See affront in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "affrontable"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "affrontee"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "affrontery"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "affrontive"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "affrontment"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "afrounten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English afrounten",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "afronter",
"4": "",
"5": "to defy"
},
"expansion": "Old French afronter (“to defy”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*affrontare",
"4": "",
"5": "to hit in the face"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *affrontare (“to hit in the face”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "ad",
"4": "",
"5": "to"
},
"expansion": "Latin ad (“to”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "front"
},
"expansion": "English front",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English afrounten, from Old French afronter (“to defy”), from Vulgar Latin *affrontare (“to hit in the face”), from Latin ad (“to”) + frōns (“forehead”) (English front).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "affronts",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "affronting",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "affronted",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "affronted",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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"args": {},
"expansion": "affront (third-person singular simple present affronts, present participle affronting, simple past and past participle affronted)",
"name": "en-verb"
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "1701–03, Joseph Addison, “The Isle of Caprea”, in Remarks on Several Parts of Italy, &c., published 1721, page 92:",
"text": "But beſides, that ſuch a thought was inconſiſtent with the gravity of a Senate, how can one imagine that the Fathers would have dared affront the Wife of Aurelius, and the Mother of Commodus, or that they could think of giving offence to an Empreſs whom they afterwards Defied, and to an Emperor that was the darling of the army and people?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To insult intentionally, especially openly."
],
"id": "en-affront-en-verb-WahIdJLU",
"links": [
[
"insult",
"insult"
],
[
"intentionally",
"intentionally"
],
[
"openly",
"openly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To insult intentionally, especially openly."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "99 1 1",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "viravorel",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "վիրավորել"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "oskǎrbjavam",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "оскърбявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "vysmívat se"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "urazit"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "fornærme"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "beledigen"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "loukata"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "solvata"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "herjata"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "défier"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "jeter le gant"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "envoyer un cartel"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "beleidigen"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "sért"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "maslaigh"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "insultare"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "návredi",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "на́вреди"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "muhani"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "muheni"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "whakamanioro"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "whakamania"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"obsolete"
],
"word": "afrontować"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "afrontar"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "oskorbljátʹ",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "оскорбля́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "inzultirati"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "uvrijéditi"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "afrentar"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "ofender"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "skymfa"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "förolämpa"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
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"name": "English terms with collocations",
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"examples": [
{
"text": "to affront death",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1978, Lawrence Durrell, Livia (Avignon Quintet), Faber & Faber, published 1992, page 436:",
"text": "Avignon was beginning to settle down for the night – that long painful stretch of time which must somehow be affronted.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To meet defiantly; to confront."
],
"id": "en-affront-en-verb-Tqiym9Bg",
"links": [
[
"defiantly",
"defiantly"
],
[
"confront",
"confront"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To meet defiantly; to confront."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izlizam nasrešta na",
"sense": "to meet defiantly; confront",
"word": "излизам насреща на"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to meet defiantly; confront",
"word": "vastustaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to meet defiantly; confront",
"word": "se confronter"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "se sóoči",
"sense": "to meet defiantly; confront",
"word": "се со́очи"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to meet defiantly; confront",
"word": "whakamīrei"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to meet defiantly; confront",
"word": "whakatima"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to meet defiantly; confront",
"word": "afrontar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to meet defiantly; confront",
"word": "encarar"
}
]
},
{
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],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1601, Pliny the Elder, translated by Philemon Holland, The History of the World, volume I, translation of Naturalis Historia (in Classical Latin), published 1634, book VI, page 124:",
"text": "Many Iſlands there lie all over that ſea : but one above the reſt, and moſt renowned, is Tazata : for thither all the ſhipping from out of the Caſpian ſea and the Scythian Ocean, doe bend their courſe and there arrive : for that all the ſea coaſts doe affront the Levant, and turne into the Eaſt.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i], page 265, column 1:",
"text": "Sweet Gertrude leaue vs too, / For we haue cloſely ſent for Hamlet hither, / That he, as ’twere by accident, may there / Affront Ophelia.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To meet or encounter face to face."
