"Weltschmerz" meaning in English

See Weltschmerz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈvɛltˌʃmɛːts/ [Received-Pronunciation], /-ˌʃmɜːts/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˈvɛltˌʃmɝts/ [General-American] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-weltschmerz.wav [Southern-England]
Etymology: Borrowed from German Weltschmerz, from Welt (“world”) + Schmerz (“physical ache, pain; emotional pain, heartache, sorrow”). The German word was coined by the author Jean Paul (1763–1825) in his novel Selina (posthumously published in 1827). Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*weyh₁-|*h₂el-|*-tis|*(s)merd-}}, {{bor|en|de|Weltschmerz}} German Weltschmerz, {{m|de|Welt|t=world}} Welt (“world”), {{m|de|Schmerz|t=physical ache, pain; emotional pain, heartache, sorrow}} Schmerz (“physical ache, pain; emotional pain, heartache, sorrow”) Head templates: {{en-noun|-}} Weltschmerz (uncountable)
  1. An apathetic or pessimistic view of life; depression concerning or discomfort with the human condition or state of the world; mal du siècle, world-weariness. Wikipedia link: Jean Paul Tags: uncountable Categories (topical): Emotions Synonyms: acedia, ennui, weltschmerz Related terms: weight of the world Translations (apathetic or pessimistic view of life; depression concerning or discomfort ith the human condition or state of the world — see also world-weariness): համաշխարհային վիշտ (hamašxarhayin višt) (Armenian), сусветны смутак (susvjetny smutak) (Belarusian), мирова скръб (mirova skrǎb) (Bulgarian), 厭世 (Chinese Mandarin), 厌世 (yànshì) (Chinese Mandarin), světabol [masculine] (Czech), weltschmerz [feminine, masculine] (Dutch), maailmantuska (Finnish), Weltschmerz [masculine] (German), צַעַר הָעוֹלָם (tsaár haolám) [masculine] (Hebrew), világfájdalom (Hungarian), heimshryggð [neuter] (Icelandic), велтшмерц (veltšmerc) (Macedonian), Weltschmerz [masculine] (Polish), weltszmerc [masculine] (Polish), мирова́я скорбь (mirovája skorbʹ) [feminine] (Russian), weltschmerz [masculine] (Spanish), світова скорбота (svitova skorbota) (Ukrainian), світовий біль (svitovyj bilʹ) (Ukrainian)

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for Weltschmerz meaning in English (12.2kB)

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      },
      "expansion": "Schmerz (“physical ache, pain; emotional pain, heartache, sorrow”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
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  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from German Weltschmerz, from Welt (“world”) + Schmerz (“physical ache, pain; emotional pain, heartache, sorrow”). The German word was coined by the author Jean Paul (1763–1825) in his novel Selina (posthumously published in 1827).",
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          "text": "And in this respect [Ludwig] Uhland presents a marked and useful contrast to the lackadaisical, sentimental, Weltschmerz school, the poets of which trade on their own pretended misery, and, cunningly enough, suggest that their poems must be touching and true in proportion as the authors set themselves forth as peculiarly skilled in bitterness of heart and badness of life.",
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          "ref": "[1891 Michaelmas term, T. A. B., “Weltschmerz”, in The Caian: The Magazine of Gonville and Caius College, volume I, number 2, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: [J. and C. F. Clay, at the University Press for Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge], →OCLC, pages 118 and 119",
          "text": "[page 118] It speaks well for the general healthiness of the English nation that we have no words corresponding to ‘Weltschmerz’ or ‘Ennui’. The ordinary Englishman experiences neither of these things. […] [page 119] Weltschmerz is a species of disease, a sort of spiritual measles—or to give a more technical diagnosis, it is the revolt of a young soul against the stone and iron of existence. […] ‘Ennui’ only attacks people either of hopeless incapacity or incurable laziness. Weltschmerz on the other hand is a positive, restless, state, a state of protest against the nature of things.\nTreated as a foreign word.]",
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          "ref": "1892, William Watson, “Preface”, in William Watson, editor, Lyric Love: An Anthology, London, New York, N.Y.: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC, page xiii",
          "text": "The artificial woe of the ancient armorist, whose days were a perpetual honeyed despair and his nights one long lachrymose vigil, is an extinct literary tradition; but a new, a different, and, alas! a more real sadness has taken its place—the modern world-sadness, the Weltschmerz, which infects all we do and are, not excepting our love-making— […]",
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          "ref": "1938 April, W. S. Heckscher, “Was This the Face…?”, in Journal of the Warburg Institute, volume I, number 4, London: Warburg Institute, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 297",
          "text": "Here we have it at once, blended though it may be with the new elements of purging humour and all-embracing Weltschmerz, in [William] Shakespeare's Hamlet.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1947 April 28, “Art: Berlin’s Best”, in Henry R[obinson] Luce, editor, Time, New York, N.Y.: Time Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2011-02-03",
          "text": "[Henry] Koerner's painting did have the heaviness, the harsh humor and the all-pervading weltschmerz which characterized German expressionism in the 1920s.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1973, Thomas Pynchon, “Part 3: In the Zone”, in Gravity’s Rainbow, New York, N.Y.: Viking Press, page 348",
          "text": "A man-to-man touch then on his buttoned epaulet. A middle-aged smile full of Weltschmerz.",
          "type": "quotation"
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          "ref": "2001 December, Susan Reifer, “Skiing is Good: Carry the Solitude and Peace of the Mountains with You”, in Rick Kahl, editor, Skiing, volume 54, number 4, Boulder, Colo.: Time4 Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 64, columns 2–3",
          "text": "The country was fat with peacetime prosperity, but lots of people were afflicted with a postwar funk called weltschmerz. They were depressed by what they'd seen of the \"civilized\" world. Soon whole bunches of people in their 20s and 30s moved to ski towns, checking out of the mainstream altogether. Their goal was no more lofty than having the freedom to spend day after endless day in a peaceful bubble, close to nature and on snow-covered slopes. Here was the weltschmerz antidote—and the birth of the parallel universe.",
