"brightness" meaning in English

See brightness in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈbɹaɪtnəs/ Audio: en-us-brightness.ogg Forms: brightnesses [plural]
Rhymes: -aɪtnəs Etymology: From Middle English bryghtnes, brightnesse, from Old English beorhtnes (“brightness, splendor”), from Proto-West Germanic *berhtnassī, equivalent to bright + -ness. Cognate with Old High German berahtnessī, berahtnessi (“brightness”). Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|bryghtnes}} Middle English bryghtnes, {{inh|en|ang|beorhtnes|t=brightness, splendor}} Old English beorhtnes (“brightness, splendor”), {{inh|en|gmw-pro|*berhtnassī}} Proto-West Germanic *berhtnassī, {{af|en|bright|-ness}} bright + -ness, {{cog|goh|berahtnessī}} Old High German berahtnessī Head templates: {{en-noun|-|+}} brightness (usually uncountable, plural brightnesses)
  1. The quality of being bright. Tags: uncountable, usually Translations (the quality of being bright): γάνος (gános) [neuter] (Ancient Greek), λαμπρότης (lamprótēs) [feminine] (Ancient Greek), سُطُوع (suṭūʕ) [masculine] (Arabic), պայծառություն (paycaṙutʻyun) (Armenian), রৌশনী (rōuśoni) (Bengali), блясък (bljasǎk) [masculine] (Bulgarian), 明亮 (míngliàng) (Chinese Mandarin), jas [inanimate, masculine] (Czech), jasnost [feminine] (Czech), třpyt [masculine] (Czech), glans [masculine] (Dutch), helderheid [feminine] (Dutch), H-D-D-w-t-N8-Z3 (ḥḏḏwt) [feminine] (Egyptian), w-b-x:t-N8 (wbḫt) [feminine] (Egyptian), heldenso (Esperanto), helodenso (Esperanto), hohto (Finnish), kirkkaus (Finnish), loisto (Finnish), välke (Finnish), brillance (French), Funkeln [neuter] (German), Glanz (english: reflected from a surface, hair, skin) [masculine] (German), Helligkeit [feminine] (German), Strahlen [neuter] (German), φωτεινότητα (foteinótita) [feminine] (Greek), בהירות (behirut) [feminine] (Hebrew), चमक (camak) (Hindi), gile [feminine] (Irish), gléine [feminine] (Irish), lonracht [feminine] (Irish), spéiriúlacht [feminine] (Irish), 明るさ (akarusa) (alt: あかるさ) (Japanese), candor [masculine] (Latin), glans [masculine] (Norwegian), klarhet [common-gender] (Norwegian), lyshet [common-gender] (Norwegian), lysstyrke [masculine] (Norwegian), درخشندگی (deraxšandegi) (Persian), brilho (Portuguese), claridade [feminine] (Portuguese), clareza [feminine, figuratively] (Portuguese), phaqsa (Quechua), splendoare [feminine] (Romanian), strălucire [feminine] (Romanian), блеск (blesk) (english: brilliance, glitter) [masculine] (Russian), я́ркость (járkostʹ) [feminine] (Russian), вспы́шка (vspýška) (english: flash) [feminine] (Russian), brillo [masculine] (Spanish), ljusstyrka (Swedish), liwanag (Tagalog), sinag (Tausug), వెలుగు (velugu) (Telugu), ความสว่าง (kwaam-sà-wàang) (Thai), parlaklık (Turkish), چمک (camak) (Urdu), lleu [masculine] (Welsh)
    Sense id: en-brightness-en-noun-U5Dbv~By Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -ness, Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Terms with Ancient Greek translations, Terms with Arabic translations, Terms with Armenian translations, Terms with Bengali translations, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Egyptian translations, Terms with Esperanto translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Greek translations, Terms with Hebrew translations, Terms with Hindi translations, Terms with Irish translations, Terms with Japanese translations, Terms with Latin translations, Terms with Latvian translations, Terms with Mandarin translations, Terms with Norwegian translations, Terms with Persian translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Quechua translations, Terms with Romanian translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Swedish translations, Terms with Tagalog translations, Terms with Tausug translations, Terms with Telugu translations, Terms with Thai translations, Terms with Turkish translations, Terms with Urdu translations, Terms with Welsh translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 83 13 4 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ness: 86 10 4 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 92 6 2 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 87 9 4 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 94 4 2 Disambiguation of Terms with Ancient Greek translations: 81 14 5 Disambiguation of Terms with Arabic translations: 90 7 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Armenian translations: 91 6 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Bengali translations: 90 7 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Bulgarian translations: 91 6 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 88 9 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 89 8 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Egyptian translations: 87 10 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Esperanto translations: 92 5 2 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 91 6 3 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 90 8 2 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 