"官僚" meaning in Chinese

See 官僚 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ku̯än⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /kuːn⁵⁵ liːu̯²¹/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau²⁴/ [Hokkien, Xiamen], /kuã³³ liau²⁴/ [Hokkien, Quanzhou], /kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau¹³/ [Hokkien, Zhangzhou], /kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²⁴/ [Hokkien, Taipei], /kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²³/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung], /ku̯än⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/, /kuːn⁵⁵ liːu̯²¹/, /kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau²⁴/, /kuã³³ liau²⁴/, /kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau¹³/, /kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²⁴/, /kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²³/ Chinese transliterations: guānliáo [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄍㄨㄢ ㄌㄧㄠˊ [Mandarin, bopomofo], gun¹ liu⁴ [Cantonese, Jyutping], koaⁿ-liâu, guānliáo [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], guanliáo [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], kuan¹-liao² [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], gwān-lyáu [Mandarin, Yale], guanliau [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], гуаньляо [Mandarin, Palladius], guanʹljao [Mandarin, Palladius], gūn lìuh [Cantonese, Yale], gun¹ liu⁴ [Cantonese, Pinyin], gun¹ liu⁴ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], koaⁿ-liâu [Hokkien, POJ], kuann-liâu [Hokkien, Tai-lo], kvoaliaau [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun]
Head templates: {{head|zh|adjective}} 官僚
  1. bureaucratic
    Sense id: en-官僚-zh-adj-DQPlnmzz

Noun

IPA: /ku̯än⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /kuːn⁵⁵ liːu̯²¹/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau²⁴/ [Hokkien, Xiamen], /kuã³³ liau²⁴/ [Hokkien, Quanzhou], /kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau¹³/ [Hokkien, Zhangzhou], /kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²⁴/ [Hokkien, Taipei], /kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²³/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung], /ku̯än⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/, /kuːn⁵⁵ liːu̯²¹/, /kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau²⁴/, /kuã³³ liau²⁴/, /kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau¹³/, /kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²⁴/, /kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²³/ Chinese transliterations: guānliáo [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄍㄨㄢ ㄌㄧㄠˊ [Mandarin, bopomofo], gun¹ liu⁴ [Cantonese, Jyutping], koaⁿ-liâu, guānliáo [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], guanliáo [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], kuan¹-liao² [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], gwān-lyáu [Mandarin, Yale], guanliau [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], гуаньляо [Mandarin, Palladius], guanʹljao [Mandarin, Palladius], gūn lìuh [Cantonese, Yale], gun¹ liu⁴ [Cantonese, Pinyin], gun¹ liu⁴ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], koaⁿ-liâu [Hokkien, POJ], kuann-liâu [Hokkien, Tai-lo], kvoaliaau [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun]
Head templates: {{head|zh|noun}} 官僚
  1. bureaucrat; apparatchik Categories (topical): Government, People
    Sense id: en-官僚-zh-noun-JbtpCgfI Disambiguation of Government: 0 45 55 Disambiguation of People: 0 99 1
  2. bureaucracy; bureaucratism Categories (topical): Government, Organizations Synonyms (bureaucracy): 官僚主義 (guānliáo zhǔyì), 官僚主义 (guānliáo zhǔyì)
    Sense id: en-官僚-zh-noun-7XlwSxlA Disambiguation of Government: 0 45 55 Disambiguation of Organizations: 0 30 70 Categories (other): Chinese entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Chinese entries with incorrect language header: 2 8 90 Disambiguation of 'bureaucracy': 24 76
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: 官僚主義 (guānliáo zhǔyì), 官僚主义 (guānliáo zhǔyì), 官僚制 (guānliáozhì), 官僚化 (guānliáohuà), 技術官僚 (jìshù guānliáo), 技术官僚 (jìshù guānliáo)
Synonyms: 做政府工个 [Penang-Hokkien], 內臣 (nèichén) [historical], 内臣 (nèichén) [historical], 公僕 (gōngpú), 公仆 (gōngpú), 公務員 (gōngwùyuán), 公务员 (gōngwùyuán), 公職人員 (gōngzhí rényuán), 公职人员 (gōngzhí rényuán), 君子 (jūnzǐ) [Classical-Chinese], 官吏 (guānlì) [historical], 官員 (guānyuán), 官员 (guānyuán), 官宦 (guānhuàn) [historical], 宦官 (huànguān) [historical], 有司 (yǒusī) [archaic], 臣僚 (in a monarchy) [historical]
{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "官僚",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "red tape",
          "raw_tags": [
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "roman": "guānliáo xíqì",
          "text": "官僚習氣",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "red tape",
          "raw_tags": [
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "roman": "guānliáo xíqì",
          "text": "官僚习气",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "bureaucratic"
      ],
      "id": "en-官僚-zh-adj-DQPlnmzz",
      "links": [
        [
          "bureaucratic",
          "bureaucratic"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "guānliáo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄢ ㄌㄧㄠˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "koaⁿ-liâu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "guānliáo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "guanliáo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kuan¹-liao²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gwān-lyáu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "guanliau"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "гуаньляо"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "guanʹljao"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku̯än⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gūn lìuh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuːn⁵⁵ liːu̯²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "koaⁿ-liâu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kuann-liâu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kvoaliaau"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuã³³ liau²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku̯än⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuːn⁵⁵ liːu̯²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuã³³ liau²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau¹³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²³/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "官僚"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "guānliáo zhǔyì",
