English word senses marked with topical category "Symbols": list

-ium (Suffix) Used to form the temporary systematic element name of a metallic or nonmetallic element which is postulated to exist, or which has been newly synthesized and has not yet been assigned a permanent name.

-on (Suffix) Forming nouns denoting subatomic particles (proton), quanta (photon), molecular units (codon), or substances (interferon).

-on (Suffix) Forming names of things considered as basic or fundamental units, such as codon or recon.

-on (Suffix) Forming names of noble gases and certain nonmetal elements (such as boron or silicon).

101 (Adjective) Basic, beginner-level, starting from scratch (commonly used as a label appended sarcastically, humorously, etc., to topics that would never form the title of an actual college course).

~ (Character) Written on a letter, usually a vowel, in place of an omitted n or m.

‐ (Punctuation) Connects words in a compound modifier according to various stylistic rules.

‐ (Punctuation) Used as sentence-final punctuation.

‐ (Conjunction) Joins the components of compounds.; Joins the components of coordinative compounds, with equal components.

‘ ’ (Punctuation) Encloses a quotation, title, ironic comment (scare quotes), nickname, gloss, or the mention of a word (e.g. ‘cheese’ derives from Old English ċīese.).

“ ” (Punctuation) Encloses a quotation, title, ironic comment (scare quotes), nickname, gloss, or the mention of a word

◌̀ (Character) Used to indicate that the suffix -ed is pronounced with a schwa: lookèd (IPA /ˈlʊkəd/); past-tense learned vs adjective learnèd. Often used for metrical reasons.

◌̀ (Character) Sometimes used for secondary stress in glossaries that use ◌́ for primary stress when full pronunciations are not given.

◌̀ (Character) Retained in foreign (mostly French) loan words, particularly when unassimilated: à la carte, crème brûlée, pièce de résistance, pied-à-terre, tête-à-tête, vis-à-vis.

◌̀ (Character) An affectation in some proper names: e.g. Ketèlbey.

◌́ (Character) Used on loan words to mark e's (mostly final) that are pronounced rather than silent, e.g. animé, café, exposé, maté, resumé, paté, saké; Malé, Pokémon. (Cf. expose, mate, resume, pate, sake, male.)

◌́ (Character) Used in glossaries, such as for Latinate technical terms or Classical names, to mark stressed syllables when full pronunciations are not given, as the pronunciation is largely predictable once stress-placement is known.

◌́ (Character) Used to show an unexpectedly stressed syllable, or where the choice of stress is metrically important, e.g. idiosyncratic caléndar; noun rébel as opposed to verb rebél; áll trádes as a spondee rather than iamb.

◌́ (Character) Retained in foreign loan words (mostly French é), particularly when unassimilated

◌̂ (Character) Retained in foreign loan words (mostly French): château, crème brûlée, crêpe, maître d', mêlée, papier-mâché, rôle, tête-à-tête.

◌̄ (Character) Placed over a vowel letter to indicate that the syllable is long. Also used alone to mark stress in a metrical foot or verse: see ⟨ˉ⟩.

◌̆ (Character) The breve, used to mark a vowel letter as having its 'short' sound: ⟨ă⟩ /æ/, ⟨ĕ⟩ /ɛ/, ⟨ĭ⟩ /ɪ/, ⟨ŏ⟩ /ɒ/, ⟨ŭ⟩ /ʌ/.

◌̈ (Character) Retained in foreign (mostly French) loan words where vowels are pronounced separately: naïve (or naive), Noël (or Noel), but also for umlaut in German Götterdämmerung, Führer.

◌̧ (Character) Retained in foreign loan words (mostly French ç): façade (or facade).

◌͝◌ (Character) Used to mark the digraph ⟨oo⟩ as having its 'short' sound: ⟨o͝o⟩ /ʊ/.

◌͞◌ (Character) Used to mark the digraph ⟨oo⟩ as having its 'long' sound: ⟨o͞o⟩ /uː/.

◌͞◌ (Character) Ties together the pronunciation-key digraphs a͞a, a͞e, a͞o, e͞w, c͞i, s͞i, t͞h, t͞i.

◌͟◌ (Character) Ties together the pronunciation-key digraphs a͟i and c͟h.

◌͡◌ (Character) Used to mark digraphs such as the consonants ⟨c͜h, n͡g, s͜h, t͜h, z͜h⟩ for IPA /t͡ʃ, ŋ, ʃ, θ, ʒ/, ⟨ᴋ͜ʜ⟩ for Scottish /x/, or the rhotic vowels ⟨a͡r, e͡r⟩ for IPA /ɑɹ, ɜɹ/.

◌᷍◌ (Character) Ties together the pronunciation-key digraphs a᷍a, a᷍i, a᷍u, e᷍e, e᷍i, e᷍u, o᷍i.

◌᷵ (Character) Marks a vowel as a schwa.

◌᷵ (Character) A partially or optionally reduced vowel, e.g. fa᷵‧tal′i‧ty, de᷵‧pend′, pro᷵‧pose′, for′mu᷵‧late.

⸼ (Punctuation) A full stop (period).

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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (9a96ef4 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.