"Byzantine" meaning in English

See Byzantine in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /bɪˈzæntaɪn/ [UK], /baɪˈzæntaɪn/ [UK], /ˈbɪzəntiːn/ [US], /ˈbɪzəntaɪn/ [US] Audio: en-us-Byzantine.ogg , en-us-Byzantine-2.ogg , en-au-Byzantine.ogg Forms: more Byzantine [comparative], most Byzantine [superlative]
Rhymes: -iːn Etymology: From Late Latin byzantinus, itself from Byzantium. The figurative senses evoke the reputation for palace intrigue of the Byzantium imperial court. Etymology templates: {{der|en|LL.|byzantinus}} Late Latin byzantinus Head templates: {{en-adj}} Byzantine (comparative more Byzantine, superlative most Byzantine)
  1. Of or pertaining to Byzantium. Categories (topical): Purples Translations (of or pertaining to Byzantium): بِيزَنْطِيّ (bīzanṭiyy) (Arabic), բյուզանդական (byuzandakan) (Armenian), bizantín (Asturian), візанты́йскі (vizantýjski) (Belarusian), bizantí (Catalan), byzantský (Czech), byzantinsk (Danish), Byzantijns (Dutch), bysanttilainen (Finnish), byzantin (French), bizantino (Galician), byzantinisch (German), βυζαντινός (vyzantinós) (Greek), bizánci (Hungarian), Biosántach (Irish), bizantino (Italian), bizantisks (Latvian), византиски (vizantiski) (Macedonian), Bizantium (Malay), 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬𐭠𐭣𐭩𐭪 (alt: ḥlʿmʾdyk /⁠hrōmāyīg⁠/) (Middle Persian), bysantinsk (Norwegian Bokmål), bysantinsk (Norwegian Nynorsk), bizantin (Occitan), bizantyjski (Polish), bizantyński (Polish), bizantino (Portuguese), bizantin (Romanian), византи́йский (vizantíjskij) (Russian), bizàntīnskī (Serbo-Croatian), bizantínski (Slovene), bizantino (Spanish), bysantinsk (Swedish), Bizans (Turkish), візанті́йський (vizantíjsʹkyj) (Ukrainian), Bysantaidd (Welsh)
    Sense id: en-Byzantine-en-adj-A-kkPbdL Disambiguation of Purples: 34 10 4 2 2 8 33 3 3 Disambiguation of 'of or pertaining to Byzantium': 71 20 1 0 0 7
  2. (history) Belonging to the civilization of the Eastern Roman Empire between 331, when its capital was moved to Constantinople, and 1453, when that capital was conquered by the Turks and ultimately renamed Istanbul. Categories (topical): History, Byzantine Empire, Demonyms, Purples Translations (belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire): Βῡζᾰντῐᾰκός (Būzăntĭăkós) (Ancient Greek), بِيزَنْطِيّ (bīzanṭiyy) (Arabic), բյուզանդական (byuzandakan) (Armenian), bizantí (Catalan), byzantinsk (Danish), bysanttilainen (Finnish), byzantin (French), ביזנטי (Hebrew), bizánci (Hungarian), Biosántach (Irish), Византиец (Vizantiec) (Macedonian), bizantino (Portuguese), bizantin (Romanian), византи́ец (vizantíjec) (Russian), Bizantínac (Serbo-Croatian), bizantino (Spanish), Bizans (Turkish)
    Sense id: en-Byzantine-en-adj-5EjOl7Ao Disambiguation of Byzantine Empire: 8 42 8 1 0 22 10 8 0 Disambiguation of Demonyms: 4 47 8 2 1 29 3 5 1 Disambiguation of Purples: 34 10 4 2 2 8 33 3 3 Categories (other): Automatic Inscriptional Pahlavi transliterations containing ambiguous characters, English entries with incorrect language header, Entries with translation boxes, Middle Persian terms with redundant script codes, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Terms with Ancient Greek translations, Terms with Arabic translations, Terms with Armenian translations, Terms with Asturian translations, Terms with Belarusian translations, Terms with Catalan translations, Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Danish translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with Galician translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Hebrew translations, Terms with Hungarian translations, Terms with Irish translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Latin translations, Terms with Latvian translations, Terms with Macedonian translations, Terms with Malay translations, Terms with Middle Persian translations, Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations, Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations, Terms with Occitan translations, Terms with Old Armenian translations, Terms with Polish translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Romanian translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations, Terms with Slovene translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Swedish translations, Terms with Turkish translations, Terms with Ukrainian translations, Terms with Welsh translations Disambiguation of Automatic Inscriptional Pahlavi transliterations containing ambiguous characters: 4 41 10 2 2 32 4 6 1 Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 0 39 9 4 2 35 1 8 0 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 1 46 4 2 1 41 1 4 1 Disambiguation of Middle Persian terms with redundant script codes: 2 36 9 8 3 30 2 8 1 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 2 42 9 2 2 34 2 7 1 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 2 43 9 2 1 35 2 7 1 Disambiguation of Terms with Ancient Greek translations: 13 36 3 1 1 22 13 11 1 Disambiguation of Terms with Arabic translations: 4 41 9 3 3 29 4 6 1 Disambiguation of Terms with Armenian translations: 4 40 7 3 3 33 4 6 1 Disambiguation of Terms with Asturian translations: 5 41 8 3 2 29 4 7 1 Disambiguation of Terms with Belarusian translations: 3 41 7 4 2 31 3 7 2 Disambiguation of Terms with Catalan translations: 4 43 8 3 3 28 4 6 1 Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 4 39 8 3 3 28 6 8 1 Disambiguation of Terms with Danish translations: 3 45 6 2 2 34 2 4 1 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 1 37 7 4 2 39 1 8 1 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 3 43 6 3 3 33 2 6 1 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 1 45 7 4 2 31 1 9 1 Disambiguation of Terms with Galician translations: 3 41 7 3 3 31 3 7 2 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 2 40 6 4 2 35 2 7 2 Disambiguation of Terms with Hebrew translations: 2 35 8 4 3 35 3 8 1 Disambiguation of Terms with Hungarian translations: 2 46 7 3 3 30 2 6 1 Disambiguation of Terms with Irish translations: 4 42 8 3 4 28 4 6 1 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 1 42 7 3 2 35 1 8 1 Disambiguation of Terms with Latin translations: 1 43 6 3 1 37 1 7 1 Disambiguation of Terms with Latvian translations: 3 42 7 3 3 31 2 7 1 Disambiguation of Terms with Macedonian translations: 3 40 7 3 3 34 2 7 1 Disambiguation of Terms with Malay translations: 4 41 8 3 3 29 4 6 1 Disambiguation of Terms with Middle Persian translations: 3 41 8 3 3 31 2 7 1 Disambiguation of Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations: 3 42 7 4 3 29 3 7 2 Disambiguation of Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations: 3 45 8 2 1 32 3 5 1 Disambiguation of Terms with Occitan translations: 5 40 8 3 3 28 4 7 1 Disambiguation of Terms with Old Armenian translations: 4 41 7 3 3 32 4 6 1 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 4 40 8 4 4 30 3 6 1 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 4 43 7 7 2 25 3 7 1 Disambiguation of Terms with Romanian translations: 3 40 7 3 3 34 2 7 1 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 1 38 6 3 2 41 1 7 1 Disambiguation of Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations: 4 42 8 3 3 29 4 6 1 Disambiguation of Terms with Slovene translations: 4 41 8 3 3 29 4 6 1 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 1 44 7 3 2 35 1 7 1 Disambiguation of Terms with Swedish translations: 4 42 8 3 3 29 4 6 1 Disambiguation of Terms with Turkish translations: 5 43 7 3 3 28 4 6 1 Disambiguation of Terms with Ukrainian translations: 4 42 8 3 3 28 4 6 1 Disambiguation of Terms with Welsh translations: 1 40 7 4 2 35 1 8 1 Topics: history, human-sciences, sciences Disambiguation of 'belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire': 2 56 23 2 1 16
