"aggression" meaning in English

See aggression in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /əˈɡɹɛʃən/ [US] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-aggression.wav Forms: aggressions [plural]
Etymology: From Middle French aggression, from Latin aggressio, from aggressus, past participle of aggredior (“to approach, address, attack”). Etymology templates: {{bor|en|frm|aggression}} Middle French aggression, {{der|en|la|aggressio}} Latin aggressio Head templates: {{en-noun|~}} aggression (countable and uncountable, plural aggressions)
  1. The act of initiating hostilities or invasion. Tags: countable, uncountable Categories (topical): Human behaviour Translations (act of initiating hostilities or invasion): aggressie (Afrikaans), agresion [masculine] (Albanian), عُدْوَان (ʕudwān) [masculine] (Arabic), ագրեսիա (agresia) (Armenian), təcavüz (Azerbaijani), агрэ́сія (ahrésija) [feminine] (Belarusian), агре́сия (agrésija) [feminine] (Bulgarian), нападе́ние (napadénie) (english: act) [neuter] (Bulgarian), agressió [feminine] (Catalan), دەس درێژی (des drêjî) (Central Kurdish), 侵略 (qīnlüè) (Chinese Mandarin), tecavuz (Crimean Tatar), agressiya (Crimean Tatar), agrese [feminine] (Czech), aggression [common-gender] (Danish), agressie [feminine] (Dutch), agreso (Esperanto), agressioon (Estonian), hyökkäys (Finnish), agression [feminine] (French), agresión [feminine] (Galician), აგრესია (agresia) (Georgian), Aggression [feminine] (German), Angriff [masculine] (German), επιθετικότητα (epithetikótita) [feminine] (Greek), תּוֹקְפָנוּת (tokfanút) [feminine] (Hebrew), agresszió (Hungarian), agresi (Indonesian), aggressione [feminine] (Italian), 侵略 (shinryaku) (alt: しんりゃく) (Japanese), អធិក្រម (ʼaʼthikrɑm) (Khmer), ការឈ្លានពាន (kaa chliən piən) (Khmer), អន្តរាគមន៍ (ʼɑntaʼraakum) (Khmer), 침략 (chimnyak) (alt: 侵略) (Korean), ການຮຸກຮານ (kān huk hān) (Lao), agresija [feminine] (Latvian), agrèsija [feminine] (Lithuanian), pencerobohan (Malay), түрэмгийлэл (türemgiilel) [Cyrillic] (Mongolian), aggresjon [masculine] (Norwegian Bokmål), agression [feminine] (Occitan), تَجاوُز (tajâvoz) (Persian), پرخاش (parxāš) (Persian), agresja [feminine] (Polish), agressão [feminine] (Portuguese), agresiune [feminine] (Romanian), агре́ссия (agréssija) [feminine] (Russian), нападе́ние (napadénije) (english: act) [neuter] (Russian), агрѐсија [Cyrillic, feminine] (Serbo-Croatian), agrèsija [Roman, feminine] (Serbo-Croatian), agresia [feminine] (Slovak), agresija [feminine] (Slovene), agresión [feminine] (Spanish), aggression [common-gender] (Swedish), таҷовуз (tajovuz) (Tajik), агрессия (agressiya) (Tajik), ความก้าวร้าว (kwaam-gâao-ráao) (Thai), การรุกราน (gaan-rúk-raan) (Thai), saldırganlık (Turkish), агре́сія (ahrésija) [feminine] (Ukrainian), xâm lược (Vietnamese), אַגרעסיע (agresye) [feminine] (Yiddish)
    Sense id: en-aggression-en-noun-cTmO9l6u Disambiguation of Human behaviour: 53 3 38 6 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries, Terms with Afrikaans translations, Terms with Albanian translations, Terms with Arabic translations, Terms with Armenian translations, Terms with Azerbaijani translations, Terms with Belarusian translations, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Catalan translations, Terms with Central Kurdish translations, Terms with Crimean Tatar translations, Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Danish translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Esperanto translations, Terms with Estonian translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with Galician translations, Terms with Georgian translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Greek translations, Terms with Hebrew translations, Terms with Hungarian translations, Terms with Indonesian translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Japanese translations, Terms with Khmer translations, Terms with Korean translations, Terms with Lao translations, Terms with Latin translations, Terms with Latvian translations, Terms with Lithuanian translations, Terms with Malay translations, Terms with Maltese translations, Terms with Mandarin translations, Terms with Manx translations, Terms with Mongolian translations, Terms with Navajo translations, Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations, Terms with Occitan translations, Terms with Persian translations, Terms with Polish translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Romanian translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations, Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations, Terms with Slovak translations, Terms with Slovene translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Swedish translations, Terms with Tajik translations, Terms with Thai translations, Terms with Turkish translations, Terms with Ukrainian translations, Terms with Vietnamese translations, Terms with Yiddish translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 47 11 27 15 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 51 14 20 15 Disambiguation of Pages with 3 entries: 59 11 18 12 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 