90 7 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Greek translations: 90 7 2 Disambiguation of Terms with Hebrew translations: 90 7 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Hindi translations: 90 8 2 Disambiguation of Terms with Irish translations: 90 7 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Japanese translations: 92 5 2 Disambiguation of Terms with Latin translations: 92 5 2 Disambiguation of Terms with Latvian translations: 90 7 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Mandarin translations: 85 13 2 Disambiguation of Terms with Norwegian translations: 91 6 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Persian translations: 90 7 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 90 7 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Quechua translations: 91 6 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Romanian translations: 90 7 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 93 5 2 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 94 5 1 Disambiguation of Terms with Swedish translations: 91 7 2 Disambiguation of Terms with Tagalog translations: 90 7 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Tausug translations: 90 7 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Telugu translations: 91 6 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Thai translations: 90 7 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Turkish translations: 91 7 2 Disambiguation of Terms with Urdu translations: 91 7 2 Disambiguation of Terms with Welsh translations: 90 8 2 Disambiguation of 'the quality of being bright': 99 0 0
  2. The perceived luminance of an object. Tags: uncountable, usually Categories (topical): Light Translations (perception elicited by the luminance of an object): պայծառություն (paycaṙutʻyun) (Armenian), я́ркост (járkost) [feminine] (Bulgarian), luminosité [feminine] (French), Helligkeit [feminine] (German), λάμψη (lámpsi) [feminine] (Greek), gile [feminine] (Irish), gléine [feminine] (Irish), spilgtums [masculine] (Latvian), spožums [masculine] (Latvian), я́ркость (járkostʹ) [feminine] (Russian), liwanag (Tagalog), lleu [masculine] (Welsh)
    Sense id: en-brightness-en-noun-41PE~NGx Disambiguation of Light: 34 62 4 Disambiguation of 'perception elicited by the luminance of an object': 14 84 2
  3. (idiomatic, figurative) Intelligence, cleverness. Tags: figuratively, idiomatic, uncountable, usually Translations (intelligence, cleverness): älykkyys (Finnish), intelligence (French), Aufgewecktheit [feminine] (German), εξυπνάδα (exypnáda) [feminine] (Greek), תבונה (Hebrew), אינטלגנציה (Hebrew), смышлёность (smyšljónostʹ) [feminine] (Russian), ум (um) [masculine] (Russian)
    Sense id: en-brightness-en-noun-n3aRF-~r Disambiguation of 'intelligence, cleverness': 3 0 97
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: brightnesse [obsolete] Derived forms: apparent brightness, intrinsic brightness

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "apparent brightness"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "intrinsic brightness"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "bryghtnes"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English bryghtnes",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "beorhtnes",
        "t": "brightness, splendor"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English beorhtnes (“brightness, splendor”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*berhtnassī"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *berhtnassī",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "bright",
        "3": "-ness"
      },
      "expansion": "bright + -ness",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "berahtnessī"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German berahtnessī",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English bryghtnes, brightnesse, from Old English beorhtnes (“brightness, splendor”), from Proto-West Germanic *berhtnassī, equivalent to bright + -ness. Cognate with Old High German berahtnessī, berahtnessi (“brightness”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "brightnesses",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-",
        "2": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "brightness (usually uncountable, plural brightnesses)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "bright‧ness"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "86 10 4",
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        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter V, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:",
          "text": "Here, in the transept and choir, where the service was being held, one was conscious every moment of an increasing brightness; colours glowing vividly beneath the circular chandeliers, and the rows of small lights on the choristers' desks flashed and sparkled in front of the boys' faces, deep linen collars, and red neckbands.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The quality of being bright."