  3. (architecture) Of a style of architecture prevalent in the Eastern Empire down to 1453, marked by the round arch springing from columns or piers, the dome supported upon pendentives, capitals elaborately sculptured, mosaic or other encrustations, etc. Categories (topical): Architecture
    Sense id: en-Byzantine-en-adj-KAUjfLzf Topics: architecture
  4. (figurative, often lower-case) Overly complex or intricate, especially of bureaucracy. Tags: figuratively, lowercase, often Translations (overly complex or intricate): bizantín (Asturian), byzantinsk (Danish), bysanttilainen (Finnish), byzantin (French), bizantino (Galician), byzantinisch (German), византиски (vizantiski) [masculine] (Macedonian), bizantino (Portuguese), византи́йский (vizantíjskij) (Russian), bizàntīnskī (Serbo-Croatian), farragoso (Spanish), bysantinsk (Swedish), karmakarışık (Turkish)
    Sense id: en-Byzantine-en-adj---vMsw2- Categories (other): English terms with collocations Disambiguation of 'overly complex or intricate': 0 3 3 85 3 6
  5. (figurative, often lower-case) Of a devious, usually stealthy, manner or practice. Tags: figuratively, lowercase, often Translations (of a devious usually stealthy manner): byzantinisch (German), sibilino (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-Byzantine-en-adj-tGVW7Wdj Disambiguation of 'of a devious usually stealthy manner': 1 4 5 2 85 4
  6. (Eastern Orthodoxy, Catholicism) Of or relating to the Byzantine Rite or any of the many Eastern Orthodox churches and Greek Catholic churches that use this rite for their liturgical celebrations. Categories (topical): Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Coins, Historical currencies
    Sense id: en-Byzantine-en-adj-7uqN4bpg Disambiguation of Coins: 2 22 5 4 1 30 12 23 1 Disambiguation of Historical currencies: 1 18 4 2 0 34 17 23 0 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, Entries with translation boxes, Middle Persian terms with redundant script codes, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Terms with Armenian translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Greek translations, Terms with Hebrew translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Latin translations, Terms with Macedonian translations, Terms with Romanian translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Welsh translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 0 39 9 4 2 35 1 8 0 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 1 46 4 2 1 41 1 4 1 Disambiguation of Middle Persian terms with redundant script codes: 2 36 9 8 3 30 2 8 1 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 2 42 9 2 2 34 2 7 1 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 2 43 9 2 1 35 2 7 1 Disambiguation of Terms with Armenian translations: 4 40 7 3 3 33 4 6 1 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 1 37 7 4 2 39 1 8 1 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 2 40 6 4 2 35 2 7 2 Disambiguation of Terms with Greek translations: 1 31 6 3 2 50 1 6 1 Disambiguation of Terms with Hebrew translations: 2 35 8 4 3 35 3 8 1 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 1 42 7 3 2 35 1 8 1 Disambiguation of Terms with Latin translations: 1 43 6 3 1 37 1 7 1 Disambiguation of Terms with Macedonian translations: 3 40 7 3 3 34 2 7 1 Disambiguation of Terms with Romanian translations: 3 40 7 3 3 34 2 7 1 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 1 38 6 3 2 41 1 7 1 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 1 44 7 3 2 35 1 7 1 Disambiguation of Terms with Welsh translations: 1 40 7 4 2 35 1 8 1 Topics: Catholicism, Christianity
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: Byzantiac [rare], byzantine, Byzantian, Bizantian [obsolete], Bizantine [archaic] Derived forms: Byzantine attack, Byzantine Empire, Byzantine fault tolerance, Byzantinist

Noun

IPA: /bɪˈzæntaɪn/ [UK], /baɪˈzæntaɪn/ [UK], /ˈbɪzəntiːn/ [US], /ˈbɪzəntaɪn/ [US] Audio: en-us-Byzantine.ogg , en-us-Byzantine-2.ogg , en-au-Byzantine.ogg Forms: Byzantines [plural]
Rhymes: -iːn Etymology: From Late Latin byzantinus, itself from Byzantium. The figurative senses evoke the reputation for palace intrigue of the Byzantium imperial court. Etymology templates: {{der|en|LL.|byzantinus}} Late Latin byzantinus Head templates: {{en-noun|~}} Byzantine (countable and uncountable, plural Byzantines)
  1. (historical) A native of Byzantium (modern-day Istanbul) or of the Byzantine empire Tags: countable, historical, uncountable Categories (topical): Purples Translations (native of Byzantine Empire): بِيزَنْطِيّ (bīzanṭiyy) (Arabic), բյուզանդացի (byuzandacʻi) (Armenian), bizantí [masculine] (Catalan), bizantina [feminine] (Catalan), Byzantinec [masculine] (Czech), byzantiner [common-gender] (Danish), Byzantijn [masculine] (Dutch), bysanttilainen (Finnish), Byzantin [masculine] (French), Byzantine [feminine] (French), bizantino [masculine] (Galician), Byzantiner [masculine] (German), Byzantinerin [feminine] (German), Βυζαντινός (Vyzantinós) [masculine] (Greek), Βυζαντινή (Vyzantiní) [feminine] (Greek), Biosántach [masculine] (Irish), Византиец (Vizantiec) [masculine] (Macedonian), Византијка (Vizantijka) [feminine] (Macedonian), հոռոմ (hoṙom) (Old Armenian), Bizantyjczyk [masculine] (Polish), Bizantyńczyk [masculine] (Polish), Bizantyjka [feminine] (Polish), bizantino [masculine] (Portuguese), bizantina [feminine] (Portuguese), bizantin [masculine] (Romanian), византи́ец (vizantíjec) [masculine] (Russian), византи́йка (vizantíjka) [feminine] (Russian), Bizantínac [Roman, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), Bizàntīnka [Roman, feminine] (Serbo-Croatian), bizantino [masculine] (Spanish), bizantina [feminine] (Spanish), Bizanslı (Turkish), Bysantiad [feminine, masculine] (Welsh)
    Sense id: en-Byzantine-en-noun-DYCRMlG9 Disambiguation of Purples: 34 10 4 2 2 8 33 3 3 Disambiguation of 'native of Byzantine Empire': 70 29 1
  2. (numismatics) Alternative form of byzantine (coin) Tags: alt-of, alternative, countable, uncountable Alternative form of: byzantine (extra: coin)
    Sense id: en-Byzantine-en-noun-T1nQy5XB Topics: hobbies, lifestyle, numismatics
  3. A dark, metallic shade of violet. Tags: countable, uncountable
    Sense id: en-Byzantine-en-noun-Htfo2OfW
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: byzantine, Byzantian, Bizantian [obsolete], Bizantine [archaic]

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "19 37 3 2 1 38",
      "word": "Byzantine attack"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "19 37 3 2 1 38",
      "word": "Byzantine Empire"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "19 37 3 2 1 38",
      "word": "Byzantine fault tolerance"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "19 37 3 2 1 38",