68 9 14 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Afrikaans translations: 48 12 24 16 Disambiguation of Terms with Albanian translations: 48 12 24 16 Disambiguation of Terms with Arabic translations: 56 13 23 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Armenian translations: 50 11 24 15 Disambiguation of Terms with Azerbaijani translations: 48 12 24 16 Disambiguation of Terms with Belarusian translations: 54 9 27 10 Disambiguation of Terms with Bulgarian translations: 50 16 25 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Catalan translations: 52 13 26 10 Disambiguation of Terms with Central Kurdish translations: 82 5 10 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Crimean Tatar translations: 41 19 23 17 Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 47 12 26 15 Disambiguation of Terms with Danish translations: 60 13 20 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 55 13 20 13 Disambiguation of Terms with Esperanto translations: 59 14 17 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Estonian translations: 48 12 24 16 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 52 13 26 10 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 57 12 20 12 Disambiguation of Terms with Galician translations: 52 13 26 10 Disambiguation of Terms with Georgian translations: 49 13 23 15 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 58 10 21 10 Disambiguation of Terms with Greek translations: 39 12 27 22 Disambiguation of Terms with Hebrew translations: 57 12 21 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Hungarian translations: 36 11 29 24 Disambiguation of Terms with Indonesian translations: 48 12 24 16 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 62 10 18 10 Disambiguation of Terms with Japanese translations: 62 10 18 10 Disambiguation of Terms with Khmer translations: 53 12 25 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Korean translations: 52 13 26 10 Disambiguation of Terms with Lao translations: 58 11 23 8 Disambiguation of Terms with Latin translations: 62 10 18 10 Disambiguation of Terms with Latvian translations: 48 12 24 16 Disambiguation of Terms with Lithuanian translations: 48 12 24 16 Disambiguation of Terms with Malay translations: 48 12 24 16 Disambiguation of Terms with Maltese translations: 54 9 27 10 Disambiguation of Terms with Mandarin translations: 48 14 24 14 Disambiguation of Terms with Manx translations: 52 13 26 10 Disambiguation of Terms with Mongolian translations: 48 11 24 17 Disambiguation of Terms with Navajo translations: 55 15 18 12 Disambiguation of Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations: 48 14 28 10 Disambiguation of Terms with Occitan translations: 54 14 19 12 Disambiguation of Terms with Persian translations: 48 12 24 16 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 48 14 26 11 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 45 11 31 14 Disambiguation of Terms with Romanian translations: 52 13 26 10 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 62 10 18 10 Disambiguation of Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations: 51 13 27 10 Disambiguation of Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations: 49 12 23 16 Disambiguation of Terms with Slovak translations: 48 12 24 16 Disambiguation of Terms with Slovene translations: 48 12 24 16 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 63 10 18 10 Disambiguation of Terms with Swedish translations: 53 12 26 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Tajik translations: 48 12 24 16 Disambiguation of Terms with Thai translations: 50 11 24 15 Disambiguation of Terms with Turkish translations: 53 12 26 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Ukrainian translations: 52 13 26 10 Disambiguation of Terms with Vietnamese translations: 48 12 24 16 Disambiguation of Terms with Yiddish translations: 59 13 19 8 Disambiguation of 'act of initiating hostilities or invasion': 95 1 2 2
  2. The practice or habit of launching attacks. Tags: countable, uncountable Translations (the practice or habit of launching attacks): aggressie (Afrikaans), عِدْوَان (ʕidwān) [masculine] (Arabic), ագրեսիվություն (agresivutʻyun) (Armenian), агреси́вност (agresívnost) [feminine] (Bulgarian), 侵略 (qīnlüè) (Chinese Mandarin), tecavuz (Crimean Tatar), agressiya (Crimean Tatar), agressie (Dutch), väkivaltaisuus (Finnish), hyökkäävyys (Finnish), agression [feminine] (French), Aggression [feminine] (German), aggressione [feminine] (Italian), 侵略 (shinryaku) (alt: しんりゃく) (Japanese), 침략 (chimnyak) (alt: 侵略) (Korean), پرخاش (parxāš) (Persian), agressão [feminine] (Portuguese), agresiune [feminine] (Romanian), агре́ссия (agréssija) [feminine] (Russian), агресси́вность (agressívnostʹ) [feminine] (Russian), агрѐсија [Cyrillic, feminine] (Serbo-Croatian), agrèsija [Roman, feminine] (Serbo-Croatian), agresivita (Slovak), agresívnosť (Slovak)
    Sense id: en-aggression-en-noun-Rkq9T8iQ Categories (other): Terms with Hungarian translations Disambiguation of Terms with Hungarian translations: 36 11 29 24 Disambiguation of 'the practice or habit of launching attacks': 1 97 1 1
