See 固 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 固 meaning in Chinese (17.7kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "丁固生松"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "不固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "bǎogù",
"word": "保固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "保固期"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "僵固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "nínggù",
"word": "凝固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "凝固劑"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "凝固剂"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "凝固點"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "凝固点"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "北固山"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "北固樓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "北固楼"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固執"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固执"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gùzhíjǐjiàn",
"word": "固執己見"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gùzhíjǐjiàn",
"word": "固执己见"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固壽"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固寿"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固姑"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gùshǒu",
"word": "固守"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固宜"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gùdìng",
"word": "固定"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固定作用"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固定價格"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固定价格"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固定匯率"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固定汇率"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固定成本"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固定格式"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固定液"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固定詞組"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固定词组"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固定資本"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固定资本"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gùdìng zīchǎn",
"word": "固定資產"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gùdìng zīchǎn",
"word": "固定资产"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固定重音"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固徵"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固征"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gùtài",
"word": "固態"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gùtài",
"word": "固态"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Gùlāhémǎ",
"word": "固拉合瑪"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Gùlāhémǎ",
"word": "固拉合玛"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固接"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固時俗"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固时俗"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gùyǒu",
"word": "固有"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固有國籍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固有国籍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固有文化"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固有道德"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gùběn",
"word": "固本"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gùbùzìfēng",
"word": "固步自封"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gùdàn",
"word": "固氮"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gùdàn zuòyòng",
"word": "固氮作用"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gùdànjūn",
"word": "固氮菌"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gùshālín",
"word": "固沙林"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gùrán",
"word": "固然"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固無"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固无"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Gùmǎ",
"word": "固瑪"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Gùmǎ",
"word": "固玛"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gùjí",
"word": "固疾"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gùxiàng",
"word": "固相"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固知"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固窮"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固穷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固節"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固节"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固結"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固结"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固習"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固习"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gùruòjīntāng",
"word": "固若金湯"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gùruòjīntāng",
"word": "固若金汤"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固著"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固着"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固蒂"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固請"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固请"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固讓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固让"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gùcí",
"word": "固辭"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gùcí",
"word": "固辞"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固遜"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固逊"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固金甌"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固金瓯"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gùlòu",
"word": "固陋"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固非"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gùtǐ",
"word": "固體"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gùtǐ",
"word": "固体"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固體潮"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固体潮"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固體電路"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "固体电路"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiāngù",
"word": "堅固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiāngù",