      "word": "Byzantinist"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "byzantinus"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin byzantinus",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Late Latin byzantinus, itself from Byzantium. The figurative senses evoke the reputation for palace intrigue of the Byzantium imperial court.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more Byzantine",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most Byzantine",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "Byzantine (comparative more Byzantine, superlative most Byzantine)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "34 10 4 2 2 8 33 3 3",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Purples",
          "orig": "en:Purples",
          "parents": [
            "Colors",
            "Light",
            "Vision",
            "Energy",
            "Senses",
            "Nature",
            "Perception",
            "All topics",
            "Body",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Of or pertaining to Byzantium."
      ],
      "id": "en-Byzantine-en-adj-A-kkPbdL",
      "links": [
        [
          "Byzantium",
          "Byzantium"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "71 20 1 0 0 7",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "bīzanṭiyy",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
          "word": "بِيزَنْطِيّ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "71 20 1 0 0 7",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "byuzandakan",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
          "word": "բյուզանդական"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "71 20 1 0 0 7",
          "code": "ast",
          "lang": "Asturian",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
          "word": "bizantín"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "71 20 1 0 0 7",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "vizantýjski",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
          "word": "візанты́йскі"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "71 20 1 0 0 7",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
          "word": "bizantí"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "71 20 1 0 0 7",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
          "word": "byzantský"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "71 20 1 0 0 7",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
          "word": "byzantinsk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "71 20 1 0 0 7",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
          "word": "Byzantijns"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "71 20 1 0 0 7",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
          "word": "bysanttilainen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "71 20 1 0 0 7",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
          "word": "byzantin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "71 20 1 0 0 7",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
          "word": "bizantino"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "71 20 1 0 0 7",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
          "word": "byzantinisch"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "71 20 1 0 0 7",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "vyzantinós",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
          "word": "βυζαντινός"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "71 20 1 0 0 7",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
          "word": "bizánci"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "71 20 1 0 0 7",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
          "word": "Biosántach"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "71 20 1 0 0 7",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
          "word": "bizantino"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "71 20 1 0 0 7",
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
          "word": "bizantisks"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "71 20 1 0 0 7",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "vizantiski",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
          "word": "византиски"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "71 20 1 0 0 7",
          "code": "ms",
          "lang": "Malay",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
          "word": "Bizantium"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "71 20 1 0 0 7",
          "alt": "ḥlʿmʾdyk /⁠hrōmāyīg⁠/",
          "code": "pal",
          "lang": "Middle Persian",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
          "word": "𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬𐭠𐭣𐭩𐭪"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "71 20 1 0 0 7",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
          "word": "bysantinsk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "71 20 1 0 0 7",
          "code": "nn",
          "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
          "word": "bysantinsk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "71 20 1 0 0 7",
          "code": "oc",
          "lang": "Occitan",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
          "word": "bizantin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "71 20 1 0 0 7",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
          "word": "bizantyjski"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "71 20 1 0 0 7",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
          "word": "bizantyński"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "71 20 1 0 0 7",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
          "word": "bizantino"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "71 20 1 0 0 7",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
          "word": "bizantin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "71 20 1 0 0 7",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "vizantíjskij",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
          "word": "византи́йский"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "71 20 1 0 0 7",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
          "word": "bizàntīnskī"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "71 20 1 0 0 7",
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
          "word": "bizantínski"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "71 20 1 0 0 7",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
          "word": "bizantino"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "71 20 1 0 0 7",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
          "word": "bysantinsk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "71 20 1 0 0 7",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
          "word": "Bizans"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "71 20 1 0 0 7",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "vizantíjsʹkyj",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
          "word": "візанті́йський"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "71 20 1 0 0 7",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
          "word": "Bysantaidd"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "History",
          "orig": "en:History",
          "parents": [
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 41 10 2 2 32 4 6 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Automatic Inscriptional Pahlavi transliterations containing ambiguous characters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 39 9 4 2 35 1 8 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 46 4 2 1 41 1 4 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with translation boxes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 36 9 8 3 30 2 8 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Persian terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 42 9 2 2 34 2 7 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