  3. Hostile or destructive behavior or actions. Tags: countable, uncountable Translations (hostile or destructive behavior or actions): ագրեսիա (agresia) (Armenian), агре́сия (agrésija) [feminine] (Bulgarian), 攻擊 (Chinese Mandarin), 攻击 (gōngjī, gōngjí) (Chinese Mandarin), tecavuz (Crimean Tatar), agressiya (Crimean Tatar), väkivaltaisuus (Finnish), hyökkäävyys (Finnish), agression [feminine] (French), Aggression [feminine] (German), επιθετικότητα (epithetikótita) [feminine] (Greek), aggressione [feminine] (Italian), 攻撃 (kōgeki) (alt: こうげき) (Japanese), ការឈ្លានពាន (kaa chliən piən) (Khmer), 공격 (gonggyeok) (alt: 攻擊) (Korean), aggair [masculine] (Manx), hashké nídzin (Navajo), پرخاش (parxāš) (Persian), agressão [feminine] (Portuguese), agresiune [feminine] (Romanian), агре́ссия (agréssija) [feminine] (Russian), нападе́ние (napadénije) [neuter] (Russian), miann còmhraig [feminine, masculine] (Scottish Gaelic), агрѐсија [Cyrillic, feminine] (Serbo-Croatian), agrèsija [Roman, feminine] (Serbo-Croatian), agresia (Slovak), agresión [feminine] (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-aggression-en-noun-QigDADXT Categories (other): Terms with Hungarian translations Disambiguation of Terms with Hungarian translations: 36 11 29 24 Disambiguation of 'hostile or destructive behavior or actions': 2 1 95 2
  4. (libertarianism) The initiation or threat of conflict; coercion. Tags: countable, uncountable
    Sense id: en-aggression-en-noun-aOc0VMSB Categories (other): Terms with Hungarian translations Disambiguation of Terms with Hungarian translations: 36 11 29 24
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: aggress, aggressive, aggressiveness, aggressor

Inflected forms

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "word": "nonaggression"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "aggressionism"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "aggressionist"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "antiaggression"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "autoaggression"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "counteraggression"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "cyberaggression"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "hyperaggression"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "macroaggression"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "microaggression"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "nanoaggression"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "non-aggression axiom"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "non-aggression principle"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "overaggression"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "passive-aggression"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "unaggression"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "war of aggression"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "aggression"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French aggression",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "aggressio"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin aggressio",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle French aggression, from Latin aggressio, from aggressus, past participle of aggredior (“to approach, address, attack”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "aggressions",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
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      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "aggression (countable and uncountable, plural aggressions)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
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      "word": "aggress"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "aggressive"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "aggressiveness"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "aggressor"
    }
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          "_dis": "50 11 24 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Thai translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "53 12 26 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 13 26 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "48 12 24 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "59 13 19 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Yiddish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "53 3 38 6",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Human behaviour",
          "orig": "en:Human behaviour",
          "parents": [
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2019 April 28, Hagai El-Ad, “What kind of democracy deports human rights workers?”, in Yoni Molad, transl., +972 Magazine:",
          "text": "Control, dispossession, violence, and tyranny are not “defensive”: they are part of an organized, ongoing aggression.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The act of initiating hostilities or invasion."
