See 官僚 on Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "People",
"orig": "zh:People",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "官僚",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "red tape",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "guānliáo xíqì",
"text": "官僚習氣",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "red tape",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "guānliáo xíqì",
"text": "官僚习气",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bureaucratic"
],
"id": "en-官僚-zh-adj-DQPlnmzz",
"links": [
[
"bureaucratic",
"bureaucratic"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "guānliáo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄢ ㄌㄧㄠˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
},
{
"zh-pron": "koaⁿ-liâu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "guānliáo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄢ ㄌㄧㄠˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "guanliáo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "kuan¹-liao²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "gwān-lyáu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "guanliau"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "гуаньляо"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "guanʹljao"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku̯än⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gūn lìuh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuːn⁵⁵ liːu̯²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "koaⁿ-liâu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kuann-liâu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kvoaliaau"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã³³ liau²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ku̯än⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuːn⁵⁵ liːu̯²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã³³ liau²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²³/"
}
],
"word": "官僚"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "People",
"orig": "zh:People",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "guānliáo zhǔyì",
"word": "官僚主義"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "guānliáo zhǔyì",
"word": "官僚主义"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "guānliáozhì",
"word": "官僚制"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "guānliáohuà",
"word": "官僚化"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "jìshù guānliáo",
"word": "技術官僚"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "jìshù guānliáo",
"word": "技术官僚"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "官僚",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 100 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Government",
"orig": "zh:Government",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bureaucrat; apparatchik"
],
"id": "en-官僚-zh-noun-JbtpCgfI",
"links": [
[
"bureaucrat",
"bureaucrat"
],
[
"apparatchik",
"apparatchik"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 8 88",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 11 89",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Organizations",
"orig": "zh:Organizations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bureaucracy; bureaucratism"
],
"id": "en-官僚-zh-noun-7XlwSxlA",
"links": [
[
"bureaucracy",
"bureaucracy"
],
[
"bureaucratism",
"bureaucratism"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "20 80",
"roman": "guānliáo zhǔyì",
"sense": "bureaucracy",
"word": "官僚主義"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 80",
"roman": "guānliáo zhǔyì",
"sense": "bureaucracy",
"word": "官僚主义"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "guānliáo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄢ ㄌㄧㄠˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
},
{
"zh-pron": "koaⁿ-liâu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "guānliáo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄢ ㄌㄧㄠˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "guanliáo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "kuan¹-liao²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "gwān-lyáu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "guanliau"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "гуаньляо"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "guanʹljao"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku̯än⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gūn lìuh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuːn⁵⁵ liːu̯²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "koaⁿ-liâu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kuann-liâu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kvoaliaau"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã³³ liau²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ku̯än⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuːn⁵⁵ liːu̯²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã³³ liau²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²³/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "nèichén",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "內臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "nèichén",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "内臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gōngpú",
"word": "公僕"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gōngpú",
"word": "公仆"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gōngwùyuán",
"word": "公務員"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gōngwùyuán",
"word": "公务员"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gōngzhí rényuán",
"word": "公職人員"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gōngzhí rényuán",
"word": "公职人员"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "jūnzǐ",
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese"
],
"word": "君子"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "guānlì",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "官吏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "guānyuán",
"word": "官員"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "guānyuán",
"word": "官员"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "guānhuàn",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "官宦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "huànguān",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "宦官"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yǒusī",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "有司"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "in a monarchy",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "臣僚"
}
],
"word": "官僚"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "官僚",
"ruby": [
[
"官",
"かん"
],
[
"僚",
"りょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kanryō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kwanreu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "くわんれう",
"roman": "kwanreu",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かんりょう",
"hhira": "くわんれう"
},
"expansion": "官(かん)僚(りょう) • (kanryō) ^(←くわんれう (kwanreu)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "kankai",
"ruby": [
[
"官界",
"かんかい"
]
],
"word": "官界"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "64 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "67 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "77 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "77 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "78 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "77 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Government",
"orig": "ja:Government",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bureaucrat"
],
"id": "en-官僚-ja-noun-xXbG7m7r",
"links": [
[
"bureaucrat",
"bureaucrat"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Business",
"orig": "ja:Business",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bureaucracy"
],
"id": "en-官僚-ja-noun--Lc9mjz7",
"links": [
[
"bureaucracy",
"bureaucracy"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かんりょー"
},
{
"ipa": "[kã̠n̺ɾʲo̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "官僚"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "gwallyo",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "관료",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "관료"
},
"expansion": "官僚 • (gwallyo) (hangeul 관료)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 2 21 2 2 53 10 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 1 28 1 1 41 14 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "bureaucrat",
"word": "관료"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 관료 (“bureaucrat”)"
],
"id": "en-官僚-ko-noun-0KHy26ir",
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"관료",
"관료#Korean"
],
[
"bureaucrat",
"bureaucrat"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "官僚"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "官僚",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "官僚",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "34 66",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese adjectives in Han script",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of quan liêu (“bureaucracy”)."