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          "parents": [],
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        {
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        {
          "_dis": "8 42 8 1 0 22 10 8 0",
          "kind": "topical",
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            "Ancient Near East",
            "History of Asia",
            "History of Europe",
            "History of Greece",
            "History of Turkey",
            "Ancient history",
            "Ancient Asia",
            "Asia",
            "History",
            "Europe",
            "Greece",
            "Turkey",
            "Earth",
            "Eurasia",
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            "Nature",
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        {
          "_dis": "4 47 8 2 1 29 3 5 1",
          "kind": "topical",
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            "People",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
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            "Colors",
            "Light",
            "Vision",
            "Energy",
            "Senses",
            "Nature",
            "Perception",
            "All topics",
            "Body",
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          "history"
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        ],
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          "Constantinople"
        ],
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          "Istanbul"
        ]
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        "human-sciences",
        "sciences"
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          "_dis1": "2 56 23 2 1 16",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
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          "sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
          "word": "بِيزَنْطِيّ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 56 23 2 1 16",
          "code": "hy",
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          "sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
          "word": "բյուզանդական"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 56 23 2 1 16",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
          "word": "bizantí"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 56 23 2 1 16",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
          "word": "byzantinsk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 56 23 2 1 16",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
          "word": "bysanttilainen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 56 23 2 1 16",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
          "word": "byzantin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 56 23 2 1 16",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "Būzăntĭăkós",
          "sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
          "word": "Βῡζᾰντῐᾰκός"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 56 23 2 1 16",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
          "word": "ביזנטי"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 56 23 2 1 16",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
          "word": "bizánci"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 56 23 2 1 16",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
          "word": "Biosántach"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 56 23 2 1 16",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "Vizantiec",
          "sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
          "word": "Византиец"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 56 23 2 1 16",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
          "word": "bizantino"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 56 23 2 1 16",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
          "word": "bizantin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 56 23 2 1 16",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "vizantíjec",
          "sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
          "word": "византи́ец"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 56 23 2 1 16",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
          "word": "Bizantínac"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 56 23 2 1 16",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
          "word": "bizantino"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 56 23 2 1 16",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
          "word": "Bizans"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Architecture",
          "orig": "en:Architecture",
          "parents": [
            "Applied sciences",
            "Art",
            "Sciences",
            "Culture",
            "All topics",
            "Society",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
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        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Of a style of architecture prevalent in the Eastern Empire down to 1453, marked by the round arch springing from columns or piers, the dome supported upon pendentives, capitals elaborately sculptured, mosaic or other encrustations, etc."
      ],
      "id": "en-Byzantine-en-adj-KAUjfLzf",
      "links": [
        [
          "architecture",
          "architecture"
        ],
        [
          "dome",
          "dome"
        ],
        [
          "pendentive",
          "pendentive"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(architecture) Of a style of architecture prevalent in the Eastern Empire down to 1453, marked by the round arch springing from columns or piers, the dome supported upon pendentives, capitals elaborately sculptured, mosaic or other encrustations, etc."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "architecture"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms with collocations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with collocations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
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        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "a Byzantine system of regulations",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2014 July 1, Julia Powles, “The byzantine, meandering discussion on the future of the internet”, in The Guardian:",
          "text": "The byzantine, meandering processes of Icann are engineered in a way that avoids any dissent surfacing, all under the reassuring guise of consensus.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2017 November 3, Julia Rampen, “A week in Pestminster”, in New Statesman:",
          "text": "Those following what has been dubbed “Pestminster” may nevertheless struggle to keep up with the Byzantine internal reporting structures, the range of accusations being levied and the sheer number of MPs involved.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Overly complex or intricate, especially of bureaucracy."
