See 官僚 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 官僚 meaning in Chinese (7.2kB)
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "官僚",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "54 4 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "red tape",
"roman": "guānliáo xíqì",
"text": "官僚習氣／官僚习气",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bureaucratic"
],
"id": "en-官僚-zh-adj-DQPlnmzz",
"links": [
[
"bureaucratic",
"bureaucratic"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "guānliáo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄢ ㄌㄧㄠˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
},
{
"zh-pron": "koaⁿ-liâu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "guānliáo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "guanliáo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kuan¹-liao²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gwān-lyáu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "guanliau"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "гуаньляо"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "guanʹljao"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku̯än⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gūn lìuh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuːn⁵⁵ liːu̯²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "koaⁿ-liâu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kuann-liâu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kvoaliaau"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã³³ liau²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ku̯än⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuːn⁵⁵ liːu̯²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã³³ liau²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²³/"
}
],
"word": "官僚"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "guānliáo zhǔyì",
"word": "官僚主義"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "guānliáo zhǔyì",
"word": "官僚主义"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "guānliáozhì",
"word": "官僚制"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "guānliáohuà",
"word": "官僚化"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "jìshù guānliáo",
"word": "技術官僚"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "jìshù guānliáo",
"word": "技术官僚"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "官僚",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 45 55",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Government",
"orig": "zh:Government",
"parents": [
"Politics",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 98 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "People",
"orig": "zh:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bureaucrat; apparatchik"
],
"id": "en-官僚-zh-noun-JbtpCgfI",
"links": [
[
"bureaucrat",
"bureaucrat"
],
[
"apparatchik",
"apparatchik"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 45 55",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Government",
"orig": "zh:Government",
"parents": [
"Politics",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 25 45",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Organizations",
"orig": "zh:Organizations",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bureaucracy; bureaucratism"
],
"id": "en-官僚-zh-noun-7XlwSxlA",
"links": [
[
"bureaucracy",
"bureaucracy"
],
[
"bureaucratism",
"bureaucratism"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "24 76",
"roman": "guānliáo zhǔyì",
"sense": "bureaucracy",
"word": "官僚主義"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 76",
"roman": "guānliáo zhǔyì",
"sense": "bureaucracy",
"word": "官僚主义"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "guānliáo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄢ ㄌㄧㄠˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
},
{
"zh-pron": "koaⁿ-liâu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "guānliáo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "guanliáo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kuan¹-liao²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gwān-lyáu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "guanliau"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "гуаньляо"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "guanʹljao"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku̯än⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gūn lìuh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuːn⁵⁵ liːu̯²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "koaⁿ-liâu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kuann-liâu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kvoaliaau"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã³³ liau²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ku̯än⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuːn⁵⁵ liːu̯²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã³³ liau²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²³/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "nèichén",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "內臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "nèichén",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "内臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gōngpú",
"word": "公僕"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gōngpú",
"word": "公仆"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gōngwùyuán",
"word": "公務員"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gōngwùyuán",
"word": "公务员"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "jūnzǐ",
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese"
],
"word": "君子"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "guānlì",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "官吏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "guānyuán",
"word": "官員"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "guānyuán",
"word": "官员"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "guānhuàn",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "官宦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "huànguān",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "宦官"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yǒusī",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "有司"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "in a monarchy",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "臣僚"
}
],
"word": "官僚"
}
{
"categories": [
"Advanced Mandarin",
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"zh:Government",
"zh:Organizations",
"zh:People"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "官僚",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "red tape",
"roman": "guānliáo xíqì",
"text": "官僚習氣／官僚习气",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bureaucratic"
],
"links": [
[
"bureaucratic",
"bureaucratic"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "guānliáo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄢ ㄌㄧㄠˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
},
{
"zh-pron": "koaⁿ-liâu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "guānliáo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "guanliáo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kuan¹-liao²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gwān-lyáu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "guanliau"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "гуаньляо"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "guanʹljao"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku̯än⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gūn lìuh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuːn⁵⁵ liːu̯²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "koaⁿ-liâu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kuann-liâu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kvoaliaau"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã³³ liau²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ku̯än⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuːn⁵⁵ liːu̯²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã³³ liau²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²³/"
}
],
"word": "官僚"
}
{
"categories": [
"Advanced Mandarin",
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"zh:Government",
"zh:Organizations",
"zh:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "guānliáo zhǔyì",
"word": "官僚主義"
},
{
"roman": "guānliáo zhǔyì",
"word": "官僚主义"
},
{
"roman": "guānliáozhì",
"word": "官僚制"
},
{
"roman": "guānliáohuà",
"word": "官僚化"
},
{
"roman": "jìshù guānliáo",
"word": "技術官僚"
},
{
"roman": "jìshù guānliáo",
"word": "技术官僚"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "官僚",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bureaucrat; apparatchik"
],
"links": [
[
"bureaucrat",
"bureaucrat"
],
[
"apparatchik",
"apparatchik"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bureaucracy; bureaucratism"
],
"links": [
[
"bureaucracy",
"bureaucracy"
],
[
"bureaucratism",
"bureaucratism"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "guānliáo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄢ ㄌㄧㄠˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
},
{
"zh-pron": "koaⁿ-liâu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "guānliáo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "guanliáo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kuan¹-liao²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gwān-lyáu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "guanliau"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "гуаньляо"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "guanʹljao"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku̯än⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gūn lìuh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuːn⁵⁵ liːu̯²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "koaⁿ-liâu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kuann-liâu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kvoaliaau"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã³³ liau²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ku̯än⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuːn⁵⁵ liːu̯²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã³³ liau²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²³/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "nèichén",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "內臣"
},
{
"roman": "nèichén",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "内臣"
},
{
"roman": "gōngpú",
"word": "公僕"
},
{
"roman": "gōngpú",
"word": "公仆"
},
{
"roman": "gōngwùyuán",
"word": "公務員"
},
{
"roman": "gōngwùyuán",
"word": "公务员"
},
{
"roman": "jūnzǐ",
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese"
],
"word": "君子"
},
{
"roman": "guānlì",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "官吏"
},
{
"roman": "guānyuán",
"word": "官員"
},
{
"roman": "guānyuán",
"word": "官员"
},
{
"roman": "guānhuàn",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "官宦"
},
{
"roman": "huànguān",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "宦官"
},
{
"roman": "yǒusī",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "有司"
},
{
"roman": "in a monarchy",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "臣僚"
},
{
"roman": "guānliáo zhǔyì",
"sense": "bureaucracy",
"word": "官僚主義"
},
{
"roman": "guānliáo zhǔyì",
"sense": "bureaucracy",
"word": "官僚主义"
}
],
"word": "官僚"
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"官僚"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "官僚",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
"path": [
"官僚"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "官僚",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"官僚"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "官僚",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"官僚"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "官僚",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (a644e18 and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.