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          "text": "Execution, the band's second record, burns with intense weltschmerz, its existential crises cloaked in buoyant instrumental hooks and shimmery arrangements.",
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        "An apathetic or pessimistic view of life; depression concerning or discomfort with the human condition or state of the world; mal du siècle, world-weariness."
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          "word": "ennui"
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          "word": "weltschmerz"
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          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "hamašxarhayin višt",
          "sense": "apathetic or pessimistic view of life; depression concerning or discomfort ith the human condition or state of the world — see also world-weariness",
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          "sense": "apathetic or pessimistic view of life; depression concerning or discomfort ith the human condition or state of the world — see also world-weariness",
          "word": "сусветны смутак"
        },
        {
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "mirova skrǎb",
          "sense": "apathetic or pessimistic view of life; depression concerning or discomfort ith the human condition or state of the world — see also world-weariness",
          "word": "мирова скръб"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "apathetic or pessimistic view of life; depression concerning or discomfort ith the human condition or state of the world — see also world-weariness",
          "word": "厭世"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "yànshì",
          "sense": "apathetic or pessimistic view of life; depression concerning or discomfort ith the human condition or state of the world — see also world-weariness",
          "word": "厌世"
        },
        {
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "apathetic or pessimistic view of life; depression concerning or discomfort ith the human condition or state of the world — see also world-weariness",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "světabol"
        },
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          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "apathetic or pessimistic view of life; depression concerning or discomfort ith the human condition or state of the world — see also world-weariness",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "weltschmerz"
        },
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          "code": "fi",
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          "sense": "apathetic or pessimistic view of life; depression concerning or discomfort ith the human condition or state of the world — see also world-weariness",
          "word": "maailmantuska"
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          "code": "de",
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          "sense": "apathetic or pessimistic view of life; depression concerning or discomfort ith the human condition or state of the world — see also world-weariness",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Weltschmerz"
        },
        {
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "tsaár haolám",
          "sense": "apathetic or pessimistic view of life; depression concerning or discomfort ith the human condition or state of the world — see also world-weariness",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "צַעַר הָעוֹלָם"
        },
        {
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "apathetic or pessimistic view of life; depression concerning or discomfort ith the human condition or state of the world — see also world-weariness",
          "word": "világfájdalom"
        },
        {
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "apathetic or pessimistic view of life; depression concerning or discomfort ith the human condition or state of the world — see also world-weariness",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "heimshryggð"
        },
        {
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "veltšmerc",
          "sense": "apathetic or pessimistic view of life; depression concerning or discomfort ith the human condition or state of the world — see also world-weariness",
          "word": "велтшмерц"
        },
        {
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "apathetic or pessimistic view of life; depression concerning or discomfort ith the human condition or state of the world — see also world-weariness",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Weltschmerz"
        },
        {
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "apathetic or pessimistic view of life; depression concerning or discomfort ith the human condition or state of the world — see also world-weariness",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "weltszmerc"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "mirovája skorbʹ",
          "sense": "apathetic or pessimistic view of life; depression concerning or discomfort ith the human condition or state of the world — see also world-weariness",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "мирова́я скорбь"
        },
        {
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "apathetic or pessimistic view of life; depression concerning or discomfort ith the human condition or state of the world — see also world-weariness",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "weltschmerz"
        },
        {
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "svitova skorbota",
          "sense": "apathetic or pessimistic view of life; depression concerning or discomfort ith the human condition or state of the world — see also world-weariness",
          "word": "світова скорбота"
        },
        {
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "svitovyj bilʹ",
          "sense": "apathetic or pessimistic view of life; depression concerning or discomfort ith the human condition or state of the world — see also world-weariness",
          "word": "світовий біль"
        }
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Jean Paul"
      ]
    }
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      "ipa": "/ˈvɛltˌʃmɛːts/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
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      "ipa": "/-ˌʃmɜːts/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