      ],
      "id": "en-Byzantine-en-adj---vMsw2-",
      "links": [
        [
          "complex",
          "complex"
        ],
        [
          "intricate",
          "intricate"
        ],
        [
          "bureaucracy",
          "bureaucracy"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative, often lower-case) Overly complex or intricate, especially of bureaucracy."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "lowercase",
        "often"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 3 3 85 3 6",
          "code": "ast",
          "lang": "Asturian",
          "sense": "overly complex or intricate",
          "word": "bizantín"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 3 3 85 3 6",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "overly complex or intricate",
          "word": "byzantinsk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 3 3 85 3 6",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "overly complex or intricate",
          "word": "bysanttilainen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 3 3 85 3 6",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "overly complex or intricate",
          "word": "byzantin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 3 3 85 3 6",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "overly complex or intricate",
          "word": "bizantino"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 3 3 85 3 6",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "overly complex or intricate",
          "word": "byzantinisch"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 3 3 85 3 6",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "vizantiski",
          "sense": "overly complex or intricate",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "византиски"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 3 3 85 3 6",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "overly complex or intricate",
          "word": "bizantino"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 3 3 85 3 6",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "vizantíjskij",
          "sense": "overly complex or intricate",
          "word": "византи́йский"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 3 3 85 3 6",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "overly complex or intricate",
          "word": "bizàntīnskī"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 3 3 85 3 6",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "overly complex or intricate",
          "word": "farragoso"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 3 3 85 3 6",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "overly complex or intricate",
          "word": "bysantinsk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 3 3 85 3 6",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "overly complex or intricate",
          "word": "karmakarışık"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2016 January 26, David Robert Grimes, “On the Viability of Conspiratorial Beliefs”, in PLOS One, volume 11, number 1, page 9:",
          "text": "It’s also important to note that this analysis deals solely with intrinsic failure, or the odds of a conspiracy being exposed intentionally or accidentally by actors involved—extrinsic analysis by non-participants would also increase the odds of detection, rendering such Byzantine cover-ups far more likely to fail.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2020 June 23, John Bolton, The Room Where It Happened: A White House Memoir, New York, N.Y.: Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, page 239:",
          "text": "I never went through a time when more people told me not to trust other people on an issue. Perhaps they were all right. The internal politics were byzantine, much of it played out in the media.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Of a devious, usually stealthy, manner or practice."
      ],
      "id": "en-Byzantine-en-adj-tGVW7Wdj",
      "links": [
        [
          "devious",
          "devious"
        ],
        [
          "stealthy",
          "stealthy"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative, often lower-case) Of a devious, usually stealthy, manner or practice."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "lowercase",
        "often"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "1 4 5 2 85 4",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "of a devious usually stealthy manner",
          "word": "byzantinisch"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 4 5 2 85 4",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "of a devious usually stealthy manner",
          "word": "sibilino"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Catholicism",
          "orig": "en:Catholicism",
          "parents": [
            "Christianity",
            "Abrahamism",
            "Religion",
            "Culture",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
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          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Eastern Orthodoxy",
          "orig": "en:Eastern Orthodoxy",
          "parents": [
            "Orthodoxy",
            "Christianity",
            "Abrahamism",
            "Religion",
            "Culture",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 39 9 4 2 35 1 8 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 46 4 2 1 41 1 4 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with translation boxes",
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        {
          "_dis": "2 36 9 8 3 30 2 8 1",
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          "name": "Middle Persian terms with redundant script codes",
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            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
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          "source": "w+disamb"
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        {
          "_dis": "2 42 9 2 2 34 2 7 1",
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          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
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        {
          "_dis": "2 43 9 2 1 35 2 7 1",
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          "name": "Pages with entries",
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        },
        {
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          "name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 37 7 4 2 39 1 8 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 40 6 4 2 35 2 7 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with German translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 31 6 3 2 50 1 6 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Greek translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
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        {
          "_dis": "2 35 8 4 3 35 3 8 1",
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          "name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 42 7 3 2 35 1 8 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Italian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 43 6 3 1 37 1 7 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Latin translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 40 7 3 3 34 2 7 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 40 7 3 3 34 2 7 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 38 6 3 2 41 1 7 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Russian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 44 7 3 2 35 1 7 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 40 7 4 2 35 1 8 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 22 5 4 1 30 12 23 1",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Coins",
          "orig": "en:Coins",
          "parents": [
            "Money",
            "Business",
            "Economics",
            "Society",
            "Social sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Sciences",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 18 4 2 0 34 17 23 0",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Historical currencies",
          "orig": "en:Historical currencies",
          "parents": [
            "Currencies",
            "Currency",
            "Money",
            "Business",
            "Economics",
            "Society",
            "Social sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Sciences",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1920 October, Edith Wharton, In Morocco, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, page 180:",
          "text": "This was the crowning incident of our visit, and I wondered with what Byzantine ritual the Anointed One fresh from the exercise of his priestly functions would be received among his women.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Of or relating to the Byzantine Rite or any of the many Eastern Orthodox churches and Greek Catholic churches that use this rite for their liturgical celebrations."