      "word": "官僚主義"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "guānliáo zhǔyì",
      "word": "官僚主义"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "guānliáozhì",
      "word": "官僚制"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "guānliáohuà",
      "word": "官僚化"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "jìshù guānliáo",
      "word": "技術官僚"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "jìshù guānliáo",
      "word": "技术官僚"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "官僚",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 45 55",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Government",
          "orig": "zh:Government",
          "parents": [
            "Politics",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 99 1",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "People",
          "orig": "zh:People",
          "parents": [
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "bureaucrat; apparatchik"
      ],
      "id": "en-官僚-zh-noun-JbtpCgfI",
      "links": [
        [
          "bureaucrat",
          "bureaucrat"
        ],
        [
          "apparatchik",
          "apparatchik"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "2 8 90",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 45 55",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Government",
          "orig": "zh:Government",
          "parents": [
            "Politics",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 30 70",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Organizations",
          "orig": "zh:Organizations",
          "parents": [
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "bureaucracy; bureaucratism"
      ],
      "id": "en-官僚-zh-noun-7XlwSxlA",
      "links": [
        [
          "bureaucracy",
          "bureaucracy"
        ],
        [
          "bureaucratism",
          "bureaucratism"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "24 76",
          "roman": "guānliáo zhǔyì",
          "sense": "bureaucracy",
          "word": "官僚主義"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "24 76",
          "roman": "guānliáo zhǔyì",
          "sense": "bureaucracy",
          "word": "官僚主义"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "guānliáo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄢ ㄌㄧㄠˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "koaⁿ-liâu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "guānliáo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "guanliáo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kuan¹-liao²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gwān-lyáu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "guanliau"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "гуаньляо"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "guanʹljao"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku̯än⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gūn lìuh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuːn⁵⁵ liːu̯²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "koaⁿ-liâu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kuann-liâu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kvoaliaau"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuã³³ liau²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku̯än⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuːn⁵⁵ liːu̯²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuã³³ liau²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau¹³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²³/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Penang-Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "做政府工个"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "nèichén",
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ],
      "word": "內臣"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "nèichén",
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ],
      "word": "内臣"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "gōngpú",
      "word": "公僕"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "gōngpú",
      "word": "公仆"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "gōngwùyuán",
      "word": "公務員"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "gōngwùyuán",
      "word": "公务员"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "gōngzhí rényuán",
      "word": "公職人員"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "gōngzhí rényuán",
      "word": "公职人员"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "jūnzǐ",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "君子"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "guānlì",
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ],
      "word": "官吏"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "guānyuán",
      "word": "官員"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "guānyuán",
      "word": "官员"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "guānhuàn",
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ],
      "word": "官宦"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "huànguān",
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ],
      "word": "宦官"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yǒusī",
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "word": "有司"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "in a monarchy",
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ],
      "word": "臣僚"
    }
  ],
  "word": "官僚"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Advanced Mandarin",
    "Chinese adjectives",
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese nouns",
    "Chinese terms spelled with 僚",
    "Chinese terms spelled with 官",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "zh:Government",
    "zh:Organizations",
    "zh:People"
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "官僚",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Mandarin terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "red tape",
          "raw_tags": [
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "roman": "guānliáo xíqì",
          "text": "官僚習氣",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "red tape",
          "raw_tags": [
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "roman": "guānliáo xíqì",
          "text": "官僚习气",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "bureaucratic"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bureaucratic",