"word": "坚固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "埴固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "安固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "qiǎogùqiú",
"word": "巧固球"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "qiánggù",
"word": "強固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "qiánggù",
"word": "强固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "恪固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "持祿固寵"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "持禄固宠"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "推亡固存"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "擁兵自固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "拥兵自固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "zéshàngùzhí",
"word": "擇善固執"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "zéshàngùzhí",
"word": "择善固执"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "běngùzhīróng",
"word": "本固枝榮"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "běngùzhīróng",
"word": "本固枝荣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "根深固本"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "根深柢固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gēnshēndìgù",
"word": "根深蒂固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "欲取固與"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "欲取固与"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "shēngēngùběn",
"word": "深根固本"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "深根固柢"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "深根固蒂"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "深閉固距"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "深闭固距"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "滯固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "滞固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "láogù",
"word": "牢固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "理固當然"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "理固当然"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "盤固草"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "盘固草"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "盤石之固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "盘石之固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "磐石之固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "稽固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "wěngù",
"word": "穩固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "wěngù",
"word": "稳固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lǎowángù",
"word": "老頑固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lǎowángù",
"word": "老顽固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "膠固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "胶固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dǎngùchún",
"word": "膽固醇"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dǎngùchún",
"word": "胆固醇"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "藏舟難固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "藏舟难固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "血液凝固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Yùgùzú",
"word": "裕固族"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "補氣固表"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "补气固表"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "覆盂之固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "fùgù",
"word": "負固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "fùgù",
"word": "负固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "zhēngù",
"word": "貞固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "zhēngù",
"word": "贞固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "負固不悛"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "负固不悛"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "負固不服"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "负固不服"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chāogùtài",
"word": "超固態"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chāogùtài",
"word": "超固态"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "鄙固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "防固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "xiǎngù",
"word": "險固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "xiǎngù",
"word": "险固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "靳固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gǒnggù",
"word": "鞏固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gǒnggù",
"word": "巩固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "wángù",
"word": "頑固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "wángù",
"word": "顽固"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lèigùchún",
"word": "類固醇"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lèigùchún",
"word": "类固醇"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "sit-pro",
"3": "*r-ka",
"4": "",
"5": "earth; ground; soil"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ka (“earth; ground; soil”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kac",
"2": "ga",
"3": "",
"4": "earth"
},
"expansion": "Jingpho ga (“earth”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grt",
"2": "ha",
"3": "",
"4": "earth"
},
"expansion": "Garo ha (“earth”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "STEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ka (“earth; ground; soil”). Compare Jingpho ga (“earth”), Garo ha (“earth”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "固",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "stable",
"roman": "wěngù",
"text": "穩固／稳固",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to strengthen",
"roman": "jiāgù",
"text": "加固",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "如是，則兵勁城固，敵國畏之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "如是，则兵劲城固，敌国畏之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: Xunzi, c. 3ʳᵈ century BCE\nRúshì, zé bīng jìn chéng gù, díguó wèi zhī. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"firm; solid; strong"
],
"id": "en-固-zh-character-bLgm9Rsx",
"links": [
[
"firm",
"firm"
],
[
"solid",
"solid"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "solid",
"roman": "gùtǐ",
"text": "固體／固体",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to set; to solidify",
"roman": "nínggù",
"text": "凝固",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"solid"
],
"id": "en-固-zh-character-Sz1KDdcy",
"links": [
[
"solid",
"solid"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to strengthen the foundation",
