See 官僚 on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 官僚 meaning in All languages combined (12.4kB)
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "官僚",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "54 4 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "red tape",
"roman": "guānliáo xíqì",
"text": "官僚習氣／官僚习气",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bureaucratic"
],
"id": "en-官僚-zh-adj-DQPlnmzz",
"links": [
[
"bureaucratic",
"bureaucratic"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "guānliáo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄢ ㄌㄧㄠˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
},
{
"zh-pron": "koaⁿ-liâu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "guānliáo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "guanliáo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kuan¹-liao²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gwān-lyáu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "guanliau"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "гуаньляо"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "guanʹljao"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku̯än⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gūn lìuh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuːn⁵⁵ liːu̯²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "koaⁿ-liâu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kuann-liâu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kvoaliaau"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã³³ liau²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ku̯än⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuːn⁵⁵ liːu̯²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã³³ liau²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²³/"
}
],
"word": "官僚"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "guānliáo zhǔyì",
"word": "官僚主義"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "guānliáo zhǔyì",
"word": "官僚主义"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "guānliáozhì",
"word": "官僚制"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "guānliáohuà",
"word": "官僚化"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "jìshù guānliáo",
"word": "技術官僚"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "jìshù guānliáo",
"word": "技术官僚"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "官僚",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 45 55",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Government",
"orig": "zh:Government",
"parents": [
"Politics",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 98 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "People",
"orig": "zh:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bureaucrat; apparatchik"
],
"id": "en-官僚-zh-noun-JbtpCgfI",
"links": [
[
"bureaucrat",
"bureaucrat"
],
[
"apparatchik",
"apparatchik"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 45 55",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Government",
"orig": "zh:Government",
"parents": [
"Politics",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 25 45",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Organizations",
"orig": "zh:Organizations",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bureaucracy; bureaucratism"
],
"id": "en-官僚-zh-noun-7XlwSxlA",
"links": [
[
"bureaucracy",
"bureaucracy"
],
[
"bureaucratism",
"bureaucratism"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "24 76",
"roman": "guānliáo zhǔyì",
"sense": "bureaucracy",
"word": "官僚主義"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 76",
"roman": "guānliáo zhǔyì",
"sense": "bureaucracy",
"word": "官僚主义"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "guānliáo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄢ ㄌㄧㄠˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
},
{
"zh-pron": "koaⁿ-liâu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "guānliáo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "guanliáo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kuan¹-liao²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gwān-lyáu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "guanliau"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "гуаньляо"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "guanʹljao"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku̯än⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gūn lìuh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuːn⁵⁵ liːu̯²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "koaⁿ-liâu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kuann-liâu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kvoaliaau"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã³³ liau²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ku̯än⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuːn⁵⁵ liːu̯²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã³³ liau²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²³/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "nèichén",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "內臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "nèichén",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "内臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gōngpú",
"word": "公僕"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gōngpú",
"word": "公仆"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gōngwùyuán",
"word": "公務員"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gōngwùyuán",
"word": "公务员"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "jūnzǐ",
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese"
],
"word": "君子"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "guānlì",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "官吏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "guānyuán",
"word": "官員"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "guānyuán",
"word": "官员"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "guānhuàn",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "官宦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "huànguān",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "宦官"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yǒusī",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "有司"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "in a monarchy",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "臣僚"
}
],
"word": "官僚"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "官僚",
"ruby": [
[
"官",
"かん"
],
[
"僚",
"りょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kanryō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kwanreu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "くわんれう",
"roman": "kwanreu",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かんりょう",
"hhira": "くわんれう"
},
"expansion": "官(かん)僚(りょう) • (kanryō) ^(←くわんれう (kwanreu)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "kankai",
"ruby": [
[
"官界",
"かんかい"
]
],
"word": "官界"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "66 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "94 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "93 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "94 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "93 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Business",
"orig": "ja:Business",
"parents": [
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bureaucrat"
],
"id": "en-官僚-ja-noun-xXbG7m7r",
"links": [
[
"bureaucrat",
"bureaucrat"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 74",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Government",
"orig": "ja:Government",
"parents": [
"Politics",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bureaucracy"
],
"id": "en-官僚-ja-noun--Lc9mjz7",
"links": [
[
"bureaucracy",
"bureaucracy"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かんりょー"
},
{
"ipa": "[kã̠nɾʲo̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "官僚"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "gwallyo",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "관료",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "관료"
},
"expansion": "官僚 • (gwallyo) (hangeul 관료)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "bureaucrat",
"word": "관료"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 관료 (“bureaucrat”)."
],
"id": "en-官僚-ko-noun-s~FVXie0",
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"관료",
"관료#Korean"
],
[
"bureaucrat",
"bureaucrat"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "官僚"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "官僚",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "官僚",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "43 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese adjectives in Han script",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of quan liêu (“bureaucracy”)."
],
"id": "en-官僚-vi-noun-ULctb2F2",
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"quan liêu",
"quan liêu#Vietnamese"
],
[
"bureaucracy",
"bureaucracy"
]
]
}
],
"word": "官僚"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "官僚",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "官僚",
"name": "vi-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of quan liêu (“bureaucratic”)."