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      "ipa": "/ˈvɛltˌʃmɝts/",
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      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-weltschmerz.wav",
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      "tags": [
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  "word": "Weltschmerz"
}
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      "args": {
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      "expansion": "Schmerz (“physical ache, pain; emotional pain, heartache, sorrow”)",
      "name": "m"
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  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from German Weltschmerz, from Welt (“world”) + Schmerz (“physical ache, pain; emotional pain, heartache, sorrow”). The German word was coined by the author Jean Paul (1763–1825) in his novel Selina (posthumously published in 1827).",
  "head_templates": [
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  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "weight of the world"
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        "English lemmas",
        "English nouns",
        "English terms borrowed from German",
        "English terms derived from German",
        "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)merd-",
        "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *-tis",
        "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂el-",
        "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *weyh₁-",
        "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
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        "English terms with quotations",
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          "ref": "1864 July, “Art. II. 1. Gedichte von Ludwig Uhland. 4th Edition, with Preface by Dr. Holland. […] [book review]”, in John Taylor Coleridge, editor, The Quarterly Review, volume 116, number 231, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, page 53",
          "text": "And in this respect [Ludwig] Uhland presents a marked and useful contrast to the lackadaisical, sentimental, Weltschmerz school, the poets of which trade on their own pretended misery, and, cunningly enough, suggest that their poems must be touching and true in proportion as the authors set themselves forth as peculiarly skilled in bitterness of heart and badness of life.",
          "type": "quotation"
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        {
          "ref": "[1891 Michaelmas term, T. A. B., “Weltschmerz”, in The Caian: The Magazine of Gonville and Caius College, volume I, number 2, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: [J. and C. F. Clay, at the University Press for Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge], →OCLC, pages 118 and 119",
          "text": "[page 118] It speaks well for the general healthiness of the English nation that we have no words corresponding to ‘Weltschmerz’ or ‘Ennui’. The ordinary Englishman experiences neither of these things. […] [page 119] Weltschmerz is a species of disease, a sort of spiritual measles—or to give a more technical diagnosis, it is the revolt of a young soul against the stone and iron of existence. […] ‘Ennui’ only attacks people either of hopeless incapacity or incurable laziness. Weltschmerz on the other hand is a positive, restless, state, a state of protest against the nature of things.\nTreated as a foreign word.]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1892, William Watson, “Preface”, in William Watson, editor, Lyric Love: An Anthology, London, New York, N.Y.: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC, page xiii",
          "text": "The artificial woe of the ancient armorist, whose days were a perpetual honeyed despair and his nights one long lachrymose vigil, is an extinct literary tradition; but a new, a different, and, alas! a more real sadness has taken its place—the modern world-sadness, the Weltschmerz, which infects all we do and are, not excepting our love-making— […]",
          "type": "quotation"
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        {
          "ref": "1938 April, W. S. Heckscher, “Was This the Face…?”, in Journal of the Warburg Institute, volume I, number 4, London: Warburg Institute, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 297",
          "text": "Here we have it at once, blended though it may be with the new elements of purging humour and all-embracing Weltschmerz, in [William] Shakespeare's Hamlet.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1947 April 28, “Art: Berlin’s Best”, in Henry R[obinson] Luce, editor, Time, New York, N.Y.: Time Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2011-02-03",
          "text": "[Henry] Koerner's painting did have the heaviness, the harsh humor and the all-pervading weltschmerz which characterized German expressionism in the 1920s.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1973, Thomas Pynchon, “Part 3: In the Zone”, in Gravity’s Rainbow, New York, N.Y.: Viking Press, page 348",
          "text": "A man-to-man touch then on his buttoned epaulet. A middle-aged smile full of Weltschmerz.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2001 December, Susan Reifer, “Skiing is Good: Carry the Solitude and Peace of the Mountains with You”, in Rick Kahl, editor, Skiing, volume 54, number 4, Boulder, Colo.: Time4 Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 64, columns 2–3",
          "text": "The country was fat with peacetime prosperity, but lots of people were afflicted with a postwar funk called weltschmerz. They were depressed by what they'd seen of the \"civilized\" world. Soon whole bunches of people in their 20s and 30s moved to ski towns, checking out of the mainstream altogether. Their goal was no more lofty than having the freedom to spend day after endless day in a peaceful bubble, close to nature and on snow-covered slopes. Here was the weltschmerz antidote—and the birth of the parallel universe.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2002 October, Maya Singer, “Rilo Kiley: The Execution of All Things: Saddle Creek”, in CMJ New Music Monthly, number 106, New York, N.Y.: The CMJ Network, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 46",
          "text": "Execution, the band's second record, burns with intense weltschmerz, its existential crises cloaked in buoyant instrumental hooks and shimmery arrangements.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An apathetic or pessimistic view of life; depression concerning or discomfort with the human condition or state of the world; mal du siècle, world-weariness."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "apathetic",
