"-ful" meaning in All languages combined

See -ful on Wiktionary

Suffix [English]

IPA: /fʊl/, /fəl/, [fl̩] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame--ful.wav
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English -ful, -full, from Old English -ful, -full (“full of; -ful”), from Proto-Germanic *-fullaz (“-ful”), from Proto-Germanic *fullaz (“full”); see full. Cognate with Scots -fu, Saterland Frisian -ful (“-ful”), West Frisian -fol (“-ful”), Dutch -vol (“-ful”), German -voll (“-ful”), Swedish -full (“-ful”), Danish -fuld (“-ful”), Icelandic -fullur, -fyllur (“-ful”). Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|en|enm|-ful|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Middle English -ful, {{inh+|en|enm|-ful}} Inherited from Middle English -ful, {{inh|en|ang|-ful}} Old English -ful, {{inh|en|gem-pro|*-fullaz||-ful}} Proto-Germanic *-fullaz (“-ful”), {{der|en|gem-pro|*fullaz|t=full}} Proto-Germanic *fullaz (“full”), {{cog|sco|-fu}} Scots -fu, {{cog|stq|-ful|t=-ful}} Saterland Frisian -ful (“-ful”), {{cog|fy|-fol|t=-ful}} West Frisian -fol (“-ful”), {{cog|nl|-vol|t=-ful}} Dutch -vol (“-ful”), {{cog|de|-voll|t=-ful}} German -voll (“-ful”), {{cog|sv|-full|t=-ful}} Swedish -full (“-ful”), {{cog|da|-fuld|t=-ful}} Danish -fuld (“-ful”), {{cog|is|-fullur}} Icelandic -fullur Head templates: {{head|en|suffix|cat2=|cat3=|head=|id=}} -ful, {{en-suffix}} -ful
  1. Used to form adjectives from nouns, with the sense of being full of, tending to, or thoroughly possessing the quality expressed by the noun. Tags: morpheme Synonyms: -full [uncommon], ⠰⠇ (english: Braille) Synonyms (full of): -ose Translations (full of, possessing): -plný (Czech), -fuld (Danish), da (Esperanto), -plena (Esperanto), -oza (Esperanto), -voll (German), -oza (Ido), -dar (Northern Kurdish), bi- (Northern Kurdish), -lon (Welsh), -llon (Welsh), -lawn (Welsh), -llawn (Welsh)
    Sense id: en--ful-en-suffix-nmSWwb0a Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 4 entries, Pages with entries, Terms with Cornish translations, Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Danish translations, Terms with Esperanto translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Ido translations, Terms with Interlingua translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Northern Kurdish translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Welsh translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 73 27 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 69 31 Disambiguation of Pages with 4 entries: 44 17 19 20 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 44 16 19 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Cornish translations: 68 32 Disambiguation of Terms with Danish translations: 75 25 Disambiguation of Terms with Interlingua translations: 74 26 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 73 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 68 32 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 73 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Welsh translations: 69 31
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Suffix [English]

IPA: /fʊl/, /fəl/, [fl̩] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame--ful.wav
Etymology: Inherited from Middle English -ful, from Old English -ful, -full, from Proto-Germanic *fullō, *fullijô (“filling”). Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|en|enm|-ful|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Middle English -ful, {{inh+|en|enm|-ful}} Inherited from Middle English -ful, {{inh|en|ang|-ful}} Old English -ful, {{der|en|gem-pro|*fullō}} Proto-Germanic *fullō Head templates: {{head|en|suffix|cat2=|cat3=|head=|id=}} -ful, {{en-suffix}} -ful
  1. Used to form nouns from nouns meaning “as much as can be held by what is denoted by the noun” Tags: morpheme Related terms (having a considerable amount of): -some Translations (as much as can be held): -as (Cornish), -fuld (Danish), -ata (Interlingua), -ata [feminine] (Italian), -ada [feminine] (Portuguese), -ada [feminine] (Spanish), -aid [feminine, masculine] (Welsh)
    Sense id: en--ful-en-suffix-A0-lLrXk
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Suffix [Middle English]