      ],
      "id": "en-Byzantine-en-adj-7uqN4bpg",
      "links": [
        [
          "Eastern Orthodoxy",
          "Eastern Orthodoxy"
        ],
        [
          "Catholicism",
          "Catholicism"
        ],
        [
          "Eastern Orthodox",
          "Eastern Orthodox"
        ],
        [
          "Greek Catholic",
          "Greek Catholic"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "Eastern Orthodoxy",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Eastern Orthodoxy, Catholicism) Of or relating to the Byzantine Rite or any of the many Eastern Orthodox churches and Greek Catholic churches that use this rite for their liturgical celebrations."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "Catholicism",
        "Christianity"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bɪˈzæntaɪn/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/baɪˈzæntaɪn/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɪzəntiːn/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɪzəntaɪn/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-Byzantine.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/En-us-Byzantine.ogg/En-us-Byzantine.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/En-us-Byzantine.ogg"
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      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/En-us-Byzantine-2.ogg"
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      "audio": "en-au-Byzantine.ogg",
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      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/En-au-Byzantine.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-iːn"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "19 37 3 2 1 38",
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ],
      "word": "Byzantiac"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "11 22 2 1 1 23 20 20 0",
      "word": "byzantine"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "11 22 2 1 1 23 20 20 0",
      "word": "Byzantian"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "11 22 2 1 1 23 20 20 0",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "Bizantian"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "11 22 2 1 1 23 20 20 0",
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "word": "Bizantine"
    }
  ],
  "word": "Byzantine"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "byzantinus"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin byzantinus",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Late Latin byzantinus, itself from Byzantium. The figurative senses evoke the reputation for palace intrigue of the Byzantium imperial court.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "Byzantines",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "Byzantine (countable and uncountable, plural Byzantines)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "34 10 4 2 2 8 33 3 3",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Purples",
          "orig": "en:Purples",
          "parents": [
            "Colors",
            "Light",
            "Vision",
            "Energy",
            "Senses",
            "Nature",
            "Perception",
            "All topics",
            "Body",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A native of Byzantium (modern-day Istanbul) or of the Byzantine empire"
      ],
      "id": "en-Byzantine-en-noun-DYCRMlG9",
      "links": [
        [
          "Byzantium",
          "Byzantium"
        ],
        [
          "Istanbul",
          "Istanbul"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) A native of Byzantium (modern-day Istanbul) or of the Byzantine empire"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "historical",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "70 29 1",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "bīzanṭiyy",
          "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
          "word": "بِيزَنْطِيّ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 29 1",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "byuzandacʻi",
          "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
          "word": "բյուզանդացի"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 29 1",
          "code": "xcl",
          "lang": "Old Armenian",
          "roman": "hoṙom",
          "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
          "word": "հոռոմ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 29 1",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "bizantí"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 29 1",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "bizantina"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 29 1",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Byzantinec"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 29 1",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "byzantiner"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 29 1",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Byzantijn"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 29 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
          "word": "bysanttilainen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 29 1",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Byzantin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 29 1",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Byzantine"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 29 1",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "bizantino"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 29 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Byzantiner"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 29 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Byzantinerin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 29 1",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "Vyzantinós",
          "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Βυζαντινός"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 29 1",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "Vyzantiní",
          "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Βυζαντινή"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 29 1",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Biosántach"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 29 1",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "Vizantiec",
          "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Византиец"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 29 1",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "Vizantijka",
          "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Византијка"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 29 1",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Bizantyjczyk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 29 1",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Bizantyńczyk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 29 1",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Bizantyjka"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 29 1",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "bizantino"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 29 1",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "bizantina"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 29 1",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "bizantin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 29 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "vizantíjec",
          "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "византи́ец"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 29 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "vizantíjka",
          "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "византи́йка"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 29 1",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
          "tags": [
            "Roman",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Bizantínac"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 29 1",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
          "tags": [
            "Roman",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Bizàntīnka"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 29 1",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "bizantino"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 29 1",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "bizantina"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 29 1",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
          "word": "Bizanslı"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 29 1",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Bysantiad"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "coin",
          "word": "byzantine"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of byzantine (coin)"
      ],
      "id": "en-Byzantine-en-noun-T1nQy5XB",
      "links": [
        [
          "numismatics",
          "numismatics"
        ],
        [
          "byzantine",
          "byzantine#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(numismatics) Alternative form of byzantine (coin)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "hobbies",
        "lifestyle",
        "numismatics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "byzantine:"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A dark, metallic shade of violet."
      ],
      "id": "en-Byzantine-en-noun-Htfo2OfW",
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bɪˈzæntaɪn/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/baɪˈzæntaɪn/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɪzəntiːn/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɪzəntaɪn/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-Byzantine.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/En-us-Byzantine.ogg/En-us-Byzantine.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/En-us-Byzantine.ogg"
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    {
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      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d6/En-us-Byzantine-2.ogg/En-us-Byzantine-2.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/En-us-Byzantine-2.ogg"
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      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/En-au-Byzantine.ogg/En-au-Byzantine.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/En-au-Byzantine.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-iːn"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "11 22 2 1 1 23 20 20 0",
      "word": "byzantine"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "11 22 2 1 1 23 20 20 0",
      "word": "Byzantian"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "11 22 2 1 1 23 20 20 0",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "Bizantian"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "11 22 2 1 1 23 20 20 0",
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "word": "Bizantine"
    }
  ],
  "word": "Byzantine"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Automatic Inscriptional Pahlavi transliterations containing ambiguous characters",
    "English adjectives",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Late Latin",
    "English terms derived from toponyms",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Middle Persian terms with redundant script codes",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Requests for review of Latin translations",
    "Rhymes:English/iːn",
    "Rhymes:English/iːn/3 syllables",
    "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
    "Terms with Arabic translations",
    "Terms with Armenian translations",
    "Terms with Asturian translations",
    "Terms with Belarusian translations",
    "Terms with Catalan translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Danish translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with Galician translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Greek translations",
    "Terms with Hebrew translations",