"roman": "gùběn",
"text": "固本",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to solidify; to strengthen"
],
"id": "en-固-zh-character-o5C2gMNU",
"links": [
[
"solidify",
"solidify"
],
[
"strengthen",
"strengthen"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "stubborn",
"roman": "wángù",
"text": "頑固／顽固",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stubborn"
],
"id": "en-固-zh-character-NPmhh66u",
"links": [
[
"stubborn",
"stubborn"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to firmly decline",
"roman": "gùcí",
"text": "固辭／固辞",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"firmly"
],
"id": "en-固-zh-character-gtiM6-rX",
"links": [
[
"firmly",
"firmly"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The King looked at Yanzi and said, \"Have people of Chu always liked to steal?\"",
"ref": "王視晏子曰：「齊人固善盜乎？」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "王视晏子曰：「齐人固善盗乎？」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: c. 578–500 BC, Yan Ying, 《晏子春秋》\nWáng shì yànzǐ yuē: “Qí rén gù shàn dào hū?” [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Your servant (I) knew in the first place that it was your Majesty's not being able to bear the sight [which made you do as you did].",
"ref": "臣固知王之不忍也。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]",
"text": "From: Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE\nChén gù zhī wáng zhī bùrěn yě. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in the first place; all along"
],
"id": "en-固-zh-character-43z3i-vi",
"links": [
[
"in the first place",
"in the first place"
],
[
"all along",
"all along"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) in the first place; all along"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 6 2 1 0 0 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "A small country certainly cannot contend with a great, few certainly cannot contend with many, and the weak certainly cannot contend with the strong.",
"ref": "然則小固不可以敵大，寡固不可以敵眾，弱固不可以敵彊。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "然则小固不可以敌大，寡固不可以敌众，弱固不可以敌强。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE\nRánzé xiǎo gù bù kěyǐ dí dà, guǎ gù bù kěyǐ dí zhòng, ruò gù bù kěyǐ dí qiáng. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Zhuangzi replied, 'You were indeed stupid, my master, in the use of what was large.'",
"ref": "莊子曰：「夫子固拙於用大矣。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "庄子曰：「夫子固拙于用大矣。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE\nZhuāngzǐ yuē: “Fūzǐ gù zhuō yú yòng dà yǐ.” [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"no doubt"
],
"id": "en-固-zh-character-vn6INCCZ",
"links": [
[
"no doubt",
"no doubt"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) no doubt"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gu⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gu³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "gu¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ku"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "gu⁴"
},
{
"zh-pron": "gu̿"
},
{
"zh-pron": "gó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kò͘"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "gu³"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁵ku"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "gù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "ku⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "guh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "гу"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "gu"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gu³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gu³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "gu³"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuː³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "gu¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ku"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "gu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "gu⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ku⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Jian'ou",
"Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"
],
"zh-pron": "gu̿"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku³³/",
"tags": [
"Jian'ou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "gó"
},
{
"ipa": "/kou²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kòo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kox"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "kù"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁵ku"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "ku^去"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "²ku"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/ku³⁴/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "kuH"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*[k]ˤa-s/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*kaːs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuː³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kou²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku³⁴/"
},
{
"other": "[k]"
},
{
"other": "/*kaːs/"
}
],
"word": "固"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese Han characters",
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese adverbs",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan",
"Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Eastern Min adjectives",
"Eastern Min adverbs",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Eastern Min nouns",
"Eastern Min verbs",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Northern Min adjectives",
"Northern Min adverbs",
"Northern Min lemmas",
"Northern Min nouns",
"Northern Min verbs",
"Old Chinese lemmas"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "丁固生松"
},
{
"word": "不固"
},
{
"roman": "bǎogù",
"word": "保固"
},
{
"word": "保固期"
},
{
"word": "僵固"
},
{
"roman": "nínggù",
"word": "凝固"
},
{
"word": "凝固劑"
},
{
"word": "凝固剂"
},
{
"word": "凝固點"
},
{
"word": "凝固点"
},
{
"word": "北固山"
},
{
"word": "北固樓"
},
{
"word": "北固楼"
},
{
"word": "固執"
},
{
"word": "固执"
},
{
"roman": "gùzhíjǐjiàn",
"word": "固執己見"
},
{
"roman": "gùzhíjǐjiàn",
"word": "固执己见"
},
{
"word": "固壽"
},
{
"word": "固寿"
},
{
"word": "固姑"
},
{
"roman": "gùshǒu",
"word": "固守"
},
{
"word": "固宜"
},
{
"roman": "gùdìng",
"word": "固定"
},
{
"word": "固定作用"
},
{
"word": "固定價格"