IPA: /ful/, /vul/ [Kent, Southern]
Etymology: Inherited from Old English -ful, -full (“full of; -ful”), from Proto-West Germanic *-full, Proto-Germanic *-fullaz (“-ful”), from Proto-Germanic *fullaz (“full”). The use of the ending to denote nouns originates in the reanalysis of ful modifying a noun as being part of the noun itself, e.g. "cuppe ful" as "cuppe-ful". Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|enm|ang|-ful|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old English -ful, {{inh+|enm|ang|-ful}} Inherited from Old English -ful, {{inh|enm|gmw-pro|*-full}} Proto-West Germanic *-full, {{inh|enm|gem-pro|*-fullaz||-ful}} Proto-Germanic *-fullaz (“-ful”), {{der|enm|gem-pro|*fullaz|t=full}} Proto-Germanic *fullaz (“full”) Head templates: {{head|enm|suffix}} -ful
  1. Appended to nouns (or, rarely, adjectives and adverbs) to form adjectives denoting the experience or induction of an attitude, internal state or quality. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--ful-enm-suffix-enm:_ful Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 57 43
  2. Appended to nouns referring to containers or vessels, denoting the quantity that the given vessel is capable of holding. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--ful-enm-suffix-xo4UM59Y
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated

Suffix [Old English]

IPA: /ful/
Etymology: From Proto-Germanic *-fullaz (“-ful”), from Proto-Germanic *fullaz (“full”). Etymology templates: {{inh|ang|gem-pro|*-fullaz||-ful}} Proto-Germanic *-fullaz (“-ful”), {{der|ang|gem-pro|*fullaz|t=full}} Proto-Germanic *fullaz (“full”) Head templates: {{head|ang|suffix|cat2=|head=|head2=|sort=}} -ful, {{ang-suffix}} -ful Inflection templates: {{ang-adecl|-ful|stem=-full}} Forms: strong [table-tags], -ful [masculine, nominative, singular], -ful [feminine, nominative, singular], -ful [neuter, nominative, singular], -fulne [accusative, masculine, singular], -fulle [accusative, feminine, singular], -ful [accusative, neuter, singular], -fulles [genitive, masculine, singular], -fulre [feminine, genitive, singular], -fulles [genitive, neuter, singular], -fullum [dative, masculine, singular], -fulre [dative, feminine, singular], -fullum [dative, neuter, singular], -fulle [instrumental, masculine, singular], -fulre [feminine, instrumental, singular], -fulle [instrumental, neuter, singular], -fulle [masculine, nominative, plural], -fulla [feminine, nominative, plural], -fulle [feminine, nominative, plural], -ful [neuter, nominative, plural], -fulle [accusative, masculine, plural], -fulla [accusative, feminine, plural], -fulle [accusative, feminine, plural], -ful [accusative, neuter, plural], -fulra [genitive, masculine, plural], -fulra [feminine, genitive, plural], -fulra [genitive, neuter, plural], -fullum [dative, masculine, plural], -fullum [dative, feminine, plural], -fullum [dative, neuter, plural], -fullum [instrumental, masculine, plural], -fullum [feminine, instrumental, plural], -fullum [instrumental, neuter, plural], weak [table-tags], -fulla [masculine, nominative, singular], -fulle [feminine, nominative, singular], -fulle [neuter, nominative, singular], -fullan [accusative, masculine, singular], -fullan [accusative, feminine, singular], -fulle [accusative, neuter, singular], -fullan [genitive, masculine, singular], -fullan [feminine, genitive, singular], -fullan [genitive, neuter, singular], -fullan [dative, masculine, singular], -fullan [dative, feminine, singular], -fullan [dative, neuter, singular], -fullan [instrumental, masculine, singular], -fullan [feminine, instrumental, singular], -fullan [instrumental, neuter, singular], -fullan [masculine, nominative, plural], -fullan [feminine, nominative, plural], -fullan [neuter, nominative, plural], -fullan [accusative, masculine, plural], -fullan [accusative, feminine, plural], -fullan [accusative, neuter, plural], -fulra [genitive, masculine, plural], -fullena [genitive, masculine, plural], -fulra [feminine, genitive, plural], -fullena [feminine, genitive, plural], -fulra [genitive, neuter, plural], -fullena [genitive, neuter, plural], -fullum [dative, masculine, plural], -fullum [dative, feminine, plural], -fullum [dative, neuter, plural], -fullum [instrumental, masculine, plural], -fullum [feminine, instrumental, plural], -fullum [instrumental, neuter, plural]
  1. full of; -ful Tags: morpheme Synonyms: -full
    Sense id: en--ful-ang-suffix-F1pTmDNW Categories (other): Old English entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 4 entries, Pages with entries