],
"id": "en-官僚-vi-adj-eQYrMG0K",
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"quan liêu",
"quan liêu#Vietnamese"
],
[
"bureaucratic",
"bureaucratic"
]
]
}
],
"word": "官僚"
}
{
"categories": [
"Advanced Mandarin",
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"zh:Government",
"zh:Organizations",
"zh:People"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "官僚",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "red tape",
"roman": "guānliáo xíqì",
"text": "官僚習氣／官僚习气",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bureaucratic"
],
"links": [
[
"bureaucratic",
"bureaucratic"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "guānliáo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄢ ㄌㄧㄠˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
},
{
"zh-pron": "koaⁿ-liâu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "guānliáo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "guanliáo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kuan¹-liao²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gwān-lyáu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "guanliau"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "гуаньляо"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "guanʹljao"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku̯än⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gūn lìuh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuːn⁵⁵ liːu̯²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "koaⁿ-liâu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kuann-liâu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kvoaliaau"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã³³ liau²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ku̯än⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuːn⁵⁵ liːu̯²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã³³ liau²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²³/"
}
],
"word": "官僚"
}
{
"categories": [
"Advanced Mandarin",
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"zh:Government",
"zh:Organizations",
"zh:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "guānliáo zhǔyì",
"word": "官僚主義"
},
{
"roman": "guānliáo zhǔyì",
"word": "官僚主义"
},
{
"roman": "guānliáozhì",
"word": "官僚制"
},
{
"roman": "guānliáohuà",
"word": "官僚化"
},
{
"roman": "jìshù guānliáo",
"word": "技術官僚"
},
{
"roman": "jìshù guānliáo",
"word": "技术官僚"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "官僚",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bureaucrat; apparatchik"
],
"links": [
[
"bureaucrat",
"bureaucrat"
],
[
"apparatchik",
"apparatchik"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bureaucracy; bureaucratism"
],
"links": [
[
"bureaucracy",
"bureaucracy"
],
[
"bureaucratism",
"bureaucratism"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "guānliáo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄢ ㄌㄧㄠˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
},
{
"zh-pron": "koaⁿ-liâu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "guānliáo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "guanliáo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kuan¹-liao²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gwān-lyáu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "guanliau"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "гуаньляо"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "guanʹljao"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku̯än⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gūn lìuh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuːn⁵⁵ liːu̯²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "koaⁿ-liâu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kuann-liâu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kvoaliaau"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã³³ liau²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ku̯än⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuːn⁵⁵ liːu̯²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã³³ liau²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²³/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "nèichén",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "內臣"
},
{
"roman": "nèichén",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "内臣"
},
{
"roman": "gōngpú",
"word": "公僕"
},
{
"roman": "gōngpú",
"word": "公仆"
},
{
"roman": "gōngwùyuán",
"word": "公務員"
},
{
"roman": "gōngwùyuán",
"word": "公务员"
},
{
"roman": "jūnzǐ",
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese"
],
"word": "君子"
},
{
"roman": "guānlì",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "官吏"
},
{
"roman": "guānyuán",
"word": "官員"
},
{
"roman": "guānyuán",
"word": "官员"
},
{
"roman": "guānhuàn",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "官宦"
},
{
"roman": "huànguān",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "宦官"
},
{
"roman": "yǒusī",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "有司"
},
{
"roman": "in a monarchy",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "臣僚"
},
{
"roman": "guānliáo zhǔyì",
"sense": "bureaucracy",
"word": "官僚主義"
},
{
"roman": "guānliáo zhǔyì",
"sense": "bureaucracy",
"word": "官僚主义"
}
],
"word": "官僚"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"ja:Business",
"ja:Government"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "官僚",
"ruby": [
[
"官",
"かん"
],
[
"僚",
"りょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kanryō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kwanreu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "くわんれう",
"roman": "kwanreu",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かんりょう",
"hhira": "くわんれう"
},
"expansion": "官(かん)僚(りょう) • (kanryō) ^(←くわんれう (kwanreu)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "kankai",
"ruby": [
[
"官界",
"かんかい"
]
],
"word": "官界"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bureaucrat"
],
"links": [
[
"bureaucrat",
"bureaucrat"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bureaucracy"
],
"links": [
[
"bureaucracy",
"bureaucracy"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かんりょー"
},
{
"ipa": "[kã̠nɾʲo̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "官僚"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "gwallyo",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "관료",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "관료"
},
"expansion": "官僚 • (gwallyo) (hangeul 관료)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "bureaucrat",
"word": "관료"
}
],
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean nouns in Han script",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 관료 (“bureaucrat”)."
],
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"관료",
"관료#Korean"
],
[
"bureaucrat",
"bureaucrat"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "官僚"
}
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese adjectives",
"Vietnamese adjectives in Han script",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns in Han script",
"Vietnamese nouns without classifiers"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "官僚",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "官僚",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán"
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of quan liêu (“bureaucracy”)."
],
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"quan liêu",
"quan liêu#Vietnamese"
],
[
"bureaucracy",
"bureaucracy"
]
]
}
],
"word": "官僚"
}
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese adjectives",
"Vietnamese adjectives in Han script",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns in Han script",
"Vietnamese nouns without classifiers"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "官僚",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "官僚",
"name": "vi-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán"
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of quan liêu (“bureaucratic”)."
],
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"quan liêu",
"quan liêu#Vietnamese"
],
[
"bureaucratic",
"bureaucratic"
]
]
}
],
"word": "官僚"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.