See tupati on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to pulsate",
"word": "tupъtěti"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "ту́паць"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: ту́паць (túpacʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: ту́паць (túpacʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ту́пать"
},
"expansion": "Russian: ту́пать (túpatʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: ту́пать (túpatʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "ту́пати"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: ту́пати (túpaty)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: ту́пати (túpaty)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "ту́пам"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: ту́пам (túpam)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: ту́пам (túpam)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "тупа"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: тупа (tupa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: тупа (tupa)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "tupać"
},
"expansion": "Polish: tupać",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: tupać"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "tupać"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: tupać",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: tupać"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "tupaś"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: tupaś",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: tupaś"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)tewp-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "tupė́ti",
"3": "",
"4": "to crowd, to squat"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian tupė́ti (“to crowd, to squat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तोपति"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तोपति (topati)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "τύπτω",
"3": "",
"4": "to beat, to smite"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek τύπτω (túptō, “to beat, to smite”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "stupeō",
"3": "",
"4": "to stun"
},
"expansion": "Latin stupeō (“to stun”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*þeubaz",
"3": "",
"4": "thief"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þeubaz (“thief”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp-, with cognates Lithuanian tupė́ti (“to crowd, to squat”), Sanskrit तोपति (topati), तुपति (tupati, “to hurt”), Ancient Greek τύπτω (túptō, “to beat, to smite”), Latin stupeō (“to stun”), possibly Proto-Germanic *þeubaz (“thief”), *þubōną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "tupanьje",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "tupati",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "tupatъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "tupalъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "tupanъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tupajemъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "tupavъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tupaję",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "tupaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupajǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupaješi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupajetь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupaste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupajevě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "tupajeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupajete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tupaste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupašę",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupajemъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "tupajete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupajǫtь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupaaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupaji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupaji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupaaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "tupaašeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupajivě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "tupajita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupaaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tupaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupaaxǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupajimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tupajite",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"2": "tup-a"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tupati",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"english": "to pulsate",
"sense": "*tъpъtъ (“pulsation”)",
"word": "tъpъtati"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "tъpati"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to stomp, to blunt",
"word": "tъpiti"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "dull, stupid",
"word": "tǫpъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to step",
"word": "stǫpiti"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "56 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "76 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "78 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "86 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -a-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to beat, to smite, to strike"
],
"id": "en-tupati-sla-pro-verb-Lqs0l4dI",
"links": [
[
"beat",
"beat"
],
[
"smite",
"smite"
],
[
"strike",
"strike"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to stamp"
],
"id": "en-tupati-sla-pro-verb-g3V6vb~A",
"links": [
[
"stamp",
"stamp"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "tupati"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "dupat"
},
"expansion": "Czech: dupat",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: dupat"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Of onomatopoeic origin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "zlw-ocs-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "V",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "tupati",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "tupat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "tupánie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "zlw-ocs-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "V",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "tuṕu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tuṕevě (-va)",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "tuṕem (-me/-my)",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupvě",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "tupěvě (-va)",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "tupme",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tupěm (-me/-my)",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tuṕeš",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tuṕeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tuṕete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tup",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupěta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupěte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tuṕe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tuṕeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tuṕú",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tup",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupěta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupěte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "zlw-ocs-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "V",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "tupach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupachově (-va)",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupachom (-me/-my)",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tupách",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupáchově (-va)",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "tupáchom (-me/-my)",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tupa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupasta (-šta)",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupaste (-šte)",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupáše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupášta (-sta)",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupášte (-ste)",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupasta (-šta)",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupachu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupáše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupášta (-sta)",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupáchu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "zlw-ocs-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "V",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "tupal",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"l-participle",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupala",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"l-participle",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "tupali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"l-participle",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tupala",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"l-participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupale",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "tupaly",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"l-participle",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tupalo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"l-participle",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupale",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"l-participle",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "tupala",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"l-participle",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "zlw-ocs-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "V",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "tupě",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupiece",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tupav",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupavše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tupieci",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupiece",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tupavši",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupavše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tupě",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupieci",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupiece",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tupav",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupavši",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupavše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"a": "impf"