      ],
      "id": "en-brightness-en-noun-U5Dbv~By",
      "links": [
        [
          "quality",
          "quality"
        ],
        [
          "bright",
          "bright"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "suṭūʕ",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "سُطُوع"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "paycaṙutʻyun",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "word": "պայծառություն"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "bn",
          "lang": "Bengali",
          "roman": "rōuśoni",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "word": "রৌশনী"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "bljasǎk",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "блясък"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "míngliàng",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "word": "明亮"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "tags": [
            "inanimate",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "jas"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "jasnost"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "třpyt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "glans"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "helderheid"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "egy",
          "lang": "Egyptian",
          "roman": "ḥḏḏwt",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "H-D-D-w-t-N8-Z3"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "egy",
          "lang": "Egyptian",
          "roman": "wbḫt",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "w-b-x:t-N8"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "word": "heldenso"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "word": "helodenso"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "word": "hohto"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "word": "kirkkaus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "word": "loisto"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "word": "välke"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "word": "brillance"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Funkeln"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "de",
          "english": "reflected from a surface, hair, skin",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Glanz"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Helligkeit"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Strahlen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "foteinótita",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "φωτεινότητα"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "gános",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "γάνος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "lamprótēs",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "λαμπρότης"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "behirut",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "בהירות"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "camak",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "word": "चमक"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "gile"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "gléine"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "lonracht"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "spéiriúlacht"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "alt": "あかるさ",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "akarusa",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "word": "明るさ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "candor"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "glans"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "klarhet"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "lyshet"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "lysstyrke"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "deraxšandegi",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "word": "درخشندگی"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "word": "brilho"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "claridade"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "figuratively"
          ],
          "word": "clareza"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "qu",
          "lang": "Quechua",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "word": "phaqsa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "splendoare"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "strălucire"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "ru",
          "english": "brilliance, glitter",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "blesk",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "блеск"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "járkostʹ",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "я́ркость"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "ru",
          "english": "flash",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "vspýška",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "вспы́шка"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "brillo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "word": "ljusstyrka"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "word": "liwanag"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "tsg",
          "lang": "Tausug",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "word": "sinag"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "te",
          "lang": "Telugu",
          "roman": "velugu",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "word": "వెలుగు"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "th",
          "lang": "Thai",
          "roman": "kwaam-sà-wàang",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "word": "ความสว่าง"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "word": "parlaklık"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "ur",
          "lang": "Urdu",
          "roman": "camak",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "word": "چمک"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 0 0",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "the quality of being bright",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "lleu"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "34 62 4",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Light",
          "orig": "en:Light",
          "parents": [
            "Energy",
            "Nature",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The perceived luminance of an object."
      ],
      "id": "en-brightness-en-noun-41PE~NGx",
      "links": [
        [
          "luminance",
          "luminance"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "14 84 2",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "paycaṙutʻyun",
          "sense": "perception elicited by the luminance of an object",
          "word": "պայծառություն"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 84 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "járkost",
          "sense": "perception elicited by the luminance of an object",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "я́ркост"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 84 2",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "perception elicited by the luminance of an object",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "luminosité"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 84 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "perception elicited by the luminance of an object",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Helligkeit"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 84 2",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "lámpsi",
          "sense": "perception elicited by the luminance of an object",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "λάμψη"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 84 2",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "perception elicited by the luminance of an object",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "gile"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 84 2",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "perception elicited by the luminance of an object",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "gléine"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 84 2",
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "sense": "perception elicited by the luminance of an object",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "spilgtums"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 84 2",
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "sense": "perception elicited by the luminance of an object",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "spožums"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 84 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "járkostʹ",
          "sense": "perception elicited by the luminance of an object",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "я́ркость"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 84 2",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "perception elicited by the luminance of an object",
          "word": "liwanag"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 84 2",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "perception elicited by the luminance of an object",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "lleu"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "Intelligence, cleverness."