],
"id": "en-affront-en-verb-Vw7tigkn",
"links": [
[
"encounter",
"encounter"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To meet or encounter face to face."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 6 93",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to meet or encounter face to face",
"word": "rencontrer sur le terrain"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 6 93",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to meet or encounter face to face",
"word": "aller sur le pré"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 6 93",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "se sóoči",
"sense": "to meet or encounter face to face",
"word": "се со́очи"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 6 93",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to meet or encounter face to face",
"word": "afrontar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 6 93",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to meet or encounter face to face",
"word": "confrontar"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈfɹʌnt/"
},
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"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-affront.wav",
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{
"rhymes": "-ʌnt"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"affront"
],
"word": "affront"
}
{
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"3": "afronter",
"4": "",
"5": "to defy"
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"name": "der"
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{
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"3": "*affrontare",
"4": "",
"5": "to hit in the face"
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
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"expansion": "English front",
"name": "cog"
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],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English afrounten, from Old French afronter (“to defy”), from Vulgar Latin *affrontare (“to hit in the face”), from Latin ad (“to”) + frōns (“forehead”) (English front).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "affronts",
"tags": [
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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}
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Such behavior is an affront to society.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1610, Ben Jonson, “The Alchemist”, in The Workes of Beniamin Ionson, London: Will Stansby, published 1616, act II, scene ii, page 620:",
"text": "This day, thou ſhalt haue ingots : and, to morrow, / Giue lords th’ affront.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An open or intentional offense, slight, or insult."
],
"id": "en-affront-en-noun-8ae4soMW",
"links": [
[
"offense",
"offense"
],
[
"slight",
"slight"
],
[
"insult",
"insult"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "viravorankʻ",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"word": "վիրավորանք"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obida",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"word": "обида"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "oskǎrblenie",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"word": "оскърбление"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afront"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ofensa"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "greuge"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "urážka"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"word": "insulto"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"word": "solvang"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"word": "loukkaus"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"word": "solvaus"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "défi"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "affront"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "axe"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afronta"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Affront"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ývris",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ύβρις"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"word": "sértés"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tarcaisne"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "affronto"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "offensa"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "návreda",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "на́вреда"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fornærmelse"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"word": "afront"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"tags": [
"dated",
"feminine"
],
"word": "awania"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afronta"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "afront"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "oskorblénije",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "оскорбле́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "у̏вреда"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ȕvreda"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afrenta"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afruenta"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "baldón"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"word": "skymf"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"word": "förolämpning"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 34 9 32 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 26 10 23 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 33 7 21 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 34 6 19 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 33 7 21 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 32 8 20 17",
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{
"_dis": "21 30 11 22 17",
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"_dis": "23 27 11 22 18",
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},
{
"_dis": "22 28 8 24 19",
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},
{
"_dis": "22 33 7 21 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "22 33 7 21 17",
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"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "20 26 9 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "22 33 7 21 17",
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"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 28 7 23 18",
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"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 27 11 21 18",
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"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 32 8 20 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 36 7 20 16",
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"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 28 8 24 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 28 8 24 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 33 7 21 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 33 7 21 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 27 8 24 19",
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"name": "Terms with Nahuatl translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 33 8 20 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 30 9 19 15",
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"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "18 32 5 31 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 33 7 21 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 28 8 24 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 32 7 21 17",
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"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 27 9 23 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 33 7 21 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
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}
],
"glosses": [
"A hostile encounter or meeting."
