See usage on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for usage meaning in All languages combined (23.0kB)
{ "derived": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0", "word": "ill-usage" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0", "word": "usage dictionary" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0", "word": "usage guide" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0", "word": "usage label" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0", "word": "usage lexicography" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0", "word": "usage note" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0", "word": "usage panel" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0", "word": "usage share" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "usage" }, "expansion": "Middle English usage", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "xno", "3": "-" }, "expansion": "Anglo-Norman", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "usage" }, "expansion": "Old French usage", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle English usage, from Anglo-Norman and Old French usage.", "forms": [ { "form": "usages", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "~" }, "expansion": "usage (countable and uncountable, plural usages)", "name": "en-noun" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "_dis": "11 11 26 26 26", "kind": "other", "name": "English entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "13 13 16 16 16 1 14 6 1 4", "kind": "other", "name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1792, James Boswell, in Danziger & Brady (eds.), Boswell: The Great Biographer (Journals 1789–1795), Yale 1989, p. 170", "text": "[S]everal young people sung sacred music in the churchyard at night, which it seems is an usage here." } ], "glosses": [ "Habit, practice.", "A custom or established practice." ], "id": "en-usage-en-noun-Sll0P93U", "links": [ [ "custom", "custom" ], [ "practice", "practice" ] ], "tags": [ "countable", "uncountable" ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "11 11 26 26 26", "kind": "other", "name": "English entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "13 13 16 16 16 1 14 6 1 4", "kind": "other", "name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "Habit, practice.", "Custom, tradition." ], "id": "en-usage-en-noun-GotGnDxq", "links": [ [ "Custom", "custom" ], [ "tradition", "tradition" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "Habit, practice.", "(uncountable) Custom, tradition." ], "tags": [ "uncountable" ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "11 11 26 26 26", "kind": "other", "name": "English entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "13 13 16 16 16 1 14 6 1 4", "kind": "other", "name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "Utilization.", "The act of using something; use, employment." ], "id": "en-usage-en-noun-WkIddSaT", "links": [ [ "act", "act" ], [ "using", "using" ], [ "use", "use" ], [ "employment", "employment" ] ], "tags": [ "countable", "uncountable" ], "translations": [ { "_dis1": "2 2 58 19 19", "code": "as", "lang": "Assamese", "roman": "byowohar", "sense": "act of using something; use", "word": "ব্যৱহাৰ" }, { "_dis1": "2 2 58 19 19", "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "upotreba", "sense": "act of using something; use", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "употреба" }, { "_dis1": "2 2 58 19 19", "code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "act of using something; use", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "ús" }, { "_dis1": "2 2 58 19 19", "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "yòngfǎ", "sense": "act of using something; use", "word": "用法" }, { "_dis1": "2 2 58 19 19", "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "act of using something; use", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "gebruik" }, { "_dis1": "2 2 58 19 19", "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "act of using something; use", "word": "käyttö" }, { "_dis1": "2 2 58 19 19", "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "act of using something; use", "word": "käsittely" }, { "_dis1": "2 2 58 19 19", "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "act of using something; use", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "usage" }, { "_dis1": "2 2 58 19 19", "code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "act of using something; use", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "emprego" }, { "_dis1": "2 2 58 19 19", "code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "act of using something; use", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "uso" }, { "_dis1": "2 2 58 19 19", "code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "gamoq̇eneba", "sense": "act of using something; use", "word": "გამოყენება" }, { "_dis1": "2 2 58 19 19", "code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "sargebloba", "sense": "act of using something; use", "word": "სარგებლობა" }, { "_dis1": "2 2 58 19 19", "code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "moxmareba", "sense": "act of using something; use", "word": "მოხმარება" }, { "_dis1": "2 2 58 19 19", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "act of using something; use", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Verwendung" }, { "_dis1": "2 2 58 19 19", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "act of using something; use", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Benutzung" }, { "_dis1": "2 