      ],
      "id": "en-aggression-en-noun-cTmO9l6u",
      "links": [
        [
          "hostilities",
          "hostility"
        ],
        [
          "invasion",
          "invasion"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "af",
          "lang": "Afrikaans",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "word": "aggressie"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "sq",
          "lang": "Albanian",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "agresion"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "ʕudwān",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "عُدْوَان"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "agresia",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "word": "ագրեսիա"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "word": "təcavüz"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "ahrésija",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "агрэ́сія"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "agrésija",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "агре́сия"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "english": "act",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "napadénie",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "нападе́ние"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "agressió"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "qīnlüè",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "word": "侵略"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "crh",
          "lang": "Crimean Tatar",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "word": "tecavuz"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "crh",
          "lang": "Crimean Tatar",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "word": "agressiya"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "agrese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "aggression"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "agressie"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "word": "agreso"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "et",
          "lang": "Estonian",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "word": "agressioon"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "word": "hyökkäys"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "agression"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "agresión"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "agresia",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "word": "აგრესია"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Aggression"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Angriff"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "epithetikótita",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "επιθετικότητα"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "tokfanút",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "תּוֹקְפָנוּת"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "word": "agresszió"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "id",
          "lang": "Indonesian",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "word": "agresi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "aggressione"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "alt": "しんりゃく",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "shinryaku",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "word": "侵略"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "km",
          "lang": "Khmer",
          "roman": "ʼaʼthikrɑm",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "word": "អធិក្រម"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "km",
          "lang": "Khmer",
          "roman": "kaa chliən piən",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "word": "ការឈ្លានពាន"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "km",
          "lang": "Khmer",
          "roman": "ʼɑntaʼraakum",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "word": "អន្តរាគមន៍"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "alt": "侵略",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "chimnyak",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "word": "침략"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "ckb",
          "lang": "Central Kurdish",
          "roman": "des drêjî",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "word": "دەس درێژی"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "lo",
          "lang": "Lao",
          "roman": "kān huk hān",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "word": "ການຮຸກຮານ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "agresija"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "lt",
          "lang": "Lithuanian",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "agrèsija"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "ms",
          "lang": "Malay",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "word": "pencerobohan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "mn",
          "lang": "Mongolian",
          "roman": "türemgiilel",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic"
          ],
          "word": "түрэмгийлэл"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "aggresjon"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "oc",
          "lang": "Occitan",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "agression"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "tajâvoz",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "word": "تَجاوُز"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "parxāš",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "word": "پرخاش"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "agresja"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "agressão"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "agresiune"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "agréssija",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "агре́ссия"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "english": "act",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "napadénije",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "нападе́ние"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "агрѐсија"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "tags": [
            "Roman",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "agrèsija"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "agresia"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "agresija"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "agresión"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "aggression"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "tg",
          "lang": "Tajik",
          "roman": "tajovuz",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "word": "таҷовуз"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "tg",
          "lang": "Tajik",
          "roman": "agressiya",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "word": "агрессия"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "th",
          "lang": "Thai",
          "roman": "kwaam-gâao-ráao",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "word": "ความก้าวร้าว"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "th",
          "lang": "Thai",
          "roman": "gaan-rúk-raan",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "word": "การรุกราน"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "word": "saldırganlık"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "ahrésija",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "агре́сія"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "word": "xâm lược"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 1 2 2",
          "code": "yi",
          "lang": "Yiddish",
          "roman": "agresye",
          "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "אַגרעסיע"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "36 11 29 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The practice or habit of launching attacks."