      ],
      "id": "en-brightness-en-noun-n3aRF-~r",
      "links": [
        [
          "Intelligence",
          "intelligence"
        ],
        [
          "cleverness",
          "cleverness"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(idiomatic, figurative) Intelligence, cleverness."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "idiomatic",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "3 0 97",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "intelligence, cleverness",
          "word": "älykkyys"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 0 97",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "intelligence, cleverness",
          "word": "intelligence"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 0 97",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "intelligence, cleverness",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Aufgewecktheit"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 0 97",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "exypnáda",
          "sense": "intelligence, cleverness",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "εξυπνάδα"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 0 97",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "sense": "intelligence, cleverness",
          "word": "תבונה"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 0 97",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "sense": "intelligence, cleverness",
          "word": "אינטלגנציה"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 0 97",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "smyšljónostʹ",
          "sense": "intelligence, cleverness",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "смышлёность"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 0 97",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "um",
          "sense": "intelligence, cleverness",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ум"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɹaɪtnəs/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-brightness.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/En-us-brightness.ogg/En-us-brightness.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/En-us-brightness.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪtnəs"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "brightnesse"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "brightness"
  ],
  "word": "brightness"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms suffixed with -ness",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Requests for review of Esperanto translations",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪtnəs",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪtnəs/2 syllables",
    "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
    "Terms with Arabic translations",
    "Terms with Armenian translations",
    "Terms with Bengali translations",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Egyptian translations",
    "Terms with Esperanto translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Greek translations",
    "Terms with Hebrew translations",
    "Terms with Hindi translations",
    "Terms with Irish translations",
    "Terms with Japanese translations",
    "Terms with Latin translations",
    "Terms with Latvian translations",
    "Terms with Mandarin translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian translations",
    "Terms with Persian translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Quechua translations",
    "Terms with Romanian translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "Terms with Tagalog translations",
    "Terms with Tausug translations",
    "Terms with Telugu translations",
    "Terms with Thai translations",
    "Terms with Turkish translations",
    "Terms with Urdu translations",
    "Terms with Welsh translations",
    "en:Light"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "apparent brightness"
    },
    {
      "word": "intrinsic brightness"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "bryghtnes"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English bryghtnes",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "beorhtnes",
        "t": "brightness, splendor"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English beorhtnes (“brightness, splendor”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*berhtnassī"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *berhtnassī",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "bright",
        "3": "-ness"
      },
      "expansion": "bright + -ness",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "berahtnessī"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German berahtnessī",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English bryghtnes, brightnesse, from Old English beorhtnes (“brightness, splendor”), from Proto-West Germanic *berhtnassī, equivalent to bright + -ness. Cognate with Old High German berahtnessī, berahtnessi (“brightness”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "brightnesses",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-",
        "2": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "brightness (usually uncountable, plural brightnesses)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "bright‧ness"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter V, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:",
          "text": "Here, in the transept and choir, where the service was being held, one was conscious every moment of an increasing brightness; colours glowing vividly beneath the circular chandeliers, and the rows of small lights on the choristers' desks flashed and sparkled in front of the boys' faces, deep linen collars, and red neckbands.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The quality of being bright."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "quality",
          "quality"
        ],
        [
          "bright",
          "bright"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The perceived luminance of an object."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "luminance",
          "luminance"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English idioms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Intelligence, cleverness."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Intelligence",
          "intelligence"
        ],
        [
          "cleverness",
          "cleverness"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(idiomatic, figurative) Intelligence, cleverness."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "idiomatic",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɹaɪtnəs/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-brightness.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/En-us-brightness.ogg/En-us-brightness.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/En-us-brightness.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪtnəs"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "brightnesse"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "suṭūʕ",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "سُطُوع"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "paycaṙutʻyun",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "word": "պայծառություն"
    },
    {
      "code": "bn",
      "lang": "Bengali",
      "roman": "rōuśoni",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "word": "রৌশনী"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "bljasǎk",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "блясък"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "míngliàng",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "word": "明亮"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "tags": [
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "jas"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "jasnost"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "třpyt"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "glans"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "helderheid"