          "apathetic"
        ],
        [
          "pessimistic",
          "pessimistic"
        ],
        [
          "view",
          "view#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "life",
          "life#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "depression",
          "depression"
        ],
        [
          "discomfort",
          "discomfort"
        ],
        [
          "human condition",
          "human condition"
        ],
        [
          "state",
          "state#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "world",
          "world"
        ],
        [
          "mal du siècle",
          "mal du siècle"
        ],
        [
          "world-weariness",
          "world-weariness"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "acedia"
        },
        {
          "word": "ennui"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Jean Paul"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈvɛltˌʃmɛːts/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-ˌʃmɜːts/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈvɛltˌʃmɝts/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-weltschmerz.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-weltschmerz.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-weltschmerz.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-weltschmerz.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-weltschmerz.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "weltschmerz"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "hamašxarhayin višt",
      "sense": "apathetic or pessimistic view of life; depression concerning or discomfort ith the human condition or state of the world — see also world-weariness",
      "word": "համաշխարհային վիշտ"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "susvjetny smutak",
      "sense": "apathetic or pessimistic view of life; depression concerning or discomfort ith the human condition or state of the world — see also world-weariness",
      "word": "сусветны смутак"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "mirova skrǎb",
      "sense": "apathetic or pessimistic view of life; depression concerning or discomfort ith the human condition or state of the world — see also world-weariness",
      "word": "мирова скръб"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "apathetic or pessimistic view of life; depression concerning or discomfort ith the human condition or state of the world — see also world-weariness",
      "word": "厭世"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "yànshì",
      "sense": "apathetic or pessimistic view of life; depression concerning or discomfort ith the human condition or state of the world — see also world-weariness",
      "word": "厌世"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "apathetic or pessimistic view of life; depression concerning or discomfort ith the human condition or state of the world — see also world-weariness",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "světabol"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "apathetic or pessimistic view of life; depression concerning or discomfort ith the human condition or state of the world — see also world-weariness",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "weltschmerz"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "apathetic or pessimistic view of life; depression concerning or discomfort ith the human condition or state of the world — see also world-weariness",
      "word": "maailmantuska"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "apathetic or pessimistic view of life; depression concerning or discomfort ith the human condition or state of the world — see also world-weariness",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Weltschmerz"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "tsaár haolám",
      "sense": "apathetic or pessimistic view of life; depression concerning or discomfort ith the human condition or state of the world — see also world-weariness",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "צַעַר הָעוֹלָם"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "apathetic or pessimistic view of life; depression concerning or discomfort ith the human condition or state of the world — see also world-weariness",
      "word": "világfájdalom"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "apathetic or pessimistic view of life; depression concerning or discomfort ith the human condition or state of the world — see also world-weariness",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "heimshryggð"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "veltšmerc",
      "sense": "apathetic or pessimistic view of life; depression concerning or discomfort ith the human condition or state of the world — see also world-weariness",
      "word": "велтшмерц"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "apathetic or pessimistic view of life; depression concerning or discomfort ith the human condition or state of the world — see also world-weariness",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Weltschmerz"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "apathetic or pessimistic view of life; depression concerning or discomfort ith the human condition or state of the world — see also world-weariness",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "weltszmerc"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "mirovája skorbʹ",
      "sense": "apathetic or pessimistic view of life; depression concerning or discomfort ith the human condition or state of the world — see also world-weariness",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "мирова́я скорбь"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "apathetic or pessimistic view of life; depression concerning or discomfort ith the human condition or state of the world — see also world-weariness",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "weltschmerz"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "svitova skorbota",
      "sense": "apathetic or pessimistic view of life; depression concerning or discomfort ith the human condition or state of the world — see also world-weariness",
      "word": "світова скорбота"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "svitovyj bilʹ",
      "sense": "apathetic or pessimistic view of life; depression concerning or discomfort ith the human condition or state of the world — see also world-weariness",
      "word": "світовий біль"
    }
  ],
  "word": "Weltschmerz"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.