      ],
      "id": "en-aggression-en-noun-Rkq9T8iQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "attack",
          "attack"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
          "code": "af",
          "lang": "Afrikaans",
          "sense": "the practice or habit of launching attacks",
          "word": "aggressie"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "ʕidwān",
          "sense": "the practice or habit of launching attacks",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "عِدْوَان"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "agresivutʻyun",
          "sense": "the practice or habit of launching attacks",
          "word": "ագրեսիվություն"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "agresívnost",
          "sense": "the practice or habit of launching attacks",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "агреси́вност"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "qīnlüè",
          "sense": "the practice or habit of launching attacks",
          "word": "侵略"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
          "code": "crh",
          "lang": "Crimean Tatar",
          "sense": "the practice or habit of launching attacks",
          "word": "tecavuz"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
          "code": "crh",
          "lang": "Crimean Tatar",
          "sense": "the practice or habit of launching attacks",
          "word": "agressiya"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "the practice or habit of launching attacks",
          "word": "agressie"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "the practice or habit of launching attacks",
          "word": "väkivaltaisuus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "the practice or habit of launching attacks",
          "word": "hyökkäävyys"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "the practice or habit of launching attacks",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "agression"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "the practice or habit of launching attacks",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Aggression"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "the practice or habit of launching attacks",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "aggressione"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
          "alt": "しんりゃく",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "shinryaku",
          "sense": "the practice or habit of launching attacks",
          "word": "侵略"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
          "alt": "侵略",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "chimnyak",
          "sense": "the practice or habit of launching attacks",
          "word": "침략"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "parxāš",
          "sense": "the practice or habit of launching attacks",
          "word": "پرخاش"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "the practice or habit of launching attacks",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "agressão"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "the practice or habit of launching attacks",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "agresiune"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "agréssija",
          "sense": "the practice or habit of launching attacks",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "агре́ссия"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "agressívnostʹ",
          "sense": "the practice or habit of launching attacks",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "агресси́вность"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "the practice or habit of launching attacks",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "агрѐсија"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "the practice or habit of launching attacks",
          "tags": [
            "Roman",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "agrèsija"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "the practice or habit of launching attacks",
          "word": "agresivita"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "the practice or habit of launching attacks",
          "word": "agresívnosť"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "36 11 29 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2018, Michael Cottakis – LSE, “Colliding worlds: Donald Trump and the European Union”, in LSE's blog:",
          "text": "The decision to impose a steel and aluminum tariff is an act of aggression which makes trade war between the two pillars of the West a grim possibility.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Hostile or destructive behavior or actions."
      ],
      "id": "en-aggression-en-noun-QigDADXT",
      "links": [
        [
          "Hostile",
          "hostile"
        ],
        [
          "destructive",
          "destructive"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 95 2",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "agresia",
          "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
          "word": "ագրեսիա"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 95 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "agrésija",
          "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "агре́сия"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 95 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
          "word": "攻擊"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 95 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "gōngjī, gōngjí",
          "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
          "word": "攻击"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 95 2",
          "code": "crh",
          "lang": "Crimean Tatar",
          "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
          "word": "tecavuz"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 95 2",
          "code": "crh",
          "lang": "Crimean Tatar",
          "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
          "word": "agressiya"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 95 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
          "word": "väkivaltaisuus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 95 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
          "word": "hyökkäävyys"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 95 2",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "agression"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 95 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Aggression"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 95 2",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "epithetikótita",
          "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "επιθετικότητα"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 95 2",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "aggressione"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 95 2",
          "alt": "こうげき",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "kōgeki",
          "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
          "word": "攻撃"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 95 2",
          "code": "km",
          "lang": "Khmer",
          "roman": "kaa chliən piən",
          "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
          "word": "ការឈ្លានពាន"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 95 2",
          "alt": "攻擊",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "gonggyeok",
          "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
          "word": "공격"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 95 2",
          "code": "gv",
          "lang": "Manx",
          "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "aggair"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 95 2",
          "code": "nv",
          "lang": "Navajo",
          "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
          "word": "hashké nídzin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 95 2",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "parxāš",
          "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
          "word": "پرخاش"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 95 2",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "agressão"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 95 2",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "agresiune"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 95 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "agréssija",
          "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "агре́ссия"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 95 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "napadénije",
          "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "нападе́ние"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 95 2",
          "code": "gd",
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "miann còmhraig"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 95 2",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "агрѐсија"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 95 2",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
          "tags": [
            "Roman",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "agrèsija"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 95 2",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
          "word": "agresia"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 95 2",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "agresión"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "36 11 29 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The initiation or threat of conflict; coercion."