    },
    {
      "code": "egy",
      "lang": "Egyptian",
      "roman": "ḥḏḏwt",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "H-D-D-w-t-N8-Z3"
    },
    {
      "code": "egy",
      "lang": "Egyptian",
      "roman": "wbḫt",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "w-b-x:t-N8"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "word": "heldenso"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "word": "helodenso"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "word": "hohto"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "word": "kirkkaus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "word": "loisto"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "word": "välke"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "word": "brillance"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Funkeln"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "english": "reflected from a surface, hair, skin",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Glanz"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Helligkeit"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Strahlen"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "foteinótita",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "φωτεινότητα"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "gános",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "γάνος"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "lamprótēs",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "λαμπρότης"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "behirut",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "בהירות"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "camak",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "word": "चमक"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "gile"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "gléine"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "lonracht"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "spéiriúlacht"
    },
    {
      "alt": "あかるさ",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "akarusa",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "word": "明るさ"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "candor"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "glans"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "klarhet"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "lyshet"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "lysstyrke"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "deraxšandegi",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "word": "درخشندگی"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "word": "brilho"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "claridade"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "figuratively"
      ],
      "word": "clareza"
    },
    {
      "code": "qu",
      "lang": "Quechua",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "word": "phaqsa"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "splendoare"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "strălucire"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "english": "brilliance, glitter",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "blesk",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "блеск"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "járkostʹ",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "я́ркость"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "english": "flash",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "vspýška",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "вспы́шка"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "brillo"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "word": "ljusstyrka"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "word": "liwanag"
    },
    {
      "code": "tsg",
      "lang": "Tausug",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "word": "sinag"
    },
    {
      "code": "te",
      "lang": "Telugu",
      "roman": "velugu",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "word": "వెలుగు"
    },
    {
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "roman": "kwaam-sà-wàang",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "word": "ความสว่าง"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "word": "parlaklık"
    },
    {
      "code": "ur",
      "lang": "Urdu",
      "roman": "camak",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "word": "چمک"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "the quality of being bright",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "lleu"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "paycaṙutʻyun",
      "sense": "perception elicited by the luminance of an object",
      "word": "պայծառություն"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "járkost",
      "sense": "perception elicited by the luminance of an object",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "я́ркост"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "perception elicited by the luminance of an object",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "luminosité"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "perception elicited by the luminance of an object",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Helligkeit"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "lámpsi",
      "sense": "perception elicited by the luminance of an object",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "λάμψη"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "perception elicited by the luminance of an object",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "gile"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "perception elicited by the luminance of an object",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "gléine"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "perception elicited by the luminance of an object",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "spilgtums"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "perception elicited by the luminance of an object",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "spožums"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "járkostʹ",
      "sense": "perception elicited by the luminance of an object",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "я́ркость"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "perception elicited by the luminance of an object",
      "word": "liwanag"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "perception elicited by the luminance of an object",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "lleu"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "intelligence, cleverness",
      "word": "älykkyys"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "intelligence, cleverness",
      "word": "intelligence"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "intelligence, cleverness",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Aufgewecktheit"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "exypnáda",
      "sense": "intelligence, cleverness",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "εξυπνάδα"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "sense": "intelligence, cleverness",
      "word": "תבונה"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "sense": "intelligence, cleverness",
      "word": "אינטלגנציה"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "smyšljónostʹ",
      "sense": "intelligence, cleverness",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "смышлёность"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "um",
      "sense": "intelligence, cleverness",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ум"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "brightness"
  ],
  "word": "brightness"
}

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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (65a6e81 and 0dbea76). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.