"-ful" meaning in English

See -ful in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

IPA: /fʊl/, /fəl/, [fl̩]
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English -ful, -full, from Old English -ful, -full (“full of; -ful”), from Proto-Germanic *-fullaz (“-ful”), from Proto-Germanic *fullaz (“full”); see full. Cognate with Scots -fu, Saterland Frisian -ful (“-ful”), West Frisian -fol (“-ful”), Dutch -vol (“-ful”), German -voll (“-ful”), Swedish -full (“-ful”), Icelandic -fullur, -fyllur (“-ful”). Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|en|enm|-ful|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Middle English -ful, {{inh+|en|enm|-ful}} Inherited from Middle English -ful, {{m|enm|-full}} -full, {{inh|en|ang|-ful}} Old English -ful, {{m|ang|-full||full of; -ful}} -full (“full of; -ful”), {{inh|en|gem-pro|*-fullaz||-ful}} Proto-Germanic *-fullaz (“-ful”), {{der|en|gem-pro|*fullaz|t=full}} Proto-Germanic *fullaz (“full”), {{l|en|full}} full, {{cog|sco|-fu}} Scots -fu, {{cog|stq|-ful|t=-ful}} Saterland Frisian -ful (“-ful”), {{cog|fy|-fol|t=-ful}} West Frisian -fol (“-ful”), {{cog|nl|-vol|t=-ful}} Dutch -vol (“-ful”), {{cog|de|-voll|t=-ful}} German -voll (“-ful”), {{cog|sv|-full|t=-ful}} Swedish -full (“-ful”), {{cog|is|-fullur}} Icelandic -fullur, {{m|is|-fyllur|t=-ful}} -fyllur (“-ful”) Head templates: {{head|en|suffix|cat2=|cat3=|head=|id=}} -ful, {{en-suffix}} -ful
  1. Used to form adjectives from nouns, with the sense of being full of, tending to, or thoroughly possessing the quality expressed by the noun. Tags: morpheme Synonyms (full of): -ose Translations (full of, possessing): -plný (Czech), da (Esperanto), -plena (Esperanto), -oza (Esperanto), -voll (German), -oza (Ido), -lon (Welsh), -llon (Welsh), -lawn (Welsh), -llawn (Welsh)
    Sense id: en--ful-en-suffix-nmSWwb0a Categories (other): English entries with language name categories using raw markup, English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys Disambiguation of English entries with language name categories using raw markup: 56 44 Disambiguation of English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 64 36
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: -full [uncommon], ⠰⠇ (english: Braille)
Etymology number: 1

Suffix

IPA: /fʊl/, /fəl/, [fl̩]
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English -ful, from Old English -ful, -full, from Proto-Germanic *fullō, *fullijô (“filling”). Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|en|enm|-ful|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Middle English -ful, {{inh+|en|enm|-ful}} Inherited from Middle English -ful, {{inh|en|ang|-ful}} Old English -ful, {{m|ang|-full}} -full, {{der|en|gem-pro|*fullō}} Proto-Germanic *fullō, {{m|gem-pro|*fullijô|t=filling}} *fullijô (“filling”) Head templates: {{head|en|suffix|cat2=|cat3=|head=|id=}} -ful, {{en-suffix}} -ful
  1. Used to form nouns from nouns meaning “as much as can be held by what is denoted by the noun” Tags: morpheme Related terms (having a considerable amount of): -some Translations (as much as can be held): -as (Cornish), -ata (Interlingua), -ata [feminine] (Italian), -ada [feminine] (Portuguese), -ada [feminine] (Spanish), -aid [feminine, masculine] (Welsh)
    Sense id: en--ful-en-suffix-A0-lLrXk
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: -full [uncommon], ⠰⠇ (english: Braille)
Etymology number: 2

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for -ful meaning in English (7.1kB)

{
  "antonyms": [
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      "word": "-less"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
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      "expansion": "Old English -ful",
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      "args": {
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      "expansion": "Dutch -vol (“-ful”)",
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    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "-voll",
        "t": "-ful"
      },
      "expansion": "German -voll (“-ful”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "-full",
        "t": "-ful"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish -full (“-ful”)",
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    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "-fullur"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic -fullur",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "-fyllur",
        "t": "-ful"
      },
      "expansion": "-fyllur (“-ful”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English -ful, -full, from Old English -ful, -full (“full of; -ful”), from Proto-Germanic *-fullaz (“-ful”), from Proto-Germanic *fullaz (“full”); see full. Cognate with Scots -fu, Saterland Frisian -ful (“-ful”), West Frisian -fol (“-ful”), Dutch -vol (“-ful”), German -voll (“-ful”), Swedish -full (“-ful”), Icelandic -fullur, -fyllur (“-ful”).",
  "head_templates": [
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      "args": {
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        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
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      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
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    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "56 44",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
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          "_dis": "64 36",
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          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
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          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "sin + -ful → sinful",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form adjectives from nouns, with the sense of being full of, tending to, or thoroughly possessing the quality expressed by the noun."
      ],
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      "links": [
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          "adjective",
          "adjective#English"
        ],
        [
          "noun",
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        ],
        [
          "full",
          "full#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "tending",
          "tend#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "thoroughly",
          "thoroughly#English"
        ],
        [
          "possess",
          "possess#English"
        ],
        [
          "quality",
          "quality#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "expressed",
          "express#Verb"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "sense": "full of",
          "word": "-ose"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "full of, possessing",
          "word": "-plný"
        },
        {
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "full of, possessing",
          "word": "da"
        },
        {
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "full of, possessing",
          "word": "-plena"
        },
        {
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "full of, possessing",
          "word": "-oza"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "full of, possessing",
          "word": "-voll"
        },
        {
          "code": "io",
          "lang": "Ido",
          "sense": "full of, possessing",
          "word": "-oza"
        },
        {
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "full of, possessing",
          "word": "-lon"
        },
        {
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "full of, possessing",
          "word": "-llon"
        },
        {
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "full of, possessing",
          "word": "-lawn"
        },
        {
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "full of, possessing",
          "word": "-llawn"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/fʊl/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fəl/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[fl̩]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "51 49",
      "tags": [
        "uncommon"
      ],
      "word": "-full"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "51 49",
      "english": "Braille",
      "word": "⠰⠇"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ful"
}