},
{
"word": "固定价格"
},
{
"word": "固定匯率"
},
{
"word": "固定汇率"
},
{
"word": "固定成本"
},
{
"word": "固定格式"
},
{
"word": "固定液"
},
{
"word": "固定詞組"
},
{
"word": "固定词组"
},
{
"word": "固定資本"
},
{
"word": "固定资本"
},
{
"roman": "gùdìng zīchǎn",
"word": "固定資產"
},
{
"roman": "gùdìng zīchǎn",
"word": "固定资产"
},
{
"word": "固定重音"
},
{
"word": "固徵"
},
{
"word": "固征"
},
{
"roman": "gùtài",
"word": "固態"
},
{
"roman": "gùtài",
"word": "固态"
},
{
"roman": "Gùlāhémǎ",
"word": "固拉合瑪"
},
{
"roman": "Gùlāhémǎ",
"word": "固拉合玛"
},
{
"word": "固接"
},
{
"word": "固時俗"
},
{
"word": "固时俗"
},
{
"roman": "gùyǒu",
"word": "固有"
},
{
"word": "固有國籍"
},
{
"word": "固有国籍"
},
{
"word": "固有文化"
},
{
"word": "固有道德"
},
{
"roman": "gùběn",
"word": "固本"
},
{
"roman": "gùbùzìfēng",
"word": "固步自封"
},
{
"roman": "gùdàn",
"word": "固氮"
},
{
"roman": "gùdàn zuòyòng",
"word": "固氮作用"
},
{
"roman": "gùdànjūn",
"word": "固氮菌"
},
{
"roman": "gùshālín",
"word": "固沙林"
},
{
"roman": "gùrán",
"word": "固然"
},
{
"word": "固無"
},
{
"word": "固无"
},
{
"roman": "Gùmǎ",
"word": "固瑪"
},
{
"roman": "Gùmǎ",
"word": "固玛"
},
{
"roman": "gùjí",
"word": "固疾"
},
{
"roman": "gùxiàng",
"word": "固相"
},
{
"word": "固知"
},
{
"word": "固窮"
},
{
"word": "固穷"
},
{
"word": "固節"
},
{
"word": "固节"
},
{
"word": "固結"
},
{
"word": "固结"
},
{
"word": "固習"
},
{
"word": "固习"
},
{
"roman": "gùruòjīntāng",
"word": "固若金湯"
},
{
"roman": "gùruòjīntāng",
"word": "固若金汤"
},
{
"word": "固著"
},
{
"word": "固着"
},
{
"word": "固蒂"
},
{
"word": "固請"
},
{
"word": "固请"
},
{
"word": "固讓"
},
{
"word": "固让"
},
{
"roman": "gùcí",
"word": "固辭"
},
{
"roman": "gùcí",
"word": "固辞"
},
{
"word": "固遜"
},
{
"word": "固逊"
},
{
"word": "固金甌"
},
{
"word": "固金瓯"
},
{
"roman": "gùlòu",
"word": "固陋"
},
{
"word": "固非"
},
{
"roman": "gùtǐ",
"word": "固體"
},
{
"roman": "gùtǐ",
"word": "固体"
},
{
"word": "固體潮"
},
{
"word": "固体潮"
},
{
"word": "固體電路"
},
{
"word": "固体电路"
},
{
"roman": "jiāngù",
"word": "堅固"
},
{
"roman": "jiāngù",
"word": "坚固"
},
{
"word": "埴固"
},
{
"word": "安固"
},
{
"roman": "qiǎogùqiú",
"word": "巧固球"
},
{
"roman": "qiánggù",
"word": "強固"
},
{
"roman": "qiánggù",
"word": "强固"
},
{
"word": "恪固"
},
{
"word": "持祿固寵"
},
{
"word": "持禄固宠"
},
{
"word": "推亡固存"
},
{
"word": "擁兵自固"
},
{
"word": "拥兵自固"
},
{
"roman": "zéshàngùzhí",
"word": "擇善固執"
},
{
"roman": "zéshàngùzhí",
"word": "择善固执"
},
{
"roman": "běngùzhīróng",
"word": "本固枝榮"
},
{
"roman": "běngùzhīróng",
"word": "本固枝荣"
},
{
"word": "根深固本"
},
{
"word": "根深柢固"
},
{
"roman": "gēnshēndìgù",
"word": "根深蒂固"
},
{
"word": "欲取固與"
},
{
"word": "欲取固与"
},
{
"roman": "shēngēngùběn",
"word": "深根固本"
},
{
"word": "深根固柢"
},
{
"word": "深根固蒂"
},
{
"word": "深閉固距"
},
{
"word": "深闭固距"
},
{
"word": "滯固"
},
{
"word": "滞固"
},
{
"roman": "láogù",
"word": "牢固"
},
{
"word": "理固當然"
},
{
"word": "理固当然"
},
{
"word": "盤固草"
},
{
"word": "盘固草"
},
{
"word": "盤石之固"
},
{
"word": "盘石之固"
},
{
"word": "磐石之固"
},
{
"word": "稽固"
},
{
"roman": "wěngù",
"word": "穩固"
},
{
"roman": "wěngù",
"word": "稳固"
},
{
"roman": "lǎowángù",
"word": "老頑固"
},
{
"roman": "lǎowángù",
"word": "老顽固"
},
{
"word": "膠固"
},
{
"word": "胶固"
},
{
"roman": "dǎngùchún",
"word": "膽固醇"
},
{
"roman": "dǎngùchún",
"word": "胆固醇"
},
{
"word": "藏舟難固"
},
{
"word": "藏舟难固"
},
{
"word": "血液凝固"
},
{
"roman": "Yùgùzú",
"word": "裕固族"
},
{
"word": "補氣固表"
},
{
"word": "补气固表"
},
{
"word": "覆盂之固"
},
{
"roman": "fùgù",
"word": "負固"
},
{
"roman": "fùgù",
"word": "负固"
},
{
"roman": "zhēngù",
"word": "貞固"
},
{
"roman": "zhēngù",
"word": "贞固"
},
{
"word": "負固不悛"
},
{
"word": "负固不悛"
},
{
"word": "負固不服"
},
{
"word": "负固不服"
},
{
"roman": "chāogùtài",
"word": "超固態"
},
{
"roman": "chāogùtài",
"word": "超固态"
},
{
"word": "鄙固"
},
{
"word": "防固"
},
{
"roman": "xiǎngù",
"word": "險固"
},
{
"roman": "xiǎngù",
"word": "险固"
},
{
"word": "靳固"
},
{
"roman": "gǒnggù",
"word": "鞏固"
},
{
"roman": "gǒnggù",
"word": "巩固"
},
{
"roman": "wángù",
"word": "頑固"
},
{
"roman": "wángù",
"word": "顽固"
},
{
"roman": "lèigùchún",
"word": "類固醇"
},
{
"roman": "lèigùchún",
"word": "类固醇"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "sit-pro",
"3": "*r-ka",
"4": "",
"5": "earth; ground; soil"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ka (“earth; ground; soil”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kac",
"2": "ga",
"3": "",
"4": "earth"
},
"expansion": "Jingpho ga (“earth”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grt",
"2": "ha",
"3": "",
"4": "earth"
},
"expansion": "Garo ha (“earth”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "STEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ka (“earth; ground; soil”). Compare Jingpho ga (“earth”), Garo ha (“earth”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "固",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations",
"Mandarin terms with usage examples",
"Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "stable",
"roman": "wěngù",
"text": "穩固／稳固",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to strengthen",
"roman": "jiāgù",
"text": "加固",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "如是，則兵勁城固，敵國畏之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "如是，则兵劲城固，敌国畏之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: Xunzi, c. 3ʳᵈ century BCE\nRúshì, zé bīng jìn chéng gù, díguó wèi zhī. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"firm; solid; strong"
],
"links": [
[
"firm",
"firm"
],
[
"solid",
"solid"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "solid",
"roman": "gùtǐ",
"text": "固體／固体",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to set; to solidify",
"roman": "nínggù",
"text": "凝固",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"solid"
],
"links": [
[
"solid",
"solid"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to strengthen the foundation",
"roman": "gùběn",
"text": "固本",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to solidify; to strengthen"
],
"links": [
[
"solidify",
"solidify"
],
[
"strengthen",
"strengthen"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "stubborn",
"roman": "wángù",
"text": "頑固／顽固",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stubborn"
],
"links": [
[
"stubborn",
"stubborn"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to firmly decline",
"roman": "gùcí",
"text": "固辭／固辞",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"firmly"
],
"links": [
[
"firmly",
"firmly"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Chinese literary terms",
