See 犧牲 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Death",
"orig": "zh:Death",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Livestock",
"orig": "zh:Livestock",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"etymology_text": "\"sacrifice (animal)\" (pre-Qin) -> \"to immolate\" (c. 1840) -> \"to sacrifice\" (c. 1900).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "牺牲",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "犧牲",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 13 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Elementary Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
36,
46
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "I dare not exaggerate the amount of sacrifices, jade, and silk offered to the gods; I always tell the gods the truth.",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese poetry"
],
"ref": " Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE",
"roman": "Xīshēng yùbó, fú gǎn jiā yě, bì yǐ xìn.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin",
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"text": "犧牲玉帛，弗敢加也，必以信。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
36,
46
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "I dare not exaggerate the amount of sacrifices, jade, and silk offered to the gods; I always tell the gods the truth.",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese poetry"
],
"ref": " Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE",
"roman": "Xīshēng yùbó, fú gǎn jiā yě, bì yǐ xìn.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin",
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"text": "牺牲玉帛，弗敢加也，必以信。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sacrifice (animal presented to a deity, deceased ancestor, etc.)"
],
"id": "en-犧牲-zh-noun-RMbNvo5j",
"links": [
[
"sacrifice",
"sacrifice"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "xīshēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄒㄧ ㄕㄥ"
},
{
"audio": "Zh-xisheng.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/Zh-xisheng.ogg/Zh-xisheng.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Zh-xisheng.ogg",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "hei¹ sang¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "hî-sên"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "hi^ˋ sen^ˋ"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "hi¹ seng¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "hi-sng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "hi-seng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "hi¹ sêng¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "xīshēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄒㄧ ㄕㄥ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "sisheng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "hsi¹-shêng¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "syī-shēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "shisheng"
},
{
"roman": "sišɛn",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "сишэн"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɕi⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"homophone": "吸聲",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "吸声",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "犧牲",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "牺牲",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "hei¹ sang¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "hēi sāng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "hei¹ sang¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "héi¹ seng¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/hei̯⁵⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "hî-sên"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "hi^ˊ sen^ˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hagfa-Pinyim"
],
"zh_pron": "hi¹ sen¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/hi²⁴⁻¹¹ sen²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Zhudong",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "hi^ˋ sen^ˋ"
},
{
"ipa": "/hi⁵³ sen⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Zhudong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Putian",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "hi¹ seng¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Putian",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"phonetic"
],
"zh_pron": "hi⁵ seng¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Putian",
"Hinghwa-Romanized"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "hi-seng"
},
{
"ipa": "/hi⁵³³⁻¹¹ ɬɛŋ⁵³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Putian"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "hi¹ seng¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"phonetic"
],
"zh_pron": "hi⁵ seng¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/hi⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ɬɛŋ⁵⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Singapore",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "hi-sng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Singapore",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "hi-sng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Singapore",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "hisngf"
},
{
"ipa": "/hi⁴⁴⁻²² sŋ̍⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Singapore",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hi³³ sŋ̍³³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Singapore",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou",
"Singapore",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "hi-seng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou",
"Singapore",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "hi-sing"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou",
"Singapore",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "hisefng"
},
{
"ipa": "/hi⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou",
"Singapore",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hi⁴⁴⁻²² seŋ⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou",
"Singapore",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hi⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou",
"Singapore",
"IPA",
"Taipei",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "hi¹ sêng¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "hi seng"
},
{
"ipa": "/hi³³⁻²³ seŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh_pron": "xje sraeng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh_pron": "/*hŋral sreŋ/"
}
],
"word": "犧牲"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Death",
"orig": "zh:Death",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Livestock",
"orig": "zh:Livestock",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gōngzī xīshēng",
"word": "工資犧牲"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gōngzī xīshēng",
"word": "工资牺牲"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xīshēngpǐn",
"word": "犧牲品"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xīshēngpǐn",
"word": "牺牲品"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "犧牲"
},
"expansion": "犧牲",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "犠%牲",
"2": "ぎ%せい",
"gloss": "",
"pos": ""
},
"expansion": "犠(ぎ)牲(せい) (gisei)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "희생(犧牲)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"id": "犧牲",
"id2": "",
"id3": "",
"id4": "",
"pos": "",
"pos2": "",
"pos3": "",
"pos4": "",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 희생(犧牲) (huisaeng)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "hi sinh",
"bor": "1",
"id": "犧牲",
"pos": "",
"t": "",