Suffix [Saterland Frisian]

Head templates: {{head|stq|suffix}} -ful
  1. Used to form adjectives from nouns; -ful Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--ful-stq-suffix-CxPXd6Mq Categories (other): Pages with 4 entries, Pages with entries, Saterland Frisian entries with incorrect language header

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "word": "-less"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-ful",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English -ful",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-ful"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Middle English -ful",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "-ful"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English -ful",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*-fullaz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "-ful"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-fullaz (“-ful”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*fullaz",
        "t": "full"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fullaz (“full”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "-fu"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots -fu",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "stq",
        "2": "-ful",
        "t": "-ful"
      },
      "expansion": "Saterland Frisian -ful (“-ful”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "-fol",
        "t": "-ful"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian -fol (“-ful”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "-vol",
        "t": "-ful"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch -vol (“-ful”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "-voll",
        "t": "-ful"
      },
      "expansion": "German -voll (“-ful”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "-full",
        "t": "-ful"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish -full (“-ful”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "-fuld",
        "t": "-ful"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish -fuld (“-ful”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "-fullur"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic -fullur",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English -ful, -full, from Old English -ful, -full (“full of; -ful”), from Proto-Germanic *-fullaz (“-ful”), from Proto-Germanic *fullaz (“full”); see full. Cognate with Scots -fu, Saterland Frisian -ful (“-ful”), West Frisian -fol (“-ful”), Dutch -vol (“-ful”), German -voll (“-ful”), Swedish -full (“-ful”), Danish -fuld (“-ful”), Icelandic -fullur, -fyllur (“-ful”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "head": "",
        "id": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-ful",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-ful",
      "name": "en-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "73 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "69 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with translation boxes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "44 17 19 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "44 16 19 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "68 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Cornish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Czech translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "75 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Danish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with German translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Ido translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "74 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Interlingua translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "73 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Italian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "68 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "73 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "69 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "sin + -ful → sinful",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form adjectives from nouns, with the sense of being full of, tending to, or thoroughly possessing the quality expressed by the noun."
      ],
      "id": "en--ful-en-suffix-nmSWwb0a",
      "links": [
        [
          "adjective",
          "adjective#English"
        ],
        [
          "noun",
          "noun#English"
        ],
        [
          "full",
          "full#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "tending",
          "tend#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "thoroughly",
          "thoroughly#English"
        ],
        [
          "possess",
          "possess#English"
        ],
        [
          "quality",
          "quality#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "expressed",
          "express#Verb"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "sense": "full of",
          "word": "-ose"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 24",
          "tags": [
            "uncommon"
          ],
          "word": "-full"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 24",
          "english": "Braille",
          "word": "⠰⠇"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "full of, possessing",
          "word": "-plný"
        },
        {
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "full of, possessing",
          "word": "-fuld"
        },
        {
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "full of, possessing",
          "word": "da"
        },
        {
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "full of, possessing",
          "word": "-plena"
        },
        {
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "full of, possessing",
          "word": "-oza"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "full of, possessing",
          "word": "-voll"
        },
        {
          "code": "io",
          "lang": "Ido",
          "sense": "full of, possessing",
          "word": "-oza"
        },
        {
          "code": "kmr",
          "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
          "sense": "full of, possessing",
          "word": "-dar"
        },
        {
          "code": "kmr",
          "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
          "sense": "full of, possessing",
          "word": "bi-"
        },
        {
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "full of, possessing",
          "word": "-lon"
        },
        {
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "full of, possessing",
          "word": "-llon"
        },
        {
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "full of, possessing",
          "word": "-lawn"
        },
        {
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "full of, possessing",
          "word": "-llawn"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/fʊl/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fəl/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[fl̩]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame--ful.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-%26%2345%3Bful.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-%26%2345%3Bful.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-%26%2345%3Bful.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-%26%2345%3Bful.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ful"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-ful",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English -ful",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-ful"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Middle English -ful",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "-ful"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English -ful",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*fullō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fullō",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English -ful, from Old English -ful, -full, from Proto-Germanic *fullō, *fullijô (“filling”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "head": "",
        "id": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-ful",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-ful",
      "name": "en-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "bowl + -ful → bowlful",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "hand + -ful → handful",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form nouns from nouns meaning “as much as can be held by what is denoted by the noun”"
      ],
      "id": "en--ful-en-suffix-A0-lLrXk",
      "related": [
        {
          "sense": "having a considerable amount of",
          "word": "-some"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "kw",
          "lang": "Cornish",
          "sense": "as much as can be held",
          "word": "-as"
        },
        {
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "as much as can be held",