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      },
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  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English -ful, from Old English -ful, -full, from Proto-Germanic *fullō, *fullijô (“filling”).",
  "head_templates": [
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  "lang_code": "en",
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        {
          "text": "bowl + -ful → bowlful",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "hand + -ful → handful",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
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        "Used to form nouns from nouns meaning “as much as can be held by what is denoted by the noun”"
      ],
      "id": "en--ful-en-suffix-A0-lLrXk",
      "related": [
        {
          "sense": "having a considerable amount of",
          "word": "-some"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "kw",
          "lang": "Cornish",
          "sense": "as much as can be held",
          "word": "-as"
        },
        {
          "code": "ia",
          "lang": "Interlingua",
          "sense": "as much as can be held",
          "word": "-ata"
        },
        {
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "as much as can be held",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-ata"
        },
        {
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "as much as can be held",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-ada"
        },
        {
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "as much as can be held",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-ada"
        },
        {
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "as much as can be held",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "-aid"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
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      "ipa": "/fʊl/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fəl/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[fl̩]"
    }
  ],
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      "_dis1": "51 49",
      "tags": [
        "uncommon"
      ],
      "word": "-full"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "51 49",
      "english": "Braille",
      "word": "⠰⠇"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ful"
}
{
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      "word": "-less"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
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    "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English suffixes",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
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        "4": "",
        "5": "",
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        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English -ful",
      "name": "inh"
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    {
      "args": {
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      "expansion": "Old English -ful",
      "name": "inh"
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      "args": {
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      "name": "m"
    },
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        "1": "en",
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      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
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      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "full"
      },
      "expansion": "full",
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    },
    {
      "args": {
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        "2": "-fu"
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      "expansion": "Scots -fu",
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    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "stq",
        "2": "-ful",
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      },
      "expansion": "Saterland Frisian -ful (“-ful”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "-fol",
        "t": "-ful"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian -fol (“-ful”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "-vol",
        "t": "-ful"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch -vol (“-ful”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "-voll",
        "t": "-ful"
      },
      "expansion": "German -voll (“-ful”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "-full",
        "t": "-ful"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish -full (“-ful”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "-fullur"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic -fullur",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "-fyllur",
        "t": "-ful"
      },
      "expansion": "-fyllur (“-ful”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English -ful, -full, from Old English -ful, -full (“full of; -ful”), from Proto-Germanic *-fullaz (“-ful”), from Proto-Germanic *fullaz (“full”); see full. Cognate with Scots -fu, Saterland Frisian -ful (“-ful”), West Frisian -fol (“-ful”), Dutch -vol (“-ful”), German -voll (“-ful”), Swedish -full (“-ful”), Icelandic -fullur, -fyllur (“-ful”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
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      },
      "expansion": "-ful",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
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  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "sin + -ful → sinful",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form adjectives from nouns, with the sense of being full of, tending to, or thoroughly possessing the quality expressed by the noun."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "adjective",
          "adjective#English"
        ],
        [
          "noun",
          "noun#English"
        ],
        [
          "full",
          "full#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "tending",
          "tend#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "thoroughly",
          "thoroughly#English"
        ],
        [
          "possess",
          "possess#English"
        ],
        [
          "quality",
          "quality#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "expressed",
          "express#Verb"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/fʊl/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fəl/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[fl̩]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "full of",
      "word": "-ose"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "uncommon"
      ],
      "word": "-full"
    },
    {
      "english": "Braille",
      "word": "⠰⠇"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "full of, possessing",
      "word": "-plný"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "full of, possessing",
      "word": "da"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "full of, possessing",
      "word": "-plena"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "full of, possessing",
      "word": "-oza"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "full of, possessing",
      "word": "-voll"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "full of, possessing",
      "word": "-oza"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "full of, possessing",
      "word": "-lon"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "full of, possessing",
      "word": "-llon"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "full of, possessing",
      "word": "-lawn"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "full of, possessing",
      "word": "-llawn"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ful"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English suffixes",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-ful",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English -ful",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-ful"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Middle English -ful",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "-ful"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English -ful",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "-full"
      },
      "expansion": "-full",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*fullō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fullō",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*fullijô",
        "t": "filling"
      },
      "expansion": "*fullijô (“filling”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English -ful, from Old English -ful, -full, from Proto-Germanic *fullō, *fullijô (“filling”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "head": "",
        "id": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-ful",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-ful",
      "name": "en-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "sense": "having a considerable amount of",
      "word": "-some"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "bowl + -ful → bowlful",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "hand + -ful → handful",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form nouns from nouns meaning “as much as can be held by what is denoted by the noun”"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/fʊl/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fəl/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[fl̩]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "uncommon"
      ],
      "word": "-full"
    },
    {
      "english": "Braille",
      "word": "⠰⠇"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "kw",
      "lang": "Cornish",
      "sense": "as much as can be held",
      "word": "-as"
    },
    {
      "code": "ia",
      "lang": "Interlingua",
      "sense": "as much as can be held",
      "word": "-ata"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "as much as can be held",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-ata"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "as much as can be held",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-ada"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "as much as can be held",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-ada"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "as much as can be held",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "-aid"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ful"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-01 using wiktextract (ee658f9 and be4df6b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.