      ],
      "id": "en-aggression-en-noun-aOc0VMSB",
      "links": [
        [
          "libertarianism",
          "libertarianism"
        ],
        [
          "conflict",
          "conflict"
        ],
        [
          "coercion",
          "coercion"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(libertarianism) The initiation or threat of conflict; coercion."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/əˈɡɹɛʃən/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-aggression.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-aggression.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-aggression.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-aggression.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-aggression.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "aggression"
}
{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "word": "nonaggression"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms borrowed from Middle French",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle French",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Requests for review of Esperanto translations",
    "Requests for review of Latin translations",
    "Requests for review of Maltese translations",
    "Terms with Afrikaans translations",
    "Terms with Albanian translations",
    "Terms with Arabic translations",
    "Terms with Armenian translations",
    "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
    "Terms with Belarusian translations",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Catalan translations",
    "Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
    "Terms with Crimean Tatar translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Danish translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Esperanto translations",
    "Terms with Estonian translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with Galician translations",
    "Terms with Georgian translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Greek translations",
    "Terms with Hebrew translations",
    "Terms with Hungarian translations",
    "Terms with Indonesian translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Japanese translations",
    "Terms with Khmer translations",
    "Terms with Korean translations",
    "Terms with Lao translations",
    "Terms with Latin translations",
    "Terms with Latvian translations",
    "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
    "Terms with Malay translations",
    "Terms with Maltese translations",
    "Terms with Mandarin translations",
    "Terms with Manx translations",
    "Terms with Mongolian translations",
    "Terms with Navajo translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
    "Terms with Occitan translations",
    "Terms with Persian translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Romanian translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
    "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
    "Terms with Slovak translations",
    "Terms with Slovene translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "Terms with Tajik translations",
    "Terms with Thai translations",
    "Terms with Turkish translations",
    "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
    "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
    "Terms with Yiddish translations",
    "en:Human behaviour"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "aggressionism"
    },
    {
      "word": "aggressionist"
    },
    {
      "word": "antiaggression"
    },
    {
      "word": "autoaggression"
    },
    {
      "word": "counteraggression"
    },
    {
      "word": "cyberaggression"
    },
    {
      "word": "hyperaggression"
    },
    {
      "word": "macroaggression"
    },
    {
      "word": "microaggression"
    },
    {
      "word": "nanoaggression"
    },
    {
      "word": "non-aggression axiom"
    },
    {
      "word": "non-aggression principle"
    },
    {
      "word": "overaggression"
    },
    {
      "word": "passive-aggression"
    },
    {
      "word": "unaggression"
    },
    {
      "word": "war of aggression"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "aggression"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French aggression",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "aggressio"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin aggressio",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle French aggression, from Latin aggressio, from aggressus, past participle of aggredior (“to approach, address, attack”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "aggressions",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "aggression (countable and uncountable, plural aggressions)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "aggress"
    },
    {
      "word": "aggressive"
    },
    {
      "word": "aggressiveness"
    },
    {
      "word": "aggressor"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2019 April 28, Hagai El-Ad, “What kind of democracy deports human rights workers?”, in Yoni Molad, transl., +972 Magazine:",
          "text": "Control, dispossession, violence, and tyranny are not “defensive”: they are part of an organized, ongoing aggression.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The act of initiating hostilities or invasion."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hostilities",
          "hostility"
        ],
        [
          "invasion",
          "invasion"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The practice or habit of launching attacks."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "attack",
          "attack"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2018, Michael Cottakis – LSE, “Colliding worlds: Donald Trump and the European Union”, in LSE's blog:",
          "text": "The decision to impose a steel and aluminum tariff is an act of aggression which makes trade war between the two pillars of the West a grim possibility.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Hostile or destructive behavior or actions."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Hostile",
          "hostile"
        ],
        [
          "destructive",
          "destructive"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The initiation or threat of conflict; coercion."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "libertarianism",
          "libertarianism"
        ],
        [
          "conflict",
          "conflict"
        ],
        [
          "coercion",
          "coercion"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(libertarianism) The initiation or threat of conflict; coercion."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/əˈɡɹɛʃən/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-aggression.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-aggression.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-aggression.wav.mp3",
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    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "af",