    "Terms with Hungarian translations",
    "Terms with Irish translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Latin translations",
    "Terms with Latvian translations",
    "Terms with Macedonian translations",
    "Terms with Malay translations",
    "Terms with Middle Persian translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
    "Terms with Occitan translations",
    "Terms with Old Armenian translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Romanian translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
    "Terms with Slovene translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "Terms with Turkish translations",
    "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
    "Terms with Welsh translations",
    "en:Byzantine Empire",
    "en:Coins",
    "en:Demonyms",
    "en:Historical currencies",
    "en:Purples"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "Byzantine attack"
    },
    {
      "word": "Byzantine Empire"
    },
    {
      "word": "Byzantine fault tolerance"
    },
    {
      "word": "Byzantinist"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "byzantinus"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin byzantinus",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Late Latin byzantinus, itself from Byzantium. The figurative senses evoke the reputation for palace intrigue of the Byzantium imperial court.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more Byzantine",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most Byzantine",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
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      "args": {},
      "expansion": "Byzantine (comparative more Byzantine, superlative most Byzantine)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Of or pertaining to Byzantium."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Byzantium",
          "Byzantium"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:History"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Belonging to the civilization of the Eastern Roman Empire between 331, when its capital was moved to Constantinople, and 1453, when that capital was conquered by the Turks and ultimately renamed Istanbul."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "history",
          "history"
        ],
        [
          "Eastern Roman Empire",
          "Eastern Roman Empire"
        ],
        [
          "Constantinople",
          "Constantinople"
        ],
        [
          "Istanbul",
          "Istanbul"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(history) Belonging to the civilization of the Eastern Roman Empire between 331, when its capital was moved to Constantinople, and 1453, when that capital was conquered by the Turks and ultimately renamed Istanbul."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "history",
        "human-sciences",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Architecture"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Of a style of architecture prevalent in the Eastern Empire down to 1453, marked by the round arch springing from columns or piers, the dome supported upon pendentives, capitals elaborately sculptured, mosaic or other encrustations, etc."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "architecture",
          "architecture"
        ],
        [
          "dome",
          "dome"
        ],
        [
          "pendentive",
          "pendentive"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(architecture) Of a style of architecture prevalent in the Eastern Empire down to 1453, marked by the round arch springing from columns or piers, the dome supported upon pendentives, capitals elaborately sculptured, mosaic or other encrustations, etc."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "architecture"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with collocations",
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "a Byzantine system of regulations",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2014 July 1, Julia Powles, “The byzantine, meandering discussion on the future of the internet”, in The Guardian:",
          "text": "The byzantine, meandering processes of Icann are engineered in a way that avoids any dissent surfacing, all under the reassuring guise of consensus.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2017 November 3, Julia Rampen, “A week in Pestminster”, in New Statesman:",
          "text": "Those following what has been dubbed “Pestminster” may nevertheless struggle to keep up with the Byzantine internal reporting structures, the range of accusations being levied and the sheer number of MPs involved.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Overly complex or intricate, especially of bureaucracy."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "complex",
          "complex"
        ],
        [
          "intricate",
          "intricate"
        ],
        [
          "bureaucracy",
          "bureaucracy"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative, often lower-case) Overly complex or intricate, especially of bureaucracy."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "lowercase",
        "often"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2016 January 26, David Robert Grimes, “On the Viability of Conspiratorial Beliefs”, in PLOS One, volume 11, number 1, page 9:",
          "text": "It’s also important to note that this analysis deals solely with intrinsic failure, or the odds of a conspiracy being exposed intentionally or accidentally by actors involved—extrinsic analysis by non-participants would also increase the odds of detection, rendering such Byzantine cover-ups far more likely to fail.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2020 June 23, John Bolton, The Room Where It Happened: A White House Memoir, New York, N.Y.: Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, page 239:",
          "text": "I never went through a time when more people told me not to trust other people on an issue. Perhaps they were all right. The internal politics were byzantine, much of it played out in the media.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Of a devious, usually stealthy, manner or practice."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "devious",
          "devious"
        ],
        [
          "stealthy",
          "stealthy"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative, often lower-case) Of a devious, usually stealthy, manner or practice."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "lowercase",
        "often"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Catholicism",
        "en:Eastern Orthodoxy"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1920 October, Edith Wharton, In Morocco, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, page 180:",
          "text": "This was the crowning incident of our visit, and I wondered with what Byzantine ritual the Anointed One fresh from the exercise of his priestly functions would be received among his women.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Of or relating to the Byzantine Rite or any of the many Eastern Orthodox churches and Greek Catholic churches that use this rite for their liturgical celebrations."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Eastern Orthodoxy",
          "Eastern Orthodoxy"
        ],
        [
          "Catholicism",
          "Catholicism"
        ],
        [
          "Eastern Orthodox",
          "Eastern Orthodox"
        ],
        [
          "Greek Catholic",
          "Greek Catholic"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "Eastern Orthodoxy",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Eastern Orthodoxy, Catholicism) Of or relating to the Byzantine Rite or any of the many Eastern Orthodox churches and Greek Catholic churches that use this rite for their liturgical celebrations."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "Catholicism",
        "Christianity"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bɪˈzæntaɪn/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/baɪˈzæntaɪn/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɪzəntiːn/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɪzəntaɪn/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
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      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/En-us-Byzantine.ogg/En-us-Byzantine.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/En-us-Byzantine.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-Byzantine-2.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d6/En-us-Byzantine-2.ogg/En-us-Byzantine-2.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/En-us-Byzantine-2.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-Byzantine.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/En-au-Byzantine.ogg/En-au-Byzantine.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/En-au-Byzantine.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-iːn"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ],
      "word": "Byzantiac"
    },
    {
      "word": "byzantine"
    },
    {
      "word": "Byzantian"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "Bizantian"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "word": "Bizantine"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "bīzanṭiyy",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
      "word": "بِيزَنْطِيّ"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "byuzandakan",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
      "word": "բյուզանդական"
    },
    {
      "code": "ast",
      "lang": "Asturian",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
      "word": "bizantín"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "vizantýjski",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
      "word": "візанты́йскі"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
      "word": "bizantí"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
      "word": "byzantský"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
      "word": "byzantinsk"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
      "word": "Byzantijns"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
      "word": "bysanttilainen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
      "word": "byzantin"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
      "word": "bizantino"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
      "word": "byzantinisch"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "vyzantinós",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
      "word": "βυζαντινός"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
      "word": "bizánci"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
      "word": "Biosántach"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
      "word": "bizantino"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
      "word": "bizantisks"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "vizantiski",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
      "word": "византиски"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
      "word": "Bizantium"
    },
    {
      "alt": "ḥlʿmʾdyk /⁠hrōmāyīg⁠/",
      "code": "pal",
      "lang": "Middle Persian",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
      "word": "𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬𐭠𐭣𐭩𐭪"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
      "word": "bysantinsk"
    },
    {
      "code": "nn",
      "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
      "word": "bysantinsk"
    },
    {
      "code": "oc",
      "lang": "Occitan",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
      "word": "bizantin"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
      "word": "bizantyjski"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
      "word": "bizantyński"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
      "word": "bizantino"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
      "word": "bizantin"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "vizantíjskij",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