"tr": "犧牲"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: hi sinh (犧牲)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "犧牲",
"2": "ぎ%せい",
"3": "희생",
"4": "hi sinh",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "犧牲",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "犧牲",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "犠%牲",
"v": "犧牲",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (犧牲):\n* → Japanese: 犠(ぎ)牲(せい) (gisei)\n* → Korean: 희생(犧牲) (huisaeng)\n* → Vietnamese: hi sinh (犧牲)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "ぎ%せい",
"3": "희생",
"4": "hi sinh",
"s": "犠%牲"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (犧牲):\n* → Japanese: 犠(ぎ)牲(せい) (gisei)\n* → Korean: 희생(犧牲) (huisaeng)\n* → Vietnamese: hi sinh (犧牲)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (犧牲):\n* → Japanese: 犠(ぎ)牲(せい) (gisei)\n* → Korean: 희생(犧牲) (huisaeng)\n* → Vietnamese: hi sinh (犧牲)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "\"sacrifice (animal)\" (pre-Qin) -> \"to immolate\" (c. 1840) -> \"to sacrifice\" (c. 1900).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "牺牲",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "犧牲",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 13 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Elementary Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
3,
6
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
10,
17
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"english": "to die a hero's death",
"roman": "zhuàngliè xīshēng",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"text": "壯烈犧牲",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
3,
6
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
10,
17
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"english": "to die a hero's death",
"roman": "zhuàngliè xīshēng",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"text": "壮烈牺牲",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to give one's life for a certain cause; to sacrifice oneself"
],
"id": "en-犧牲-zh-verb-F8sp9R~h",
"links": [
[
"give",
"give"
],
[
"life",
"life"
],
[
"certain",
"certain"
],
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"sacrifice",
"sacrifice"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 19 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 13 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Elementary Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 28 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 28 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
38,
45
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
15
]
],
"english": "\"Some people\" are basically incurable, death penalty abolition merely sacrifices justice",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC"
],
"roman": "“yǒuxiē rén” gēnběn méi jiù, fèisǐ tú xīshēng le zhèngyì",
"tags": [
"Pinyin",
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"text": "「有些人」根本沒救，廢死徒犧牲了正義",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
38,
45
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
15
]
],
"english": "\"Some people\" are basically incurable, death penalty abolition merely sacrifices justice",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC"
],
"roman": "“yǒuxiē rén” gēnběn méi jiù, fèisǐ tú xīshēng le zhèngyì",
"tags": [
"Pinyin",
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"text": "「有些人」根本没救，废死徒牺牲了正义",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to sacrifice (give away something valuable); to give up; to abandon; to discard"
],
"id": "en-犧牲-zh-verb-zR5daFNe",
"links": [
[
"give up",
"give up"
],
[
"abandon",
"abandon"
],
[
"discard",
"discard"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) to sacrifice (give away something valuable); to give up; to abandon; to discard"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "xīshēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄒㄧ ㄕㄥ"
},
{
"audio": "Zh-xisheng.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/Zh-xisheng.ogg/Zh-xisheng.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Zh-xisheng.ogg",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "hei¹ sang¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "hî-sên"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "hi^ˋ sen^ˋ"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "hi¹ seng¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "hi-sng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "hi-seng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "hi¹ sêng¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "xīshēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄒㄧ ㄕㄥ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "sisheng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "hsi¹-shêng¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "syī-shēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "shisheng"
},
{
"roman": "sišɛn",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "сишэн"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɕi⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"homophone": "吸聲",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "吸声",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "犧牲",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "牺牲",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "hei¹ sang¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "hēi sāng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "hei¹ sang¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "héi¹ seng¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/hei̯⁵⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "hî-sên"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "hi^ˊ sen^ˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hagfa-Pinyim"
],
"zh_pron": "hi¹ sen¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/hi²⁴⁻¹¹ sen²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Zhudong",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "hi^ˋ sen^ˋ"
},
{
"ipa": "/hi⁵³ sen⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Zhudong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Putian",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "hi¹ seng¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Putian",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"phonetic"
],
"zh_pron": "hi⁵ seng¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Putian",
"Hinghwa-Romanized"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "hi-seng"
},
{
"ipa": "/hi⁵³³⁻¹¹ ɬɛŋ⁵³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Putian"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "hi¹ seng¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"phonetic"
],
"zh_pron": "hi⁵ seng¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/hi⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ɬɛŋ⁵⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Singapore",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "hi-sng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Singapore",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "hi-sng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Singapore",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "hisngf"
},
{
"ipa": "/hi⁴⁴⁻²² sŋ̍⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Singapore",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hi³³ sŋ̍³³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Singapore",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou",
"Singapore",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "hi-seng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou",
"Singapore",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "hi-sing"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou",
