": "hollyleaf buckthorn - Rhamnus crocea subsp. pilosa"
},
{
"word": "Italian buckthorn - Rhamnus alaternus"
},
{
"word": "Jamaica buckthorn - Rosa laevigata"
},
{
"word": "Japanese buckthorn - Rhamnus japonica"
},
{
"word": "lanceleaf buckthorn - Rhamnus lanceolata"
},
{
"english": "Sageretia",
"word": "mock buckthorn"
},
{
"word": "Modoc buckthorn - Frangula rubra subsp. modocensis"
},
{
"word": "Nevada buckthorn - Frangula rubra subsp. nevadensis"
},
{
"word": "obovate buckthorn - Frangula betulifolia subsp. obovata"
},
{
"word": "obtuse buckthorn - Frangula rubra subsp. obtusissima"
},
{
"word": "red buckthorn - Frangula rubra"
},
{
"word": "redberry buckthorn - Rhamnus crocea"
},
{
"word": "rock buckthorn - Rhamnus saxatilis"
},
{
"word": "sawleaf buckthorn - Rhamnus serrata"
},
{
"word": "sea buckthorn - Hippophae spp"
},
{
"word": "esp. Hippophae rhamnoides"
},
{
"word": "sharp-tooth buckthorn - Rhamnus arguta"
},
{
"word": "Siberian buckthorn - Rhamnus erythroxylon"
},
{
"word": "Smith's buckthorn - Rhamnus smithii"
},
{
"alt": "<= Bumelia lycioides",
"word": "Southern buckthorn - Sideroxylon lycioides"
},
{
"word": "Texas buckthorn - Ziziphus obtusifolia"
},
{
"word": "West Indian buckthorn - Frangula sphaerosperma"
},
{
"word": "Yosemite buckthorn Frangula rubra subsp. yosemitana"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "cervī spīna",
"t": "deer's thorny shrub"
},
"expansion": "Calque of Latin cervī spīna (“deer's thorny shrub”)",
"name": "cal"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*kerwos",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *kerwos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱr̥h₂wós",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥h₂wós",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*speinā",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *speinā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*spey-",
"4": "",
"5": "sharp point",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“sharp point”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "buck",
"3": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, buck + thorn",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Calque of Latin cervī spīna (“deer's thorny shrub”), cervi (“deer's”) being the genitive singular of cervus (“deer”), from Proto-Italic *kerwos, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥h₂wós, from *ḱerh₂- (“horn”) + *-wós, spīna (“thorny shrub”) from Proto-Italic *speinā, from Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“sharp point”). By surface analysis, buck + thorn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "buckthorns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "buckthorn (plural buckthorns)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Any of several, often thorny shrubs or small trees, especially",
"the family Rhamnaceae, the buckthorn family,",
"especially genus Rhamnus,"
],
"links": [
[
"shrubs",
"shrub"
],
[
"Rhamnaceae",
"Rhamnaceae#Translingual"
],
[
"Rhamnus",
"Rhamnus"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa"
],
"glosses": [
"Any of several, often thorny shrubs or small trees, especially",
"the family Rhamnaceae, the buckthorn family,",
"especially genus Rhamnus,",
"especially the common buckthorn or purging buckthorn; Rhamnus cathartica."
],
"links": [
[
"shrubs",
"shrub"
],
[
"Rhamnaceae",
"Rhamnaceae#Translingual"
],
[
"Rhamnus",
"Rhamnus"
],
[
"Rhamnus cathartica",
"Rhamnus cathartica#Translingual"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Any of several, often thorny shrubs or small trees, especially",
"the family Rhamnaceae, the buckthorn family,",
"also genus Frangula, especially Frangula alnus, the alder buckthorn."
],
"links": [
[
"shrubs",
"shrub"
],
[
"Rhamnaceae",
"Rhamnaceae#Translingual"
],
[
"Frangula",
"Frangula#Translingual"
],
[
"Frangula alnus",
"Frangula alnus#Translingual"
],
[
"alder buckthorn",
"alder buckthorn"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Any of several, often thorny shrubs or small trees, especially",
"Hippophae (family Elaeagnaceae), the sea buckthorn."
],
"links": [
[
"shrubs",
"shrub"
],
[
"Hippophae",
"Hippophae#Translingual"
],
[
"Elaeagnaceae",
"Elaeagnaceae#Translingual"
],
[
"sea buckthorn",
"sea buckthorn"
]
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sidr",
"sense": "plant of the genus Rhamnus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "سِدْر"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "džnik",
"sense": "plant of the genus Rhamnus",
"word": "դժնիկ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "alažahri",
"sense": "plant of the genus Rhamnus",
"word": "ալաժահրի"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "plant of the genus Rhamnus",
"word": "spern-melen"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "plant of the genus Rhamnus",
"word": "ramno"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "plant of the genus Rhamnus",
"word": "türnpuu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "plant of the genus Rhamnus",
"word": "paatsama"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "plant of the genus Rhamnus",
"word": "nerprun"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "plant of the genus Rhamnus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aderno"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "plant of the genus Rhamnus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kreuzdorn"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "lefkagkathiá",
"sense": "plant of the genus Rhamnus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "λευκαγκαθιά"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "plant of the genus Rhamnus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cervi spina"
},
{
"code": "la",
"english": "conjectured",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "plant of the genus Rhamnus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "calabrix"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "plant of the genus Rhamnus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "szakłak"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "plant of the genus Rhamnus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aderno"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "plant of the genus Rhamnus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alaterno"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "plant of the genus Rhamnus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "verigar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "krušína",
"sense": "plant of the genus Rhamnus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "круши́на"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "plant of the genus Rhamnus",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "getapel"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "plant of the genus Rhamnus",
"word": "ramnud"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "plant of the genus Rhamnus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rhafnwydden"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "Rhamnus cathartica",
"word": "hesilahar"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "Rhamnus cathartica",
"word": "espina vera"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "Rhamnus cathartica",
"word": "harilik türnpuu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Rhamnus cathartica",
"word": "orapaatsama"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Rhamnus cathartica",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nerprun purgatif"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "Rhamnus cathartica",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "escambrón"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Rhamnus cathartica",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Purgier-Kreuzdorn"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Rhamnus cathartica",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "paide bréan"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "Rhamnus cathartica",
"word": "thevethorn"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "Rhamnus cathartica",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "þefanþorn"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "ašangur",
"sense": "Rhamnus cathartica",
"word": "اشنگور"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "kalikak",
"sense": "Rhamnus cathartica",
"word": "کلیکک"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "Rhamnus cathartica",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "verigar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Rhamnus cathartica",
"word": "espino cerval"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "Rhamnus cathartica",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "getapel"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "Rhamnus cathartica",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "vägtorn"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "Rhamnus cathartica",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "rhafnwydd"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"buckthorn"
],
"word": "buckthorn"
}
Download raw JSONL data for buckthorn meaning in English (10.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.