],
"id": "en-官僚-vi-noun-ULctb2F2",
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"quan liêu",
"quan liêu#Vietnamese:_官僚"
],
[
"bureaucracy",
"bureaucracy"
]
]
}
],
"word": "官僚"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "官僚",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "官僚",
"name": "vi-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of quan liêu (“bureaucratic”)."
],
"id": "en-官僚-vi-adj-eQYrMG0K",
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"quan liêu",
"quan liêu#Vietnamese:_官僚"
],
[
"bureaucratic",
"bureaucratic"
]
]
}
],
"word": "官僚"
}
{
"categories": [
"Advanced Mandarin",
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 僚",
"Chinese terms spelled with 官",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"zh:Government",
"zh:Organizations",
"zh:People"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "官僚",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "red tape",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "guānliáo xíqì",
"text": "官僚習氣",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "red tape",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "guānliáo xíqì",
"text": "官僚习气",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bureaucratic"
],
"links": [
[
"bureaucratic",
"bureaucratic"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "guānliáo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄢ ㄌㄧㄠˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
},
{
"zh-pron": "koaⁿ-liâu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "guānliáo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄢ ㄌㄧㄠˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "guanliáo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "kuan¹-liao²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "gwān-lyáu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "guanliau"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "гуаньляо"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "guanʹljao"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku̯än⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gūn lìuh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuːn⁵⁵ liːu̯²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "koaⁿ-liâu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kuann-liâu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kvoaliaau"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã³³ liau²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ku̯än⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuːn⁵⁵ liːu̯²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã³³ liau²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²³/"
}
],
"word": "官僚"
}
{
"categories": [
"Advanced Mandarin",
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 僚",
"Chinese terms spelled with 官",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"zh:Government",
"zh:Organizations",
"zh:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "guānliáo zhǔyì",
"word": "官僚主義"
},
{
"roman": "guānliáo zhǔyì",
"word": "官僚主义"
},
{
"roman": "guānliáozhì",
"word": "官僚制"
},
{
"roman": "guānliáohuà",
"word": "官僚化"
},
{
"roman": "jìshù guānliáo",
"word": "技術官僚"
},
{
"roman": "jìshù guānliáo",
"word": "技术官僚"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "官僚",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bureaucrat; apparatchik"
],
"links": [
[
"bureaucrat",
"bureaucrat"
],
[
"apparatchik",
"apparatchik"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bureaucracy; bureaucratism"
],
"links": [
[
"bureaucracy",
"bureaucracy"
],
[
"bureaucratism",
"bureaucratism"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "guānliáo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄢ ㄌㄧㄠˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
},
{
"zh-pron": "koaⁿ-liâu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "guānliáo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄢ ㄌㄧㄠˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "guanliáo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "kuan¹-liao²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "gwān-lyáu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "guanliau"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "гуаньляо"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "guanʹljao"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku̯än⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gūn lìuh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuːn⁵⁵ liːu̯²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "koaⁿ-liâu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kuann-liâu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kvoaliaau"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã³³ liau²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ku̯än⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuːn⁵⁵ liːu̯²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã³³ liau²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²³/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "nèichén",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "內臣"