"Singapore",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "hisefng"
},
{
"ipa": "/hi⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou",
"Singapore",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hi⁴⁴⁻²² seŋ⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou",
"Singapore",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hi⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou",
"Singapore",
"IPA",
"Taipei",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "hi¹ sêng¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "hi seng"
},
{
"ipa": "/hi³³⁻²³ seŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh_pron": "xje sraeng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh_pron": "/*hŋral sreŋ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "juānqū",
"word": "捐軀"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "juānqū",
"word": "捐躯"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shěshēn",
"word": "捨身"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shěshēn",
"word": "舍身"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xiànshēn",
"word": "獻身"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xiànshēn",
"word": "献身"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "fùsǐ",
"word": "赴死"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to die in battle",
"roman": "zhènwáng",
"word": "陣亡"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to die in battle",
"roman": "zhènwáng",
"word": "阵亡"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "diūdiào",
"word": "丟掉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "diūdiào",
"word": "丢掉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "diūqì",
"word": "丟棄"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "diūqì",
"word": "丢弃"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "割"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gēshě",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "割捨"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gēshě",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "割舍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "bǐngqì",
"word": "屏棄"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "bǐngqì",
"word": "屏弃"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "fèiqì",
"word": "廢棄"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "fèiqì",
"word": "废弃"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "rēngdiào",
"word": "扔掉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "rēngqì",
"word": "扔棄"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "rēngqì",
"word": "扔弃"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "pāo",
"word": "拋"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "pāo",
"word": "抛"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou-Hokkien"
],
"word": "㧒捔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou-Hokkien"
],
"word": "㧒捒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "pāoqì",
"word": "拋棄"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "pāoqì",
"word": "抛弃"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou-Hokkien"
],
"word": "挕㧒捔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "挕捒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Taiwanese-Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "挕擲捒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Taiwanese-Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "挕掷捒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "捐"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shěqù",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "捨去"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shěqù",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "舍去"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shěqì",
"word": "捨棄"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shěqì",
"word": "舍弃"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "揕捒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yángqì",
"word": "揚棄"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yángqì",
"word": "扬弃"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "摒捒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "bìngqì",
"word": "摒棄"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "bìngqì",
"word": "摒弃"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "bìnqì",
"word": "擯棄"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "bìnqì",
"word": "摈弃"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "bìnchú",
"word": "擯除"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "bìnchú",
"word": "摈除"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Taiwanese-Hokkien"
],
"word": "擲㧒捔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Taiwanese-Hokkien"
],
"word": "掷㧒捔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "擲捒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "掷捒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "放捒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "fàngqì",
"word": "放棄"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "fàngqì",
"word": "放弃"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "放生"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "qìjué",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "棄絕"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "qìjué",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "弃绝"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "甩捒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shuǎidiào",
"word": "甩掉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yíqì",
"word": "遺棄"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yíqì",
"word": "遗弃"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "líqì",
"word": "離棄"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "líqì",
"word": "离弃"
}
],
"word": "犧牲"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 牲",
"Chinese terms spelled with 犧",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Elementary Mandarin",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Middle Chinese nouns",
"Middle Chinese verbs",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese nouns",
"Old Chinese verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"zh:Death",
"zh:Livestock"
],
"etymology_text": "\"sacrifice (animal)\" (pre-Qin) -> \"to immolate\" (c. 1840) -> \"to sacrifice\" (c. 1900).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "牺牲",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "犧牲",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
36,
46
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "I dare not exaggerate the amount of sacrifices, jade, and silk offered to the gods; I always tell the gods the truth.",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese poetry"
],
"ref": " Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE",
"roman": "Xīshēng yùbó, fú gǎn jiā yě, bì yǐ xìn.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin",
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"text": "犧牲玉帛，弗敢加也，必以信。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
36,
46
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "I dare not exaggerate the amount of sacrifices, jade, and silk offered to the gods; I always tell the gods the truth.",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese poetry"
],
"ref": " Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE",
"roman": "Xīshēng yùbó, fú gǎn jiā yě, bì yǐ xìn.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin",
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"text": "牺牲玉帛，弗敢加也，必以信。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sacrifice (animal presented to a deity, deceased ancestor, etc.)"