      "word": "византи́йский"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
      "word": "bizàntīnskī"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
      "word": "bizantínski"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
      "word": "bizantino"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
      "word": "bysantinsk"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
      "word": "Bizans"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "vizantíjsʹkyj",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
      "word": "візанті́йський"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to Byzantium",
      "word": "Bysantaidd"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "bīzanṭiyy",
      "sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
      "word": "بِيزَنْطِيّ"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "byuzandakan",
      "sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
      "word": "բյուզանդական"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
      "word": "bizantí"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
      "word": "byzantinsk"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
      "word": "bysanttilainen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
      "word": "byzantin"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "Būzăntĭăkós",
      "sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
      "word": "Βῡζᾰντῐᾰκός"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
      "word": "ביזנטי"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
      "word": "bizánci"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
      "word": "Biosántach"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "Vizantiec",
      "sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
      "word": "Византиец"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
      "word": "bizantino"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
      "word": "bizantin"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "vizantíjec",
      "sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
      "word": "византи́ец"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
      "word": "Bizantínac"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
      "word": "bizantino"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire",
      "word": "Bizans"
    },
    {
      "code": "ast",
      "lang": "Asturian",
      "sense": "overly complex or intricate",
      "word": "bizantín"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "overly complex or intricate",
      "word": "byzantinsk"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "overly complex or intricate",
      "word": "bysanttilainen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "overly complex or intricate",
      "word": "byzantin"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "overly complex or intricate",
      "word": "bizantino"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "overly complex or intricate",
      "word": "byzantinisch"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "vizantiski",
      "sense": "overly complex or intricate",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "византиски"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "overly complex or intricate",
      "word": "bizantino"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "vizantíjskij",
      "sense": "overly complex or intricate",
      "word": "византи́йский"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "overly complex or intricate",
      "word": "bizàntīnskī"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "overly complex or intricate",
      "word": "farragoso"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "overly complex or intricate",
      "word": "bysantinsk"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "overly complex or intricate",
      "word": "karmakarışık"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "of a devious usually stealthy manner",
      "word": "byzantinisch"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "of a devious usually stealthy manner",
      "word": "sibilino"
    }
  ],
  "word": "Byzantine"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Automatic Inscriptional Pahlavi transliterations containing ambiguous characters",
    "English adjectives",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Late Latin",
    "English terms derived from toponyms",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Middle Persian terms with redundant script codes",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Requests for review of Latin translations",
    "Rhymes:English/iːn",
    "Rhymes:English/iːn/3 syllables",
    "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
    "Terms with Arabic translations",
    "Terms with Armenian translations",
    "Terms with Asturian translations",
    "Terms with Belarusian translations",
    "Terms with Catalan translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Danish translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with Galician translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Greek translations",
    "Terms with Hebrew translations",
    "Terms with Hungarian translations",
    "Terms with Irish translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Latin translations",
    "Terms with Latvian translations",
    "Terms with Macedonian translations",
    "Terms with Malay translations",
    "Terms with Middle Persian translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
    "Terms with Occitan translations",
    "Terms with Old Armenian translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Romanian translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
    "Terms with Slovene translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "Terms with Turkish translations",
    "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
    "Terms with Welsh translations",
    "en:Byzantine Empire",
    "en:Coins",
    "en:Demonyms",
    "en:Historical currencies",
    "en:Purples"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "byzantinus"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin byzantinus",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Late Latin byzantinus, itself from Byzantium. The figurative senses evoke the reputation for palace intrigue of the Byzantium imperial court.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "Byzantines",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "Byzantine (countable and uncountable, plural Byzantines)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with historical senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A native of Byzantium (modern-day Istanbul) or of the Byzantine empire"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Byzantium",
          "Byzantium"
        ],
        [
          "Istanbul",
          "Istanbul"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) A native of Byzantium (modern-day Istanbul) or of the Byzantine empire"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "historical",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "coin",
          "word": "byzantine"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of byzantine (coin)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "numismatics",
          "numismatics"
        ],
        [
          "byzantine",
          "byzantine#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(numismatics) Alternative form of byzantine (coin)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "hobbies",
        "lifestyle",
        "numismatics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "byzantine:"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A dark, metallic shade of violet."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bɪˈzæntaɪn/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/baɪˈzæntaɪn/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɪzəntiːn/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɪzəntaɪn/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-Byzantine.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/En-us-Byzantine.ogg/En-us-Byzantine.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/En-us-Byzantine.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-Byzantine-2.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d6/En-us-Byzantine-2.ogg/En-us-Byzantine-2.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/En-us-Byzantine-2.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-Byzantine.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/En-au-Byzantine.ogg/En-au-Byzantine.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/En-au-Byzantine.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-iːn"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "byzantine"
    },
    {
      "word": "Byzantian"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "Bizantian"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "word": "Bizantine"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "bīzanṭiyy",
      "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
      "word": "بِيزَنْطِيّ"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "byuzandacʻi",
      "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
      "word": "բյուզանդացի"
    },
    {
      "code": "xcl",
      "lang": "Old Armenian",
      "roman": "hoṙom",
      "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
      "word": "հոռոմ"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "bizantí"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "bizantina"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Byzantinec"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "byzantiner"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Byzantijn"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
      "word": "bysanttilainen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Byzantin"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "bizantino"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Byzantiner"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Byzantinerin"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "Vyzantinós",
      "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Βυζαντινός"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "Vyzantiní",
      "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Βυζαντινή"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Biosántach"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "Vizantiec",
      "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Византиец"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "Vizantijka",
      "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Византијка"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Bizantyjczyk"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Bizantyńczyk"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Bizantyjka"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "bizantino"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "bizantina"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "bizantin"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "vizantíjec",
      "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "византи́ец"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "vizantíjka",
      "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "византи́йка"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Bizantínac"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Bizàntīnka"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "bizantino"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "bizantina"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
      "word": "Bizanslı"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "native of Byzantine Empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Bysantiad"
    }
  ],
  "word": "Byzantine"
}

Download raw JSONL data for Byzantine meaning in English (24.7kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (9a96ef4 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.