},
{
"roman": "nèichén",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "内臣"
},
{
"roman": "gōngpú",
"word": "公僕"
},
{
"roman": "gōngpú",
"word": "公仆"
},
{
"roman": "gōngwùyuán",
"word": "公務員"
},
{
"roman": "gōngwùyuán",
"word": "公务员"
},
{
"roman": "gōngzhí rényuán",
"word": "公職人員"
},
{
"roman": "gōngzhí rényuán",
"word": "公职人员"
},
{
"roman": "jūnzǐ",
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese"
],
"word": "君子"
},
{
"roman": "guānlì",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "官吏"
},
{
"roman": "guānyuán",
"word": "官員"
},
{
"roman": "guānyuán",
"word": "官员"
},
{
"roman": "guānhuàn",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "官宦"
},
{
"roman": "huànguān",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "宦官"
},
{
"roman": "yǒusī",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "有司"
},
{
"roman": "in a monarchy",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "臣僚"
},
{
"roman": "guānliáo zhǔyì",
"sense": "bureaucracy",
"word": "官僚主義"
},
{
"roman": "guānliáo zhǔyì",
"sense": "bureaucracy",
"word": "官僚主义"
}
],
"word": "官僚"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms historically spelled with わ",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Business",
"ja:Government"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "官僚",
"ruby": [
[
"官",
"かん"
],
[
"僚",
"りょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kanryō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kwanreu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "くわんれう",
"roman": "kwanreu",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かんりょう",
"hhira": "くわんれう"
},
"expansion": "官(かん)僚(りょう) • (kanryō) ^(←くわんれう (kwanreu)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "kankai",
"ruby": [
[
"官界",
"かんかい"
]
],
"word": "官界"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bureaucrat"
],
"links": [
[
"bureaucrat",
"bureaucrat"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bureaucracy"
],
"links": [
[
"bureaucracy",
"bureaucracy"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かんりょー"
},
{
"ipa": "[kã̠n̺ɾʲo̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "官僚"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "gwallyo",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "관료",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "관료"
},
"expansion": "官僚 • (gwallyo) (hangeul 관료)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean hanja forms",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean nouns in Han script",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "bureaucrat",
"word": "관료"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 관료 (“bureaucrat”)"
],
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"관료",
"관료#Korean"
],
[
"bureaucrat",
"bureaucrat"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "官僚"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese adjectives",
"Vietnamese adjectives in Han script",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns in Han script"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "官僚",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "官僚",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán"
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of quan liêu (“bureaucracy”)."
],
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"quan liêu",
"quan liêu#Vietnamese:_官僚"
],
[
"bureaucracy",
"bureaucracy"
]
]
}
],
"word": "官僚"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese adjectives",
"Vietnamese adjectives in Han script",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns in Han script"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "官僚",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "官僚",
"name": "vi-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán"
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of quan liêu (“bureaucratic”)."
],
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"quan liêu",
"quan liêu#Vietnamese:_官僚"
],
[
"bureaucratic",
"bureaucratic"
]
]
}
],
"word": "官僚"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 官僚 meaning in All languages combined (11.3kB)
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"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
"path": [
"官僚"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "官僚",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"官僚"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "官僚",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/2196",
"msg": "parse_linkage_recurse unhandled NodeKind.URL: <URL(['https://wiki.local/w/index.php?action=edit&title=Thesaurus%3A%E5%AE%98%E5%93%A1'], ['edit']){} >",
"path": [
"官僚"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "官僚",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"官僚"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "官僚",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"官僚"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "官僚",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (58c391d and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.