          "word": "-fuld"
        },
        {
          "code": "ia",
          "lang": "Interlingua",
          "sense": "as much as can be held",
          "word": "-ata"
        },
        {
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "as much as can be held",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-ata"
        },
        {
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "as much as can be held",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-ada"
        },
        {
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "as much as can be held",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-ada"
        },
        {
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "as much as can be held",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "-aid"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/fʊl/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fəl/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[fl̩]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame--ful.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-%26%2345%3Bful.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-%26%2345%3Bful.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-%26%2345%3Bful.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-%26%2345%3Bful.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ful"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "-ful"
          },
          "expansion": "English: -ful",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: -ful"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "-fu"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: -fu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: -fu"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "-ful",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old English -ful",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "-ful"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old English -ful",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*-full"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-full",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*-fullaz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "-ful"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-fullaz (“-ful”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*fullaz",
        "t": "full"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fullaz (“full”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English -ful, -full (“full of; -ful”), from Proto-West Germanic *-full, Proto-Germanic *-fullaz (“-ful”), from Proto-Germanic *fullaz (“full”). The use of the ending to denote nouns originates in the reanalysis of ful modifying a noun as being part of the noun itself, e.g. \"cuppe ful\" as \"cuppe-ful\".",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-ful",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "57 43",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Appended to nouns (or, rarely, adjectives and adverbs) to form adjectives denoting the experience or induction of an attitude, internal state or quality."
      ],
      "id": "en--ful-enm-suffix-enm:_ful",
      "links": [
        [
          "noun",
          "noun#English"
        ],
        [
          "adjective",
          "adjective#English"
        ],
        [
          "adverb",
          "adverb#English"
        ],
        [
          "experience",
          "experience#English"
        ],
        [
          "induction",
          "induction#English"
        ],
        [
          "attitude",
          "attitude#English"
        ],
        [
          "internal",
          "internal#English"
        ],
        [
          "state",
          "state#English"
        ],
        [
          "quality",
          "quality#English"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "enm:-ful"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Appended to nouns referring to containers or vessels, denoting the quantity that the given vessel is capable of holding."
      ],
      "id": "en--ful-enm-suffix-xo4UM59Y",
      "links": [
        [
          "container",
          "container#English"
        ],
        [
          "vessels",
          "vessels#English"
        ],
        [
          "quantity",
          "quantity#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ful/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/vul/",
      "tags": [
        "Kent",
        "Southern"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "-fol"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "-fole"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "-foll"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "-folle"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "-fule"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "-full"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "-fulle"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "-vol"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "-vole"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "-voll"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "-volle"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ful"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "-full",
            "3": "-ful"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: -full, -ful",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: -full, -ful"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "-fu"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: -fu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: -fu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "-ful"
          },
          "expansion": "English: -ful",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: -ful"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*-fullaz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "-ful"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-fullaz (“-ful”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*fullaz",
        "t": "full"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fullaz (“full”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *-fullaz (“-ful”), from Proto-Germanic *fullaz (“full”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-adecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ful",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ful",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ful",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fulne",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fulle",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ful",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fulles",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fulre",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fulles",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fulre",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fulle",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fulre",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fulle",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fulle",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fulla",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fulle",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ful",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fulle",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fulla",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fulle",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ful",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fulra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fulra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fulra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-adecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fulla",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fulle",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fulle",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fulle",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fulra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullena",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fulra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullena",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fulra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullena",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "head": "",
        "head2": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-ful",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-ful",
      "name": "ang-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-ful",
        "stem": "-full"
      },
      "name": "ang-adecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "full of; -ful"
      ],
      "id": "en--ful-ang-suffix-F1pTmDNW",
      "links": [
        [
          "-ful",
          "-ful#English"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "-full"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ful/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ful"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "stq",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-ful",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Saterland Frisian",