2 58 19 19", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "act of using something; use", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Anwendung" }, { "_dis1": "2 2 58 19 19", "code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "khrêsis", "sense": "act of using something; use", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "χρῆσις" }, { "_dis1": "2 2 58 19 19", "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "act of using something; use", "word": "használat" }, { "_dis1": "2 2 58 19 19", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "tsukaikata", "sense": "act of using something; use", "word": "使い方" }, { "_dis1": "2 2 58 19 19", "code": "kk", "lang": "Kazakh", "roman": "qoldanys", "sense": "act of using something; use", "word": "қолданыс" }, { "_dis1": "2 2 58 19 19", "code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "act of using something; use", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "ūsus" }, { "_dis1": "2 2 58 19 19", "code": "ml", "lang": "Malayalam", "roman": "viniyōgaṁ", "sense": "act of using something; use", "word": "വിനിയോഗം" }, { "_dis1": "2 2 58 19 19", "code": "ml", "lang": "Malayalam", "roman": "upayōgaṁ", "sense": "act of using something; use", "word": "ഉപയോഗം" }, { "_dis1": "2 2 58 19 19", "code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "act of using something; use", "word": "whakamahinga" }, { "_dis1": "2 2 58 19 19", "code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "act of using something; use", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "bruksområde" }, { "_dis1": "2 2 58 19 19", "code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "kârbord", "sense": "act of using something; use", "word": "کاربرد" }, { "_dis1": "2 2 58 19 19", "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "act of using something; use", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "użycie" }, { "_dis1": "2 2 58 19 19", "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "act of using something; use", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "uso" }, { "_dis1": "2 2 58 19 19", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "ispólʹzovanije", "sense": "act of using something; use", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "испо́льзование" }, { "_dis1": "2 2 58 19 19", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "primenénije", "sense": "act of using something; use", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "примене́ние" }, { "_dis1": "2 2 58 19 19", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "obraščénije", "sense": "act of using something; use", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "обраще́ние" }, { "_dis1": "2 2 58 19 19", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "upotreblénije", "sense": "act of using something; use", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "употребле́ние" }, { "_dis1": "2 2 58 19 19", "code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "viniyogaḥ", "sense": "act of using something; use", "word": "विनियोगः" }, { "_dis1": "2 2 58 19 19", "code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "act of using something; use", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "upotreba" }, { "_dis1": "2 2 58 19 19", "code": "syl", "lang": "Sylheti", "roman": "beboar", "sense": "act of using something; use", "word": "ꠛꠦꠛꠀꠞ" }, { "_dis1": "2 2 58 19 19", "code": "syl", "lang": "Sylheti", "roman": "istemal", "sense": "act of using something; use", "word": "ꠁꠍ꠆ꠔꠦꠝꠣꠟ" } ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "11 11 26 26 26", "kind": "other", "name": "English entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "13 13 16 16 16 1 14 6 1 4", "kind": "other", "name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "Utilization.", "The established custom of using language; the ways and contexts in which spoken and written words are used, especially by a certain group of people or in a certain region." ], "id": "en-usage-en-noun-en:language", "links": [ [ "language", "language" ] ], "senseid": [ "en:language" ], "tags": [ "countable", "uncountable" ], "translations": [ { "_dis1": "14 14 19 34 19", "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "upotreba", "sense": "the way words are spoken or written in a community", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "употреба" }, { "_dis1": "14 14 19 34 19", "code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "the way words are spoken or written in a community", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "jazyková praxe" }, { "_dis1": "14 14 19 34 19", "code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "the way words are spoken or written in a community", "word": "lingvaĵo" }, { "_dis1": "14 14 19 34 19", "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "the way words are spoken or written in a community", "word": "kielenkäyttö" }, { "_dis1": "14 14 19 34 19", "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "the way words are spoken or written in a community", "word": "puhetapa" }, { "_dis1": "14 14 19 34 19", "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "the way words are spoken or written in a community", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "usage" }, { "_dis1": "14 14 19 34 19", "code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "the way words are spoken or written in a community", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "emprego" }, { "_dis1": "14 14 19 34 19", "code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "the way words are spoken or written in a community", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "uso" }, { "_dis1": "14 14 19 34 19", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "the way words are spoken or written in a community", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "Gebrauch" }, { "_dis1": "14 14 19 34 19", "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "the way words are spoken or written in a community", "word": "szóhasználat" }, { "_dis1": "14 14 19 34 19", "code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "the way words are spoken or written in a community", "word": "praktik berbahasa" }, { "_dis1": "14 14 19 34 19", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "tsukaikata", "sense": "the way words are spoken or written in a community", "word": "使い方" }, { "_dis1": "14 14 19 34 19", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "yōhō", "sense": "the way words are spoken or written in a community", "word": "用法" }, { "_dis1": "14 14 19 34 19", "code": "ml", "lang": "Malayalam", "roman": "upayōgarīti", "sense": "the way words are spoken or written in a community", "word": "ഉപയോഗരീതി" }, { "_dis1": "14 14 19 34 19", "code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "the way words are spoken or written in a community", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "bruk" }, { "_dis1": "14 14 19 34 19", "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "the way words are spoken or written in a community", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "praktyka językowa" }, { "_dis1": "14 14 19 34 19", "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "the way words are spoken or written in a community", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "uzus językowy" }, { "_dis1": "14 14 19 34 19", "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "the way words are spoken or written in a community", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "emprego" }, { "_dis1": "14 14 19 34 19", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "upotreblénije", "sense": "the way words are spoken or written in a community", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "употребле́ние" }, { "_dis1": "14 14 19 34 19", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "jazykovaja praktika", "sense": "the way words are spoken or written in a community", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "языковая практика" }, { "_dis1": "14 14 19 34 19", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "slovoupotreblenije", "sense": "the way words are spoken or written in a community", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "словоупотребление" }, { "_dis1": "14 14 19 34 19", "code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "the way words are spoken or written in a community", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "jezična uporaba" }, { "_dis1": "14 14 19 34 19", "code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "the way words are spoken or written in a community", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "jezična praksa" }, { "_dis1": "14 14 19 34 19", "code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "the way words are spoken or written in a community", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "jezična izvedba" }, { "_dis1": "14 14 19 34 19", "code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "the way words are spoken or written in a community", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "jazyková prax" } ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "11 11 26 26 26", "kind": "other", "name": "English entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "13 13 16 16 16 1 14 6 1 4", "kind": "other", "name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "Utilization.", "Action towards someone; treatment, especially in negative sense." ], "id": "en-usage-en-noun-wtgU4FBv", "links": [ [ "treatment", "treatment" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "Utilization.", "(now archaic) Action towards someone; treatment, especially in negative sense." ], "tags": [ "archaic", "countable", "uncountable" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈjuːsɪd͡ʒ/" }, { "ipa": "/ˈjuːzɪd͡ʒ/" }, { "audio": "En-us-usage.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/En-us-usage.ogg/En-us-usage.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/En-us-usage.ogg", "tags": [ "US" ], "text": "Audio (US)" } ], "synonyms": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0", "tags": [ "obsolete" ], "word": "usuage" } ], "translations": [ { "_dis1": "45 45 2 5 2", "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "običaj", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "обичай" }, { "_dis1": "45 45 2 5 2", "code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "ús" }, { "_dis1": "45 45 2 5 2", "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "word": "習慣" }, { "_dis1": "45 45 2 5 2", "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "xíguàn", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "word": "习惯" }, { "_dis1": "45 45 2 5 2", "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "word": "käytäntö" }, { "_dis1": "45 45 2 5 2", "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "coutume" }, { "_dis1": "45 45 2 5 2", "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "word": "usage" }, { "_dis1": "45 45 2 5 2", "code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "uso" }, { "_dis1": "45 45 2 5 