],
"links": [
[
"sacrifice",
"sacrifice"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "xīshēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄒㄧ ㄕㄥ"
},
{
"audio": "Zh-xisheng.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/Zh-xisheng.ogg/Zh-xisheng.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Zh-xisheng.ogg",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "hei¹ sang¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "hî-sên"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "hi^ˋ sen^ˋ"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "hi¹ seng¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "hi-sng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "hi-seng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "hi¹ sêng¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "xīshēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄒㄧ ㄕㄥ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "sisheng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "hsi¹-shêng¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "syī-shēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "shisheng"
},
{
"roman": "sišɛn",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "сишэн"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɕi⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"homophone": "吸聲",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "吸声",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "犧牲",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "牺牲",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "hei¹ sang¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "hēi sāng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "hei¹ sang¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "héi¹ seng¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/hei̯⁵⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "hî-sên"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "hi^ˊ sen^ˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hagfa-Pinyim"
],
"zh_pron": "hi¹ sen¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/hi²⁴⁻¹¹ sen²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Zhudong",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "hi^ˋ sen^ˋ"
},
{
"ipa": "/hi⁵³ sen⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Zhudong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Putian",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "hi¹ seng¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Putian",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"phonetic"
],
"zh_pron": "hi⁵ seng¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Putian",
"Hinghwa-Romanized"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "hi-seng"
},
{
"ipa": "/hi⁵³³⁻¹¹ ɬɛŋ⁵³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Putian"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "hi¹ seng¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"phonetic"
],
"zh_pron": "hi⁵ seng¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/hi⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ɬɛŋ⁵⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Singapore",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "hi-sng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Singapore",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "hi-sng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Singapore",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "hisngf"
},
{
"ipa": "/hi⁴⁴⁻²² sŋ̍⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Singapore",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hi³³ sŋ̍³³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Singapore",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou",
"Singapore",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "hi-seng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou",
"Singapore",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "hi-sing"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou",
"Singapore",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "hisefng"
},
{
"ipa": "/hi⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou",
"Singapore",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hi⁴⁴⁻²² seŋ⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou",
"Singapore",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hi⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou",
"Singapore",
"IPA",
"Taipei",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "hi¹ sêng¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "hi seng"
},
{
"ipa": "/hi³³⁻²³ seŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh_pron": "xje sraeng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh_pron": "/*hŋral sreŋ/"
}
],
"word": "犧牲"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 牲",
"Chinese terms spelled with 犧",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Elementary Mandarin",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Middle Chinese nouns",
"Middle Chinese verbs",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese nouns",
"Old Chinese verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"zh:Death",
"zh:Livestock"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "gōngzī xīshēng",
"word": "工資犧牲"
},
{
"roman": "gōngzī xīshēng",
"word": "工资牺牲"
},
{
"roman": "xīshēngpǐn",
"word": "犧牲品"
},
{
"roman": "xīshēngpǐn",
"word": "牺牲品"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "犧牲"
},
"expansion": "犧牲",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "犠%牲",
"2": "ぎ%せい",
"gloss": "",
"pos": ""
},
"expansion": "犠(ぎ)牲(せい) (gisei)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "희생(犧牲)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"id": "犧牲",
"id2": "",
"id3": "",
"id4": "",
"pos": "",
"pos2": "",
"pos3": "",
"pos4": "",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 희생(犧牲) (huisaeng)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "hi sinh",
"bor": "1",
"id": "犧牲",
"pos": "",
"t": "",
"tr": "犧牲"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: hi sinh (犧牲)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "犧牲",
"2": "ぎ%せい",
"3": "희생",
