See -graph in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "digraph"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "trigraph"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "tetragraph"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pentagraph"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "monograph"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "photograph"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "paragraph"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":der",
"3": "grc:-γρᾰ́φος",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gerbʰ-\nProto-Hellenic *grə́pʰō\nAncient Greek γράφω (gráphō)\nAncient Greek -γρᾰ́φος (-grắphos)der.\nEnglish -graph\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to scratch\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to scratch\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to carve\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*gerbʰ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*grə́pʰō\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"γράφω\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-γρᾰ́φος\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-graph\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-graph\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-γράφος",
"4": "",
"5": "that writes, describes"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -γράφος (-gráphos, “that writes, describes”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gerbʰ-\nProto-Hellenic *grə́pʰō\nAncient Greek γράφω (gráphō)\nAncient Greek -γρᾰ́φος (-grắphos)der.\nEnglish -graph\nFrom Ancient Greek -γράφος (-gráphos, “that writes, describes”), from γράφω (gráphō, “to scratch, to scrape, to graze”), whence also -graphy.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-graphs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s"
},
"expansion": "-graph (noun-forming suffix, plural -graphs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "-graphy"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "stenograph"
}
],
"glosses": [
"that writes"
],
"id": "en--graph-en-suffix-7ILcZbkD",
"links": [
[
"write",
"write"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English metonyms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"that is written"
],
"id": "en--graph-en-suffix-qtveUW0Q",
"raw_glosses": [
"(metonymic) that is written"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "18 64 6 7 5",
"sense": "that written",
"word": "-gram"
}
],
"tags": [
"metonymically",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"that draws or shows"
],
"id": "en--graph-en-suffix-EpJvahtU",
"qualifier": "by analogy",
"raw_glosses": [
"(by analogy) that draws or shows"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English metonyms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "15 23 13 42 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 15 7 65 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 15 13 47 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 19 11 50 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 19 11 50 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 16 10 56 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 12 7 68 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 18 11 50 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 22 9 51 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 22 9 51 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 15 5 70 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 16 11 52 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 15 13 48 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 16 11 52 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 16 11 52 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 16 11 52 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 12 11 56 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 22 9 51 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 23 10 48 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 16 4 73 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 17 13 45 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 21 9 53 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 12 11 56 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 11 56 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 22 9 51 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "photograph"
}
],
"glosses": [
"that is drawn or shown"
],
"id": "en--graph-en-suffix-b5zG22Yy",
"raw_glosses": [
"(metonymic) that is drawn or shown"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "4 5 29 59 2",
"sense": "that drawn or show",
"word": "-gram"
}
],
"tags": [
"metonymically",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A group of letters of a specified number."
],
"id": "en--graph-en-suffix-RHCaYvHf",
"links": [
[
"letter",
"letter"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "33 27 13 17 9",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "something related to writing etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-graf"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 27 13 17 9",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "something related to writing etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-graf"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 27 13 17 9",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "something related to writing etc.",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "-graf"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 27 13 17 9",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "something related to writing etc.",
"word": "-grafi"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 27 13 17 9",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "something related to writing etc.",
"word": "-graphe"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 27 13 17 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "something related to writing etc.",
"word": "-graph"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 27 13 17 9",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "something related to writing etc.",
"word": "-gráf"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 27 13 17 9",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"sense": "something related to writing etc.",
"word": "-graf"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 27 13 17 9",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "something related to writing etc.",
"word": "-graphus"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 27 13 17 9",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "something related to writing etc.",
"word": "-graf"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 27 13 17 9",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "something related to writing etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-graf"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 27 13 17 9",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"sense": "something related to writing etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-graf"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 27 13 17 9",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "something related to writing etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-graf"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 27 13 17 9",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "something related to writing etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-grafo"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 27 13 17 9",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-graf",
"sense": "something related to writing etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-граф"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 27 13 17 9",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "something related to writing etc.",
"word": "-grafo"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 27 13 17 9",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "-hraf",
"sense": "something related to writing etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-граф"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 27 13 17 9",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "-graf",
"sense": "something related to writing etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ґраф"
}
],
"word": "-graph"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English noun-forming suffixes",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Proto-Hellenic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gerbʰ-",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "digraph"
},
{
"word": "trigraph"
},
{
"word": "tetragraph"
},
{
"word": "pentagraph"
},
{
"word": "monograph"
},
{
"word": "photograph"
},
{
"word": "paragraph"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":der",
"3": "grc:-γρᾰ́φος",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gerbʰ-\nProto-Hellenic *grə́pʰō\nAncient Greek γράφω (gráphō)\nAncient Greek -γρᾰ́φος (-grắphos)der.\nEnglish -graph\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to scratch\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to scratch\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to carve\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*gerbʰ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*grə́pʰō\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"γράφω\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-γρᾰ́φος\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-graph\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-graph\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-γράφος",
"4": "",
"5": "that writes, describes"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -γράφος (-gráphos, “that writes, describes”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gerbʰ-\nProto-Hellenic *grə́pʰō\nAncient Greek γράφω (gráphō)\nAncient Greek -γρᾰ́φος (-grắphos)der.\nEnglish -graph\nFrom Ancient Greek -γράφος (-gráphos, “that writes, describes”), from γράφω (gráphō, “to scratch, to scrape, to graze”), whence also -graphy.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-graphs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s"
},
"expansion": "-graph (noun-forming suffix, plural -graphs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-graphy"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "stenograph"
}
],
"glosses": [
"that writes"
],
"links": [
[
"write",
"write"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English metonyms"
],
"glosses": [
"that is written"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(metonymic) that is written"
],
"tags": [
"metonymically",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"that draws or shows"
],
"qualifier": "by analogy",
"raw_glosses": [
"(by analogy) that draws or shows"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English metonyms"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "photograph"
}
],
"glosses": [
"that is drawn or shown"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(metonymic) that is drawn or shown"
],
"tags": [
"metonymically",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A group of letters of a specified number."
],
"links": [
[
"letter",
"letter"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "that written",
"word": "-gram"
},
{
"sense": "that drawn or show",
"word": "-gram"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "something related to writing etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-graf"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "something related to writing etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-graf"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "something related to writing etc.",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "-graf"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "something related to writing etc.",
"word": "-grafi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "something related to writing etc.",
"word": "-graphe"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "something related to writing etc.",
"word": "-graph"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "something related to writing etc.",
"word": "-gráf"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"sense": "something related to writing etc.",
"word": "-graf"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "something related to writing etc.",
"word": "-graphus"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "something related to writing etc.",
"word": "-graf"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "something related to writing etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-graf"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"sense": "something related to writing etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-graf"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "something related to writing etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-graf"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "something related to writing etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-grafo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-graf",
"sense": "something related to writing etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-граф"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "something related to writing etc.",
"word": "-grafo"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "-hraf",
"sense": "something related to writing etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-граф"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "-graf",
"sense": "something related to writing etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ґраф"
}
],
"word": "-graph"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -graph meaning in English (6.8kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: noun-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-graph"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-graph",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-05-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-05-01 using wiktextract (8336b26 and ae80fde). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.