2", "code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "usanza" }, { "_dis1": "45 45 2 5 2", "code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "hábito" }, { "_dis1": "45 45 2 5 2", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "Brauch" }, { "_dis1": "45 45 2 5 2", "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "word": "szokás" }, { "_dis1": "45 45 2 5 2", "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "word": "gyakorlat" }, { "_dis1": "45 45 2 5 2", "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "word": "uso" }, { "_dis1": "45 45 2 5 2", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "tsukaikata", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "word": "使い方" }, { "_dis1": "45 45 2 5 2", "alt": "しゅうかん", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "shūkan", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "word": "習慣" }, { "_dis1": "45 45 2 5 2", "code": "ml", "lang": "Malayalam", "roman": "upayōgaṁ", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "word": "ഉപയോഗം" }, { "_dis1": "45 45 2 5 2", "code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "anvendelse" }, { "_dis1": "45 45 2 5 2", "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "zwyczaj" }, { "_dis1": "45 45 2 5 2", "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "praktyka" }, { "_dis1": "45 45 2 5 2", "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "uzus" }, { "_dis1": "45 45 2 5 2", "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "emprego" }, { "_dis1": "45 45 2 5 2", "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "word": "uso" }, { "_dis1": "45 45 2 5 2", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "obýčaj", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "обы́чай" }, { "_dis1": "45 45 2 5 2", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "obyknovénije", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "обыкнове́ние" }, { "_dis1": "45 45 2 5 2", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "privýčka", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "привы́чка" }, { "_dis1": "45 45 2 5 2", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "tradícija", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "тради́ция" }, { "_dis1": "45 45 2 5 2", "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "word": "uso" }, { "_dis1": "45 45 2 5 2", "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "word": "usanza" } ], "wikipedia": [ "usage" ], "word": "usage" } { "derived": [ { "_dis1": "0 0", "word": "d’usage" }, { "_dis1": "0 0", "word": "en usage" }, { "_dis1": "0 0", "word": "faire usage" }, { "_dis1": "0 0", "word": "hors d’usage" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "fr", "2": "la", "3": "ūsus" }, "expansion": "Latin ūsus", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "fr", "2": "-age" }, "expansion": "-age", "name": "af" }, { "args": { "1": "fr", "2": "ML.", "3": "usagium" }, "expansion": "Medieval Latin usagium", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "From Latin ūsus + -age. Compare Medieval Latin usagium.", "forms": [ { "form": "usages", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "m" }, "expansion": "usage m (plural usages)", "name": "fr-noun" } ], "lang": "French", "lang_code": "fr", "pos": "noun", "related": [ { "_dis1": "0 0", "word": "usager" }, { "_dis1": "0 0", "word": "descriptif" }, { "_dis1": "0 0", "word": "normatif" } ], "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "usage, use" ], "id": "en-usage-fr-noun-wQ6pL7mV", "links": [ [ "usage", "usage#English" ], [ "use", "use" ] ], "tags": [ "masculine" ] }, { "categories": [ { "kind": "topical", "langcode": "fr", "name": "Lexicography", "orig": "fr:Lexicography", "parents": [ "Linguistics", "Language", "Social sciences", "Communication", "Sciences", "Society", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w" }, { "_dis": "13 13 16 16 16 1 14 6 1 4", "kind": "other", "name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "6 94", "kind": "other", "name": "French entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "24 76", "kind": "other", "name": "French terms suffixed with -age", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "the ways and contexts in which spoken and written words are actually used, determined by a lexicographer's intuition or from corpus analysis (as opposed to correct or proper use of language, proclaimed by some authority)" ], "id": "en-usage-fr-noun--ygMCTbm", "links": [ [ "lexicography", "lexicography" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(lexicography) the ways and contexts in which spoken and written words are actually used, determined by a lexicographer's intuition or from corpus analysis (as opposed to correct or proper use of language, proclaimed by some authority)" ], "tags": [ "masculine" ], "topics": [ "human-sciences", "lexicography", "linguistics", "sciences" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/y.zaʒ/" }, { "audio": "Fr-usage.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/Fr-usage.ogg/Fr-usage.