"4": "hi sinh",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "犧牲",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "犧牲",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "犠%牲",
"v": "犧牲",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (犧牲):\n* → Japanese: 犠(ぎ)牲(せい) (gisei)\n* → Korean: 희생(犧牲) (huisaeng)\n* → Vietnamese: hi sinh (犧牲)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "ぎ%せい",
"3": "희생",
"4": "hi sinh",
"s": "犠%牲"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (犧牲):\n* → Japanese: 犠(ぎ)牲(せい) (gisei)\n* → Korean: 희생(犧牲) (huisaeng)\n* → Vietnamese: hi sinh (犧牲)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (犧牲):\n* → Japanese: 犠(ぎ)牲(せい) (gisei)\n* → Korean: 희생(犧牲) (huisaeng)\n* → Vietnamese: hi sinh (犧牲)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "\"sacrifice (animal)\" (pre-Qin) -> \"to immolate\" (c. 1840) -> \"to sacrifice\" (c. 1900).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "牺牲",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "犧牲",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
3,
6
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
10,
17
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"english": "to die a hero's death",
"roman": "zhuàngliè xīshēng",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"text": "壯烈犧牲",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
3,
6
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
10,
17
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"english": "to die a hero's death",
"roman": "zhuàngliè xīshēng",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"text": "壮烈牺牲",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to give one's life for a certain cause; to sacrifice oneself"
],
"links": [
[
"give",
"give"
],
[
"life",
"life"
],
[
"certain",
"certain"
],
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"sacrifice",
"sacrifice"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
38,
45
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
15
]
],
"english": "\"Some people\" are basically incurable, death penalty abolition merely sacrifices justice",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC"
],
"roman": "“yǒuxiē rén” gēnběn méi jiù, fèisǐ tú xīshēng le zhèngyì",
"tags": [
"Pinyin",
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"text": "「有些人」根本沒救，廢死徒犧牲了正義",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
38,
45
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
15
]
],
"english": "\"Some people\" are basically incurable, death penalty abolition merely sacrifices justice",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC"
],
"roman": "“yǒuxiē rén” gēnběn méi jiù, fèisǐ tú xīshēng le zhèngyì",
"tags": [
"Pinyin",
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"text": "「有些人」根本没救，废死徒牺牲了正义",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to sacrifice (give away something valuable); to give up; to abandon; to discard"
],
"links": [
[
"give up",
"give up"
],
[
"abandon",
"abandon"
],
[
"discard",
"discard"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) to sacrifice (give away something valuable); to give up; to abandon; to discard"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "xīshēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄒㄧ ㄕㄥ"
},
{
"audio": "Zh-xisheng.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/Zh-xisheng.ogg/Zh-xisheng.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Zh-xisheng.ogg",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "hei¹ sang¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "hî-sên"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "hi^ˋ sen^ˋ"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "hi¹ seng¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "hi-sng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "hi-seng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "hi¹ sêng¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "xīshēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄒㄧ ㄕㄥ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "sisheng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "hsi¹-shêng¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "syī-shēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "shisheng"
},
{
"roman": "sišɛn",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "сишэн"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɕi⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"homophone": "吸聲",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "吸声",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "犧牲",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "牺牲",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "hei¹ sang¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "hēi sāng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "hei¹ sang¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "héi¹ seng¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/hei̯⁵⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "hî-sên"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "hi^ˊ sen^ˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hagfa-Pinyim"
],
"zh_pron": "hi¹ sen¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/hi²⁴⁻¹¹ sen²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Zhudong",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "hi^ˋ sen^ˋ"
},
{
"ipa": "/hi⁵³ sen⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Zhudong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Putian",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "hi¹ seng¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Putian",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"phonetic"
],
"zh_pron": "hi⁵ seng¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Putian",
"Hinghwa-Romanized"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "hi-seng"
},
{
"ipa": "/hi⁵³³⁻¹¹ ɬɛŋ⁵³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Putian"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "hi¹ seng¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"phonetic"
],