          "bureaucratic"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "guānliáo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄢ ㄌㄧㄠˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "koaⁿ-liâu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "guānliáo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "guanliáo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kuan¹-liao²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gwān-lyáu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "guanliau"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "гуаньляо"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "guanʹljao"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku̯än⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gūn lìuh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuːn⁵⁵ liːu̯²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "koaⁿ-liâu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kuann-liâu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kvoaliaau"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuã³³ liau²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku̯än⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuːn⁵⁵ liːu̯²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuã³³ liau²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau¹³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²³/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "官僚"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Advanced Mandarin",
    "Chinese adjectives",
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese nouns",
    "Chinese terms spelled with 僚",
    "Chinese terms spelled with 官",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "zh:Government",
    "zh:Organizations",
    "zh:People"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "guānliáo zhǔyì",
      "word": "官僚主義"
    },
    {
      "roman": "guānliáo zhǔyì",
      "word": "官僚主义"
    },
    {
      "roman": "guānliáozhì",
      "word": "官僚制"
    },
    {
      "roman": "guānliáohuà",
      "word": "官僚化"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jìshù guānliáo",
      "word": "技術官僚"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jìshù guānliáo",
      "word": "技术官僚"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "官僚",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "bureaucrat; apparatchik"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bureaucrat",
          "bureaucrat"
        ],
        [
          "apparatchik",
          "apparatchik"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "bureaucracy; bureaucratism"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bureaucracy",
          "bureaucracy"
        ],
        [
          "bureaucratism",
          "bureaucratism"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "guānliáo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄢ ㄌㄧㄠˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "koaⁿ-liâu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "guānliáo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "guanliáo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kuan¹-liao²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gwān-lyáu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "guanliau"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "гуаньляо"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "guanʹljao"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku̯än⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gūn lìuh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuːn⁵⁵ liːu̯²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "koaⁿ-liâu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kuann-liâu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kvoaliaau"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuã³³ liau²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku̯än⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuːn⁵⁵ liːu̯²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuã³³ liau²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau¹³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²³/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Penang-Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "做政府工个"
    },
    {
      "roman": "nèichén",
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ],
      "word": "內臣"
    },
    {
      "roman": "nèichén",
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ],
      "word": "内臣"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gōngpú",
      "word": "公僕"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gōngpú",
      "word": "公仆"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gōngwùyuán",
      "word": "公務員"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gōngwùyuán",
      "word": "公务员"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gōngzhí rényuán",
      "word": "公職人員"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gōngzhí rényuán",
      "word": "公职人员"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jūnzǐ",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "君子"
    },
    {
      "roman": "guānlì",
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ],
      "word": "官吏"
    },
    {
      "roman": "guānyuán",
      "word": "官員"
    },
    {
      "roman": "guānyuán",
      "word": "官员"
    },
    {
      "roman": "guānhuàn",
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ],
      "word": "官宦"
    },
    {
      "roman": "huànguān",
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ],
      "word": "宦官"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yǒusī",
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "word": "有司"
    },
    {
      "roman": "in a monarchy",
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ],
      "word": "臣僚"
    },
    {
      "roman": "guānliáo zhǔyì",
      "sense": "bureaucracy",
      "word": "官僚主義"
    },
    {
      "roman": "guānliáo zhǔyì",
      "sense": "bureaucracy",
      "word": "官僚主义"
    }
  ],
  "word": "官僚"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 官僚 meaning in Chinese (6.8kB)

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "官僚"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "官僚",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
  "path": [
    "官僚"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "官僚",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
  "path": [
    "官僚"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "官僚",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "官僚"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "官僚",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "page/2196",
  "msg": "parse_linkage_recurse unhandled NodeKind.URL: <URL(['https://wiki.local/w/index.php?action=edit&title=Thesaurus%3A%E5%AE%98%E5%93%A1'], ['edit']){} >",
  "path": [
    "官僚"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "官僚",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.