      "lang": "Afrikaans",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "word": "aggressie"
    },
    {
      "code": "sq",
      "lang": "Albanian",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "agresion"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "ʕudwān",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "عُدْوَان"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "agresia",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "word": "ագրեսիա"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "word": "təcavüz"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "ahrésija",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "агрэ́сія"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "agrésija",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "агре́сия"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "english": "act",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "napadénie",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "нападе́ние"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "agressió"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "qīnlüè",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "word": "侵略"
    },
    {
      "code": "crh",
      "lang": "Crimean Tatar",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "word": "tecavuz"
    },
    {
      "code": "crh",
      "lang": "Crimean Tatar",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "word": "agressiya"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "agrese"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "aggression"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "agressie"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "word": "agreso"
    },
    {
      "code": "et",
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "word": "agressioon"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "word": "hyökkäys"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "agression"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "agresión"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "agresia",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "word": "აგრესია"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Aggression"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Angriff"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "epithetikótita",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "επιθετικότητα"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "tokfanút",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "תּוֹקְפָנוּת"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "word": "agresszió"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "word": "agresi"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "aggressione"
    },
    {
      "alt": "しんりゃく",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "shinryaku",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "word": "侵略"
    },
    {
      "code": "km",
      "lang": "Khmer",
      "roman": "ʼaʼthikrɑm",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "word": "អធិក្រម"
    },
    {
      "code": "km",
      "lang": "Khmer",
      "roman": "kaa chliən piən",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "word": "ការឈ្លានពាន"
    },
    {
      "code": "km",
      "lang": "Khmer",
      "roman": "ʼɑntaʼraakum",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "word": "អន្តរាគមន៍"
    },
    {
      "alt": "侵略",
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "chimnyak",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "word": "침략"
    },
    {
      "code": "ckb",
      "lang": "Central Kurdish",
      "roman": "des drêjî",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "word": "دەس درێژی"
    },
    {
      "code": "lo",
      "lang": "Lao",
      "roman": "kān huk hān",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "word": "ການຮຸກຮານ"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "agresija"
    },
    {
      "code": "lt",
      "lang": "Lithuanian",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "agrèsija"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "word": "pencerobohan"
    },
    {
      "code": "mn",
      "lang": "Mongolian",
      "roman": "türemgiilel",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic"
      ],
      "word": "түрэмгийлэл"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "aggresjon"
    },
    {
      "code": "oc",
      "lang": "Occitan",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "agression"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "tajâvoz",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "word": "تَجاوُز"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "parxāš",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "word": "پرخاش"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "agresja"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "agressão"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "agresiune"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "agréssija",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "агре́ссия"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "english": "act",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "napadénije",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "нападе́ние"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "агрѐсија"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "agrèsija"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "agresia"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "agresija"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "agresión"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "aggression"
    },
    {
      "code": "tg",
      "lang": "Tajik",
      "roman": "tajovuz",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "word": "таҷовуз"
    },
    {
      "code": "tg",
      "lang": "Tajik",
      "roman": "agressiya",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "word": "агрессия"
    },
    {
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "roman": "kwaam-gâao-ráao",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "word": "ความก้าวร้าว"
    },
    {
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "roman": "gaan-rúk-raan",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "word": "การรุกราน"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "word": "saldırganlık"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "ahrésija",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "агре́сія"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "word": "xâm lược"
    },
    {
      "code": "yi",
      "lang": "Yiddish",
      "roman": "agresye",
      "sense": "act of initiating hostilities or invasion",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "אַגרעסיע"
    },
    {
      "code": "af",
      "lang": "Afrikaans",
      "sense": "the practice or habit of launching attacks",
      "word": "aggressie"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "ʕidwān",