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Fr-usage.ogg", "text": "audio" } ], "word": "usage" } { "forms": [ { "form": "usages", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "frm", "10": "{{{f}}}", "11": "", "12": "{{{f}}}s", "2": "noun", "3": "", "4": "", "5": "plural", "6": "usages", "7": "", "8": "{{{pl2}}}", "9": "", "f1accel-form": "p", "g": "m", "g2": "", "head": "", "sort": "" }, "expansion": "usage m (plural usages)", "name": "head" }, { "args": { "1": "m" }, "expansion": "usage m (plural usages)", "name": "frm-noun" } ], "lang": "Middle French", "lang_code": "frm", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Middle French entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "habit; custom" ], "id": "en-usage-frm-noun-RRhVDJev", "links": [ [ "habit", "habit" ], [ "custom", "custom" ] ], "tags": [ "masculine" ] } ], "word": "usage" } { "forms": [ { "form": "usage oblique singular or", "tags": [ "canonical", "masculine" ] }, { "form": "usages", "tags": [ "oblique", "plural" ] }, { "form": "usages", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "usage", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "m" }, "expansion": "usage oblique singular, m (oblique plural usages, nominative singular usages, nominative plural usage)", "name": "fro-noun" } ], "lang": "Old French", "lang_code": "fro", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "usage; use" ], "id": "en-usage-fro-noun-PknRWyv~", "links": [ [ "usage", "usage#English" ], [ "use", "use" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "habit; custom" ], "id": "en-usage-fro-noun-RRhVDJev", "links": [ [ "habit", "habit" ], [ "custom", "custom" ] ] } ], "word": "usage" }
{ "categories": [ "English 2-syllable words", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Anglo-Norman", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old French", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms with IPA pronunciation", "English terms with audio links", "English uncountable nouns", "Old French entries with incorrect language header", "Old French lemmas", "Old French masculine nouns", "Old French nouns", "Requests for review of Dutch translations", "Requests for review of German translations", "Requests for review of Indonesian translations", "Requests for review of Italian translations", "Requests for review of Latvian translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations" ], "derived": [ { "word": "ill-usage" }, { "word": "usage dictionary" }, { "word": "usage guide" }, { "word": "usage label" }, { "word": "usage lexicography" }, { "word": "usage note" }, { "word": "usage panel" }, { "word": "usage share" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "usage" }, "expansion": "Middle English usage", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "xno", "3": "-" }, "expansion": "Anglo-Norman", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "usage" }, "expansion": "Old French usage", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle English usage, from Anglo-Norman and Old French usage.", "forms": [ { "form": "usages", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "~" }, "expansion": "usage (countable and uncountable, plural usages)", "name": "en-noun" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "examples": [ { "ref": "1792, James Boswell, in Danziger & Brady (eds.), Boswell: The Great Biographer (Journals 1789–1795), Yale 1989, p. 170", "text": "[S]everal young people sung sacred music in the churchyard at night, which it seems is an usage here." } ], "glosses": [ "Habit, practice.", "A custom or established practice." ], "links": [ [ "custom", "custom" ], [ "practice", "practice" ] ], "tags": [ "countable", "uncountable" ] }, { "categories": [ "English uncountable nouns" ], "glosses": [ "Habit, practice.", "Custom, tradition." ], "links": [ [ "Custom", "custom" ], [ "tradition", "tradition" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "Habit, practice.", "(uncountable) Custom, tradition." ], "tags": [ "uncountable" ] }, { "glosses": [ "Utilization.", "The act of using something; use, employment." ], "links": [ [ "act", "act" ], [ "using", "using" ], [ "use", "use" ], [ "employment", "employment" ] ], "tags": [ "countable", "uncountable" ] }, { "glosses": [ "Utilization.", "The established custom of using language; the ways and contexts in which spoken and written words are used, especially by a certain group of people or in a certain region." ], "links": [ [ "language", "language" ] ], "senseid": [ "en:language" ], "tags": [ "countable", "uncountable" ] }, { "categories": [ "English terms with archaic senses" ], "glosses": [ "Utilization.", "Action towards someone; treatment, especially in negative sense." ], "links": [ [ "treatment", "treatment" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "Utilization.", "(now archaic) Action towards someone; treatment, especially in negative sense." ], "tags": [ "archaic", "countable", "uncountable" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈjuːsɪd͡ʒ/" }, { "ipa": "/ˈjuːzɪd͡ʒ/" }, { "audio": "En-us-usage.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/En-us-usage.ogg/En-us-usage.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/En-us-usage.ogg", "tags": [ "US" ], "text": "Audio (US)" } ], "synonyms": [ { "tags": [ "obsolete" ], "word": "usuage" } ], "translations": [ { "code": "as", "lang": "Assamese", "roman": "byowohar", "sense": "act of using something; use", "word": "ব্যৱহাৰ" }, { "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "upotreba", "sense": "act of using something; use", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "употреба" }, { "code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "act of using something; use", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "ús" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "yòngfǎ", "sense": "act of using something; use", "word": "用法" }, { "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "act of using something; use", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "gebruik" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "act of using something; use", "word": "käyttö" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "act of using something; use", "word": "käsittely" }, { "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "act of using something; use", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "usage" }, { "code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "act of using something; use", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "emprego" }, { "code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "act of using something; use", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "uso" }, { "code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "gamoq̇eneba", "sense": "act of using something; use", "word": "გამოყენება" }, { "code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "sargebloba", "sense": "act of using something; use", "word": "სარგებლობა" }, { "code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "moxmareba", "sense": "act of using something; use", "word": "მოხმარება" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "act of using something; use", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Verwendung" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "act of using something; use", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Benutzung" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "act of using something; use", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Anwendung" }, { "code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "khrêsis", "sense": "act of using something; use", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "χρῆσις" }, { "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "act of using something; use", "word": "használat" }, { "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "tsukaikata", "sense": "act of using something; use", "word": "使い方" }, { "code": "kk", "lang": "Kazakh", "roman": "qoldanys", "sense": "act of using something; use", "word": "қолданыс" }, { "code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "act of using something; use", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "ūsus" }, { "code": "ml", "lang": "Malayalam", "roman": "viniyōgaṁ", "sense": "act of using something; use", "word": "വിനിയോഗം" }, { "code": "ml", "lang": "Malayalam", "roman": "upayōgaṁ", "sense": "act of using something; use", "word": "ഉപയോഗം" }, { "code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "act of using something; use", "word": "whakamahinga" }, { "code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "act of using something; use", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "bruksområde" }, { "code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "kârbord", "sense": "act of using something; use", "word": "کاربرد" }, { "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "act of using something; use", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "użycie" }, { "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "act of using something; use", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "uso" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "ispólʹzovanije", "sense": "act of using something; use", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "испо́льзование" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "primenénije", "sense": "act of using something; use", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "примене́ние" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "obraščénije", "sense": "act of using something; use", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "обраще́ние" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "upotreblénije", "sense": "act of using something; use", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "употребле́ние" }, { "code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "viniyogaḥ", "sense": "act of using something; use", "word": "विनियोगः" }, { "code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "act of using something; use", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "upotreba" }, { "code": "syl", "lang": "Sylheti", "roman": "beboar", "sense": "act of using something; use", "word": "ꠛꠦꠛꠀꠞ" }, { "code": "syl", "lang": "Sylheti", "roman": "istemal", "sense": "act of using something; use", "word": "ꠁꠍ꠆ꠔꠦꠝꠣꠟ" }, { "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "običaj", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "обичай" }, { "code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "ús" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "word": "習慣" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "xíguàn", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "word": "习惯" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "word": "käytäntö" }, { "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "coutume" }, { "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "word": "usage" }, { "code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "uso" }, { "code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "usanza" }, { "code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "hábito" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "Brauch" }, { "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "word": "szokás" }, { "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "word": "gyakorlat" }, { "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "word": "uso" }, { "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "tsukaikata", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "word": "使い方" }, { "alt": "しゅうかん", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "shūkan", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "word": "習慣" }, { "code": "ml", "lang": "Malayalam", "roman": "upayōgaṁ", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "word": "ഉപയോഗം" }, { "code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "anvendelse" }, { "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "zwyczaj" }, { "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "praktyka" }, { "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "uzus" }, { "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "emprego" }, { "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "word": "uso" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "obýčaj", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "обы́чай" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "obyknovénije", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "обыкнове́ние" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "privýčka", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "привы́чка" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "tradícija", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "тради́ция" }, { "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "word": "uso" }, { "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "habit or accepted practice", "word": "usanza" }, { "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "upotreba", "sense": "the way words are spoken or written in a community", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "употреба" }, { "code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "the way words are spoken or written in a community", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "jazyková praxe" }, { "code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "the way words are spoken or written in a community", "word": "lingvaĵo" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "the way words are spoken or written in a community", "word": "kielenkäyttö" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "the way words are spoken or written in a community", "word": "puhetapa" }, { "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "the way words are spoken or written in a community", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "usage" }, { "code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "the way words are spoken or written in a community", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "emprego" }, { "code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "the way words are spoken or written in a community", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "uso" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "the way words are spoken or written in a community", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "Gebrauch" }, { "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "the way words are spoken or written in a community", "word": "szóhasználat" }, { "code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "the way words are spoken or written in a community", "word": "praktik berbahasa" }, { "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "tsukaikata", "sense": "the way words are spoken or written in a community", "word": "使い方" }, { "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "yōhō", "sense": "the way words are spoken or written in a community", "word": "用法" }, { "code": "ml", "lang": "Malayalam", "roman": "upayōgarīti", "sense": "the way words are spoken or written in a community", "word": "ഉപയോഗരീതി" }, { "code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "the way words are spoken or written in a community", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "bruk" }, { "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "the way words are spoken or written in a community", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "praktyka językowa" }, { "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "the way words are spoken or written in a community", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "uzus językowy" }, { "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "the way words are spoken or written in a community", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "emprego" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "upotreblénije", "sense": "the way words are spoken or written in a community", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "употребле́ние" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "jazykovaja praktika", "sense": "the way words are spoken or written in a community", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "языковая практика" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "slovoupotreblenije", "sense": "the way words are spoken or written in a community", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "словоупотребление" }, { "code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "the way words are spoken or written in a community", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "jezična uporaba" }, { "code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "the way words are spoken or written in a community", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "jezična praksa" }, { "code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "the way words are spoken or written in a community", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "jezična izvedba" }, { "code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "the way words are spoken or written in a community", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "jazyková