"zh_pron": "hi⁵ seng¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/hi⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ɬɛŋ⁵⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Singapore",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "hi-sng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Singapore",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "hi-sng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Singapore",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "hisngf"
},
{
"ipa": "/hi⁴⁴⁻²² sŋ̍⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Singapore",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hi³³ sŋ̍³³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Singapore",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou",
"Singapore",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "hi-seng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou",
"Singapore",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "hi-sing"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou",
"Singapore",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "hisefng"
},
{
"ipa": "/hi⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou",
"Singapore",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hi⁴⁴⁻²² seŋ⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou",
"Singapore",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hi⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou",
"Singapore",
"IPA",
"Taipei",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "hi¹ sêng¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "hi seng"
},
{
"ipa": "/hi³³⁻²³ seŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh_pron": "xje sraeng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh_pron": "/*hŋral sreŋ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "juānqū",
"word": "捐軀"
},
{
"roman": "juānqū",
"word": "捐躯"
},
{
"roman": "shěshēn",
"word": "捨身"
},
{
"roman": "shěshēn",
"word": "舍身"
},
{
"roman": "xiànshēn",
"word": "獻身"
},
{
"roman": "xiànshēn",
"word": "献身"
},
{
"roman": "fùsǐ",
"word": "赴死"
},
{
"english": "to die in battle",
"roman": "zhènwáng",
"word": "陣亡"
},
{
"english": "to die in battle",
"roman": "zhènwáng",
"word": "阵亡"
},
{
"roman": "diūdiào",
"word": "丟掉"
},
{
"roman": "diūdiào",
"word": "丢掉"
},
{
"roman": "diūqì",
"word": "丟棄"
},
{
"roman": "diūqì",
"word": "丢弃"
},
{
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "割"
},
{
"roman": "gēshě",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "割捨"
},
{
"roman": "gēshě",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "割舍"
},
{
"roman": "bǐngqì",
"word": "屏棄"
},
{
"roman": "bǐngqì",
"word": "屏弃"
},
{
"roman": "fèiqì",
"word": "廢棄"
},
{
"roman": "fèiqì",
"word": "废弃"
},
{
"roman": "rēngdiào",
"word": "扔掉"
},
{
"roman": "rēngqì",
"word": "扔棄"
},
{
"roman": "rēngqì",
"word": "扔弃"
},
{
"roman": "pāo",
"word": "拋"
},
{
"roman": "pāo",
"word": "抛"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou-Hokkien"
],
"word": "㧒捔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou-Hokkien"
],
"word": "㧒捒"
},
{
"roman": "pāoqì",
"word": "拋棄"
},
{
"roman": "pāoqì",
"word": "抛弃"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou-Hokkien"
],
"word": "挕㧒捔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "挕捒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Taiwanese-Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "挕擲捒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Taiwanese-Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "挕掷捒"
},
{
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "捐"
},
{
"roman": "shěqù",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "捨去"
},
{
"roman": "shěqù",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "舍去"
},
{
"roman": "shěqì",
"word": "捨棄"
},
{
"roman": "shěqì",
"word": "舍弃"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "揕捒"
},
{
"roman": "yángqì",
"word": "揚棄"
},
{
"roman": "yángqì",
"word": "扬弃"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "摒捒"
},
{
"roman": "bìngqì",
"word": "摒棄"
},
{
"roman": "bìngqì",
"word": "摒弃"
},
{
"roman": "bìnqì",
"word": "擯棄"
},
{
"roman": "bìnqì",
"word": "摈弃"
},
{
"roman": "bìnchú",
"word": "擯除"
},
{
"roman": "bìnchú",
"word": "摈除"
},
{
"tags": [
"Taiwanese-Hokkien"
],
"word": "擲㧒捔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Taiwanese-Hokkien"
],
"word": "掷㧒捔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "擲捒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "掷捒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "放捒"
},
{
"roman": "fàngqì",
"word": "放棄"
},
{
"roman": "fàngqì",
"word": "放弃"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "放生"
},
{
"roman": "qìjué",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "棄絕"
},
{
"roman": "qìjué",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "弃绝"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "甩捒"
},
{
"roman": "shuǎidiào",
"word": "甩掉"
},
{
"roman": "yíqì",
"word": "遺棄"
},
{
"roman": "yíqì",
"word": "遗弃"
},
{
"roman": "líqì",
"word": "離棄"
},
{
"roman": "líqì",
"word": "离弃"
}
],
"word": "犧牲"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 犧牲 meaning in Chinese (21.1kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <sup> not properly closed",
"path": [
"犧牲"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "犧牲",
"trace": "started on line 26, detected on line 26"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </sup>",
"path": [
"犧牲"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "犧牲",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/2196",
"msg": "parse_linkage_recurse unhandled NodeKind.URL: <URL(['https://wiki.local/w/index.php?action=edit&title=Thesaurus%3A%E8%B5%B4%E6%AD%BB'], ['edit']){} >",
"path": [
"犧牲"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "犧牲",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/2196",
"msg": "parse_linkage_recurse unhandled NodeKind.URL: <URL(['https://wiki.local/w/index.php?action=edit&title=Thesaurus%3A%E6%8B%8B%E6%A3%84'], ['edit']){} >",
"path": [
"犧牲"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "犧牲",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (0c45963 and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.