      "sense": "the practice or habit of launching attacks",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "عِدْوَان"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "agresivutʻyun",
      "sense": "the practice or habit of launching attacks",
      "word": "ագրեսիվություն"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "agresívnost",
      "sense": "the practice or habit of launching attacks",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "агреси́вност"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "qīnlüè",
      "sense": "the practice or habit of launching attacks",
      "word": "侵略"
    },
    {
      "code": "crh",
      "lang": "Crimean Tatar",
      "sense": "the practice or habit of launching attacks",
      "word": "tecavuz"
    },
    {
      "code": "crh",
      "lang": "Crimean Tatar",
      "sense": "the practice or habit of launching attacks",
      "word": "agressiya"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "the practice or habit of launching attacks",
      "word": "agressie"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "the practice or habit of launching attacks",
      "word": "väkivaltaisuus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "the practice or habit of launching attacks",
      "word": "hyökkäävyys"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "the practice or habit of launching attacks",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "agression"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "the practice or habit of launching attacks",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Aggression"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "the practice or habit of launching attacks",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "aggressione"
    },
    {
      "alt": "しんりゃく",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "shinryaku",
      "sense": "the practice or habit of launching attacks",
      "word": "侵略"
    },
    {
      "alt": "侵略",
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "chimnyak",
      "sense": "the practice or habit of launching attacks",
      "word": "침략"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "parxāš",
      "sense": "the practice or habit of launching attacks",
      "word": "پرخاش"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "the practice or habit of launching attacks",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "agressão"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "the practice or habit of launching attacks",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "agresiune"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "agréssija",
      "sense": "the practice or habit of launching attacks",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "агре́ссия"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "agressívnostʹ",
      "sense": "the practice or habit of launching attacks",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "агресси́вность"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "the practice or habit of launching attacks",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "агрѐсија"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "the practice or habit of launching attacks",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "agrèsija"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "the practice or habit of launching attacks",
      "word": "agresivita"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "the practice or habit of launching attacks",
      "word": "agresívnosť"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "agresia",
      "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
      "word": "ագրեսիա"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "agrésija",
      "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "агре́сия"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
      "word": "攻擊"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "gōngjī, gōngjí",
      "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
      "word": "攻击"
    },
    {
      "code": "crh",
      "lang": "Crimean Tatar",
      "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
      "word": "tecavuz"
    },
    {
      "code": "crh",
      "lang": "Crimean Tatar",
      "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
      "word": "agressiya"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
      "word": "väkivaltaisuus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
      "word": "hyökkäävyys"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "agression"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Aggression"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "epithetikótita",
      "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "επιθετικότητα"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "aggressione"
    },
    {
      "alt": "こうげき",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "kōgeki",
      "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
      "word": "攻撃"
    },
    {
      "code": "km",
      "lang": "Khmer",
      "roman": "kaa chliən piən",
      "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
      "word": "ការឈ្លានពាន"
    },
    {
      "alt": "攻擊",
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "gonggyeok",
      "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
      "word": "공격"
    },
    {
      "code": "gv",
      "lang": "Manx",
      "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "aggair"
    },
    {
      "code": "nv",
      "lang": "Navajo",
      "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
      "word": "hashké nídzin"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "parxāš",
      "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
      "word": "پرخاش"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "agressão"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "agresiune"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "agréssija",
      "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "агре́ссия"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "napadénije",
      "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "нападе́ние"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "miann còmhraig"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "агрѐсија"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "agrèsija"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
      "word": "agresia"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "hostile or destructive behavior or actions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "agresión"
    }
  ],
  "word": "aggression"
}

Download raw JSONL data for aggression meaning in English (21.0kB)

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: libertarianism",
  "path": [
    "aggression"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "aggression",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: libertarianism",
  "path": [
    "aggression"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "aggression",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.