],
"id": "en-affront-en-noun-duKZzDdz",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A hostile encounter or meeting."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "hostile encounter or meeting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "duel"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "hostile encounter or meeting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rencontre"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "sprotivstavúvanje",
"sense": "hostile encounter or meeting",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "спротивставу́вање"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "soočúvanje",
"sense": "hostile encounter or meeting",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "соочу́вање"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "hostile encounter or meeting",
"word": "afront"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "hostile encounter or meeting",
"word": "konfrontacija"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "hostile encounter or meeting",
"word": "suočavanje"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈfɹʌnt/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-affront.wav",
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{
"rhymes": "-ʌnt"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"affront"
],
"word": "affront"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌnt",
"Rhymes:English/ʌnt/2 syllables",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
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"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
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"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
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],
"derived": [
{
"word": "affrontable"
},
{
"word": "affrontee"
},
{
"word": "affrontery"
},
{
"word": "affrontive"
},
{
"word": "affrontment"
}
],
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{
"args": {
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"2": "enm",
"3": "afrounten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English afrounten",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "afronter",
"4": "",
"5": "to defy"
},
"expansion": "Old French afronter (“to defy”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*affrontare",
"4": "",
"5": "to hit in the face"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *affrontare (“to hit in the face”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "ad",
"4": "",
"5": "to"
},
"expansion": "Latin ad (“to”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "front"
},
"expansion": "English front",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English afrounten, from Old French afronter (“to defy”), from Vulgar Latin *affrontare (“to hit in the face”), from Latin ad (“to”) + frōns (“forehead”) (English front).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "affronts",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "affronting",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "affronted",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "affronted",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1701–03, Joseph Addison, “The Isle of Caprea”, in Remarks on Several Parts of Italy, &c., published 1721, page 92:",
"text": "But beſides, that ſuch a thought was inconſiſtent with the gravity of a Senate, how can one imagine that the Fathers would have dared affront the Wife of Aurelius, and the Mother of Commodus, or that they could think of giving offence to an Empreſs whom they afterwards Defied, and to an Emperor that was the darling of the army and people?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To insult intentionally, especially openly."
],
"links": [
[
"insult",
"insult"
],
[
"intentionally",
"intentionally"
],
[
"openly",
"openly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To insult intentionally, especially openly."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
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"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to affront death",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1978, Lawrence Durrell, Livia (Avignon Quintet), Faber & Faber, published 1992, page 436:",
"text": "Avignon was beginning to settle down for the night – that long painful stretch of time which must somehow be affronted.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To meet defiantly; to confront."
],
"links": [
[
"defiantly",
"defiantly"
],
[
"confront",
"confront"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To meet defiantly; to confront."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1601, Pliny the Elder, translated by Philemon Holland, The History of the World, volume I, translation of Naturalis Historia (in Classical Latin), published 1634, book VI, page 124:",
"text": "Many Iſlands there lie all over that ſea : but one above the reſt, and moſt renowned, is Tazata : for thither all the ſhipping from out of the Caſpian ſea and the Scythian Ocean, doe bend their courſe and there arrive : for that all the ſea coaſts doe affront the Levant, and turne into the Eaſt.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i], page 265, column 1:",
"text": "Sweet Gertrude leaue vs too, / For we haue cloſely ſent for Hamlet hither, / That he, as ’twere by accident, may there / Affront Ophelia.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To meet or encounter face to face."