  "lang_code": "stq",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Saterland Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form adjectives from nouns; -ful"
      ],
      "id": "en--ful-stq-suffix-CxPXd6Mq",
      "links": [
        [
          "-ful",
          "-ful#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ful"
}
{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "word": "-less"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English suffixes",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Terms with Cornish translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Danish translations",
    "Terms with Esperanto translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Ido translations",
    "Terms with Interlingua translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Welsh translations"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-ful",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English -ful",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-ful"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Middle English -ful",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "-ful"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English -ful",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*-fullaz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "-ful"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-fullaz (“-ful”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*fullaz",
        "t": "full"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fullaz (“full”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "-fu"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots -fu",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "stq",
        "2": "-ful",
        "t": "-ful"
      },
      "expansion": "Saterland Frisian -ful (“-ful”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "-fol",
        "t": "-ful"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian -fol (“-ful”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "-vol",
        "t": "-ful"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch -vol (“-ful”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "-voll",
        "t": "-ful"
      },
      "expansion": "German -voll (“-ful”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "-full",
        "t": "-ful"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish -full (“-ful”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "-fuld",
        "t": "-ful"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish -fuld (“-ful”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "-fullur"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic -fullur",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English -ful, -full, from Old English -ful, -full (“full of; -ful”), from Proto-Germanic *-fullaz (“-ful”), from Proto-Germanic *fullaz (“full”); see full. Cognate with Scots -fu, Saterland Frisian -ful (“-ful”), West Frisian -fol (“-ful”), Dutch -vol (“-ful”), German -voll (“-ful”), Swedish -full (“-ful”), Danish -fuld (“-ful”), Icelandic -fullur, -fyllur (“-ful”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "head": "",
        "id": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-ful",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-ful",
      "name": "en-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "sin + -ful → sinful",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form adjectives from nouns, with the sense of being full of, tending to, or thoroughly possessing the quality expressed by the noun."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "adjective",
          "adjective#English"
        ],
        [
          "noun",
          "noun#English"
        ],
        [
          "full",
          "full#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "tending",
          "tend#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "thoroughly",
          "thoroughly#English"
        ],
        [
          "possess",
          "possess#English"
        ],
        [
          "quality",
          "quality#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "expressed",
          "express#Verb"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/fʊl/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fəl/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[fl̩]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame--ful.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-%26%2345%3Bful.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-%26%2345%3Bful.wav.mp3",
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    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "full of",
      "word": "-ose"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "uncommon"
      ],
      "word": "-full"
    },
    {
      "english": "Braille",
      "word": "⠰⠇"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "full of, possessing",
      "word": "-plný"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "full of, possessing",
      "word": "-fuld"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "full of, possessing",
      "word": "da"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "full of, possessing",
      "word": "-plena"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "full of, possessing",
      "word": "-oza"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "full of, possessing",
      "word": "-voll"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "full of, possessing",
      "word": "-oza"
    },
    {
      "code": "kmr",
      "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
      "sense": "full of, possessing",
      "word": "-dar"
    },
    {
      "code": "kmr",
      "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
      "sense": "full of, possessing",
      "word": "bi-"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "full of, possessing",
      "word": "-lon"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "full of, possessing",
      "word": "-llon"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "full of, possessing",
      "word": "-lawn"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "full of, possessing",
      "word": "-llawn"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ful"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English suffixes",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Terms with Cornish translations",
    "Terms with Danish translations",
    "Terms with Interlingua translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Welsh translations"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-ful",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English -ful",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-ful"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Middle English -ful",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "-ful"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English -ful",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*fullō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fullō",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English -ful, from Old English -ful, -full, from Proto-Germanic *fullō, *fullijô (“filling”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "head": "",
        "id": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-ful",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-ful",
      "name": "en-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "sense": "having a considerable amount of",
      "word": "-some"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "bowl + -ful → bowlful",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "hand + -ful → handful",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form nouns from nouns meaning “as much as can be held by what is denoted by the noun”"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/fʊl/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fəl/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[fl̩]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame--ful.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-%26%2345%3Bful.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-%26%2345%3Bful.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-%26%2345%3Bful.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-%26%2345%3Bful.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "uncommon"
      ],
      "word": "-full"
    },
    {
      "english": "Braille",
      "word": "⠰⠇"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "kw",
      "lang": "Cornish",
      "sense": "as much as can be held",
      "word": "-as"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "as much as can be held",
      "word": "-fuld"
    },
    {
      "code": "ia",
      "lang": "Interlingua",
      "sense": "as much as can be held",