prax" } ], "wikipedia": [ "usage" ], "word": "usage" } { "categories": [ "French 2-syllable words", "French countable nouns", "French entries with incorrect language header", "French lemmas", "French masculine nouns", "French nouns", "French terms derived from Latin", "French terms derived from Medieval Latin", "French terms suffixed with -age", "French terms with IPA pronunciation", "French terms with audio links", "Old French entries with incorrect language header", "Old French lemmas", "Old French masculine nouns", "Old French nouns" ], "derived": [ { "word": "d’usage" }, { "word": "en usage" }, { "word": "faire usage" }, { "word": "hors d’usage" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "fr", "2": "la", "3": "ūsus" }, "expansion": "Latin ūsus", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "fr", "2": "-age" }, "expansion": "-age", "name": "af" }, { "args": { "1": "fr", "2": "ML.", "3": "usagium" }, "expansion": "Medieval Latin usagium", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "From Latin ūsus + -age. Compare Medieval Latin usagium.", "forms": [ { "form": "usages", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "m" }, "expansion": "usage m (plural usages)", "name": "fr-noun" } ], "lang": "French", "lang_code": "fr", "pos": "noun", "related": [ { "word": "usager" }, { "word": "descriptif" }, { "word": "normatif" } ], "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "usage, use" ], "links": [ [ "usage", "usage#English" ], [ "use", "use" ] ], "tags": [ "masculine" ] }, { "categories": [ "fr:Lexicography" ], "glosses": [ "the ways and contexts in which spoken and written words are actually used, determined by a lexicographer's intuition or from corpus analysis (as opposed to correct or proper use of language, proclaimed by some authority)" ], "links": [ [ "lexicography", "lexicography" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(lexicography) the ways and contexts in which spoken and written words are actually used, determined by a lexicographer's intuition or from corpus analysis (as opposed to correct or proper use of language, proclaimed by some authority)" ], "tags": [ "masculine" ], "topics": [ "human-sciences", "lexicography", "linguistics", "sciences" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/y.zaʒ/" }, { "audio": "Fr-usage.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/Fr-usage.ogg/Fr-usage.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Fr-usage.ogg", "text": "audio" } ], "word": "usage" } { "categories": [ "Old French entries with incorrect language header", "Old French lemmas", "Old French masculine nouns", "Old French nouns" ], "forms": [ { "form": "usages", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "frm", "10": "{{{f}}}", "11": "", "12": "{{{f}}}s", "2": "noun", "3": "", "4": "", "5": "plural", "6": "usages", "7": "", "8": "{{{pl2}}}", "9": "", "f1accel-form": "p", "g": "m", "g2": "", "head": "", "sort": "" }, "expansion": "usage m (plural usages)", "name": "head" }, { "args": { "1": "m" }, "expansion": "usage m (plural usages)", "name": "frm-noun" } ], "lang": "Middle French", "lang_code": "frm", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Middle French countable nouns", "Middle French entries with incorrect language header", "Middle French lemmas", "Middle French masculine nouns", "Middle French nouns" ], "glosses": [ "habit; custom" ], "links": [ [ "habit", "habit" ], [ "custom", "custom" ] ], "tags": [ "masculine" ] } ], "word": "usage" } { "categories": [ "Old French entries with incorrect language header", "Old French lemmas", "Old French masculine nouns", "Old French nouns" ], "forms": [ { "form": "usage oblique singular or", "tags": [ "canonical", "masculine" ] }, { "form": "usages", "tags": [ "oblique", "plural" ] }, { "form": "usages", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "usage", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "m" }, "expansion": "usage oblique singular, m (oblique plural usages, nominative singular usages, nominative plural usage)", "name": "fro-noun" } ], "lang": "Old French", "lang_code": "fro", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "usage; use" ], "links": [ [ "usage", "usage#English" ], [ "use", "use" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "habit; custom" ], "links": [ [ "habit", "habit" ], [ "custom", "custom" ] ] } ], "word": "usage" }
{ "called_from": "translations/324", "msg": "possible sense number in translation item: German: (1) __IGNORE__, (2,3) __IGNORE__", "path": [ "usage" ], "section": "English", "subsection": "noun", "title": "usage", "trace": "" } { "called_from": "form_descriptions/1089", "msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'usage oblique singular or', originally 'usage oblique singular or m'", "path": [ "usage" ], "section": "Old French", "subsection": "noun", "title": "usage", "trace": "" } { "called_from": "form_descriptions/1089", "msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'usage oblique singular or', originally 'usage oblique singular or m'", "path": [ "usage" ], "section": "Old French", "subsection": "noun", "title": "usage", "trace": "" } { "called_from": "form_descriptions/1147", "msg": "suspicious related form tags ['masculine', 'canonical']: 'usage oblique singular or' in 'usage oblique singular, m (oblique plural usages, nominative singular usages, nominative plural usage)'", "path": [ "usage" ], "section": "Old French", "subsection": "noun", "title": "usage", "trace": "" }
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.