],
"links": [
[
"encounter",
"encounter"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To meet or encounter face to face."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
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"ipa": "/əˈfɹʌnt/"
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{
"rhymes": "-ʌnt"
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],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "viravorel",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "վիրավորել"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "oskǎrbjavam",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "оскърбявам"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "vysmívat se"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "urazit"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "fornærme"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "beledigen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "loukata"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "solvata"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "herjata"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "défier"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "jeter le gant"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "envoyer un cartel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "beleidigen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "sért"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "maslaigh"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "insultare"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "návredi",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "на́вреди"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "muhani"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "muheni"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "whakamanioro"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "whakamania"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"obsolete"
],
"word": "afrontować"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "afrontar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "oskorbljátʹ",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "оскорбля́ть"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "inzultirati"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "uvrijéditi"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "afrentar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "ofender"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "skymfa"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to insult intentionally, especially openly",
"word": "förolämpa"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izlizam nasrešta na",
"sense": "to meet defiantly; confront",
"word": "излизам насреща на"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to meet defiantly; confront",
"word": "vastustaa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to meet defiantly; confront",
"word": "se confronter"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "se sóoči",
"sense": "to meet defiantly; confront",
"word": "се со́очи"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to meet defiantly; confront",
"word": "whakamīrei"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to meet defiantly; confront",
"word": "whakatima"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to meet defiantly; confront",
"word": "afrontar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to meet defiantly; confront",
"word": "encarar"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to meet or encounter face to face",
"word": "rencontrer sur le terrain"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to meet or encounter face to face",
"word": "aller sur le pré"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "se sóoči",
"sense": "to meet or encounter face to face",
"word": "се со́очи"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to meet or encounter face to face",
"word": "afrontar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to meet or encounter face to face",
"word": "confrontar"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"affront"
],
"word": "affront"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌnt",
"Rhymes:English/ʌnt/2 syllables",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Nahuatl translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "afrounten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English afrounten",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "afronter",
"4": "",
"5": "to defy"
},
"expansion": "Old French afronter (“to defy”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*affrontare",
"4": "",
"5": "to hit in the face"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *affrontare (“to hit in the face”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "ad",
"4": "",
"5": "to"
},
"expansion": "Latin ad (“to”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "front"
},
"expansion": "English front",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English afrounten, from Old French afronter (“to defy”), from Vulgar Latin *affrontare (“to hit in the face”), from Latin ad (“to”) + frōns (“forehead”) (English front).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "affronts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "affront (plural affronts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "effrontery"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Such behavior is an affront to society.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1610, Ben Jonson, “The Alchemist”, in The Workes of Beniamin Ionson, London: Will Stansby, published 1616, act II, scene ii, page 620:",
"text": "This day, thou ſhalt haue ingots : and, to morrow, / Giue lords th’ affront.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An open or intentional offense, slight, or insult."
],
"links": [
[
"offense",
"offense"
],
[
"slight",
"slight"
],
[
"insult",
"insult"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A hostile encounter or meeting."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A hostile encounter or meeting."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈfɹʌnt/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-affront.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-affront.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-affront.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-affront.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-affront.wav.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-affront.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/74/En-au-affront.ogg/En-au-affront.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/En-au-affront.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌnt"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "viravorankʻ",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"word": "վիրավորանք"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obida",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"word": "обида"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "oskǎrblenie",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"word": "оскърбление"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afront"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ofensa"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "greuge"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "urážka"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"word": "insulto"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"word": "solvang"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"word": "loukkaus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"word": "solvaus"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "défi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "affront"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "axe"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afronta"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Affront"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ývris",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ύβρις"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"word": "sértés"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tarcaisne"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "affronto"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "offensa"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "návreda",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "на́вреда"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fornærmelse"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"word": "afront"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"tags": [
"dated",
"feminine"
],
"word": "awania"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afronta"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "afront"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "oskorblénije",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "оскорбле́ние"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "у̏вреда"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ȕvreda"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afrenta"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afruenta"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "baldón"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"word": "skymf"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "open or intentional offense, slight, or insult",
"word": "förolämpning"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "hostile encounter or meeting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "duel"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "hostile encounter or meeting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rencontre"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "sprotivstavúvanje",
"sense": "hostile encounter or meeting",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "спротивставу́вање"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "soočúvanje",
"sense": "hostile encounter or meeting",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "соочу́вање"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "hostile encounter or meeting",
"word": "afront"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "hostile encounter or meeting",
"word": "konfrontacija"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "hostile encounter or meeting",
"word": "suočavanje"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"affront"
],
"word": "affront"
}
Download raw JSONL data for affront meaning in English (20.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.