      "word": "-ata"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "as much as can be held",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-ata"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "as much as can be held",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-ada"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "as much as can be held",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-ada"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "as much as can be held",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "-aid"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ful"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English suffixes",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "-ful"
          },
          "expansion": "English: -ful",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: -ful"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "-fu"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: -fu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: -fu"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "-ful",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old English -ful",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "-ful"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old English -ful",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*-full"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-full",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*-fullaz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "-ful"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-fullaz (“-ful”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*fullaz",
        "t": "full"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fullaz (“full”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English -ful, -full (“full of; -ful”), from Proto-West Germanic *-full, Proto-Germanic *-fullaz (“-ful”), from Proto-Germanic *fullaz (“full”). The use of the ending to denote nouns originates in the reanalysis of ful modifying a noun as being part of the noun itself, e.g. \"cuppe ful\" as \"cuppe-ful\".",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-ful",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Appended to nouns (or, rarely, adjectives and adverbs) to form adjectives denoting the experience or induction of an attitude, internal state or quality."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "noun",
          "noun#English"
        ],
        [
          "adjective",
          "adjective#English"
        ],
        [
          "adverb",
          "adverb#English"
        ],
        [
          "experience",
          "experience#English"
        ],
        [
          "induction",
          "induction#English"
        ],
        [
          "attitude",
          "attitude#English"
        ],
        [
          "internal",
          "internal#English"
        ],
        [
          "state",
          "state#English"
        ],
        [
          "quality",
          "quality#English"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "enm:-ful"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Appended to nouns referring to containers or vessels, denoting the quantity that the given vessel is capable of holding."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "container",
          "container#English"
        ],
        [
          "vessels",
          "vessels#English"
        ],
        [
          "quantity",
          "quantity#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ful/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/vul/",
      "tags": [
        "Kent",
        "Southern"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "-fol"
    },
    {
      "word": "-fole"
    },
    {
      "word": "-foll"
    },
    {
      "word": "-folle"
    },
    {
      "word": "-fule"
    },
    {
      "word": "-full"
    },
    {
      "word": "-fulle"
    },
    {
      "word": "-vol"
    },
    {
      "word": "-vole"
    },
    {
      "word": "-voll"
    },
    {
      "word": "-volle"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ful"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "-full",
            "3": "-ful"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: -full, -ful",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: -full, -ful"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "-fu"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: -fu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: -fu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "-ful"
          },
          "expansion": "English: -ful",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: -ful"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*-fullaz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "-ful"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-fullaz (“-ful”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*fullaz",
        "t": "full"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fullaz (“full”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *-fullaz (“-ful”), from Proto-Germanic *fullaz (“full”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-adecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ful",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ful",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ful",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fulne",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fulle",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ful",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fulles",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fulre",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fulles",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fulre",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fulle",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fulre",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fulle",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fulle",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fulla",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fulle",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ful",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fulle",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fulla",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fulle",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ful",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fulra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fulra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fulra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-adecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fulla",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fulle",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fulle",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fulle",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fulra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullena",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fulra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullena",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fulra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullena",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-fullum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "head": "",
        "head2": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-ful",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-ful",
      "name": "ang-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-ful",
        "stem": "-full"
      },
      "name": "ang-adecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
        "Old English lemmas",
        "Old English suffixes",
        "Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
        "Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Pages with 4 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "full of; -ful"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-ful",
          "-ful#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ful/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "-full"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ful"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "stq",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-ful",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Saterland Frisian",
  "lang_code": "stq",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English adjective-forming suffixes",
        "English productive suffixes",
        "Pages with 4 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Saterland Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Saterland Frisian lemmas",
        "Saterland Frisian suffixes"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form adjectives from nouns; -ful"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-ful",
          "-ful#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ful"
}

Download raw JSONL data for -ful meaning in All languages combined (20.2kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.