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The King looked at Yanzi and said, \"Have people of Chu always liked to steal?\"",
"ref": "王視晏子曰：「齊人固善盜乎？」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "王视晏子曰：「齐人固善盗乎？」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: c. 578–500 BC, Yan Ying, 《晏子春秋》\nWáng shì yànzǐ yuē: “Qí rén gù shàn dào hū?” [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Your servant (I) knew in the first place that it was your Majesty's not being able to bear the sight [which made you do as you did].",
"ref": "臣固知王之不忍也。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]",
"text": "From: Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE\nChén gù zhī wáng zhī bùrěn yě. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in the first place; all along"
],
"links": [
[
"in the first place",
"in the first place"
],
[
"all along",
"all along"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) in the first place; all along"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Chinese literary terms",
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "A small country certainly cannot contend with a great, few certainly cannot contend with many, and the weak certainly cannot contend with the strong.",
"ref": "然則小固不可以敵大，寡固不可以敵眾，弱固不可以敵彊。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "然则小固不可以敌大，寡固不可以敌众，弱固不可以敌强。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE\nRánzé xiǎo gù bù kěyǐ dí dà, guǎ gù bù kěyǐ dí zhòng, ruò gù bù kěyǐ dí qiáng. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Zhuangzi replied, 'You were indeed stupid, my master, in the use of what was large.'",
"ref": "莊子曰：「夫子固拙於用大矣。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "庄子曰：「夫子固拙于用大矣。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE\nZhuāngzǐ yuē: “Fūzǐ gù zhuō yú yòng dà yǐ.” [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"no doubt"
],
"links": [
[
"no doubt",
"no doubt"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) no doubt"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gu⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gu³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "gu¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ku"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "gu⁴"
},
{
"zh-pron": "gu̿"
},
{
"zh-pron": "gó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kò͘"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "gu³"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁵ku"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "gù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "ku⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "guh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "гу"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "gu"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gu³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gu³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "gu³"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuː³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "gu¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ku"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "gu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "gu⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ku⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Jian'ou",
"Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"
],
"zh-pron": "gu̿"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku³³/",
"tags": [
"Jian'ou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "gó"
},
{
"ipa": "/kou²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kòo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kox"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "kù"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁵ku"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "ku^去"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "²ku"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/ku³⁴/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "kuH"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*[k]ˤa-s/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*kaːs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuː³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kou²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku³⁴/"
},
{
"other": "[k]"
},
{
"other": "/*kaːs/"
}
],
"word": "固"
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Northern Min (KCR)'",
"path": [
"固"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "固",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min (BUC)'",
"path": [
"固"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "固",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"固"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "固",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min'",
"path": [
"固"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "固",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"固"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "固",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Northern)'",
"path": [
"固"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "固",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Northern Min'",
"path": [
"固"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "固",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'MiniDict'",
"path": [
"固"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "固",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"固"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "固",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Sinological IPA (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"固"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "固",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wugniu'",
"path": [
"固"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "固",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"固"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "固",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Shanghai):'",
"path": [
"固"
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"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "固",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
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"path": [
"固"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "固",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.