},
"expansion": "tupati impf",
"name": "zlw-ocs-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"2": "intr",
"3": "5b"
},
"name": "zlw-ocs-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to stump"
],
"id": "en-tupati-zlw-ocs-verb-AZex8WE-",
"links": [
[
"stump",
"stump"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "debsati"
},
{
"english": "later",
"word": "dupati"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtupaci/",
"note": "13ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtupaci/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "tupati"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "dupat"
},
"expansion": "Czech: dupat",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: dupat"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Of onomatopoeic origin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "zlw-ocs-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "V",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "tupati",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "tupat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "tupánie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "zlw-ocs-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "V",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "tuṕu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tuṕevě (-va)",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "tuṕem (-me/-my)",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupvě",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "tupěvě (-va)",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "tupme",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tupěm (-me/-my)",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tuṕeš",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tuṕeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tuṕete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tup",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupěta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupěte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tuṕe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tuṕeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tuṕú",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tup",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupěta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupěte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "zlw-ocs-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "V",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "tupach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupachově (-va)",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupachom (-me/-my)",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tupách",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupáchově (-va)",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "tupáchom (-me/-my)",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tupa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupasta (-šta)",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupaste (-šte)",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupáše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupášta (-sta)",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupášte (-ste)",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupasta (-šta)",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupachu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupáše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupášta (-sta)",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupáchu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "zlw-ocs-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "V",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "tupal",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"l-participle",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupala",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"l-participle",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "tupali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"l-participle",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tupala",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"l-participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupale",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "tupaly",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"l-participle",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tupalo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"l-participle",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupale",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"l-participle",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "tupala",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"l-participle",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "zlw-ocs-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "V",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "tupě",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupiece",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tupav",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupavše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tupieci",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupiece",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tupavši",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupavše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tupě",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupieci",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupiece",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tupav",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupavši",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupavše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"a": "impf"
},
"expansion": "tupati impf",
"name": "zlw-ocs-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"2": "intr",
"3": "5b"
},
"name": "zlw-ocs-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Czech class 5 verbs",
"Old Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Czech imperfective verbs",
"Old Czech lemmas",
"Old Czech terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Czech verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"to stump"
],
"links": [
[
"stump",
"stump"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "debsati"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtupaci/",
"note": "13ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtupaci/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "later",
"word": "dupati"
}
],
"word": "tupati"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic imperfective verbs",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic verbs",
"Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -a-",
"sla-conj with extra parameters/n"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "to pulsate",
"word": "tupъtěti"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "ту́паць"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: ту́паць (túpacʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: ту́паць (túpacʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ту́пать"
},
"expansion": "Russian: ту́пать (túpatʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: ту́пать (túpatʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "ту́пати"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: ту́пати (túpaty)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: ту́пати (túpaty)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "ту́пам"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: ту́пам (túpam)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: ту́пам (túpam)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "тупа"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: тупа (tupa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: тупа (tupa)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "tupać"
},
"expansion": "Polish: tupać",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: tupać"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "tupać"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: tupać",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: tupać"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "tupaś"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: tupaś",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: tupaś"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)tewp-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "tupė́ti",
"3": "",
"4": "to crowd, to squat"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian tupė́ti (“to crowd, to squat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तोपति"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तोपति (topati)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "τύπτω",
"3": "",
"4": "to beat, to smite"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek τύπτω (túptō, “to beat, to smite”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "stupeō",
"3": "",
"4": "to stun"
},
"expansion": "Latin stupeō (“to stun”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*þeubaz",
"3": "",
"4": "thief"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þeubaz (“thief”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp-, with cognates Lithuanian tupė́ti (“to crowd, to squat”), Sanskrit तोपति (topati), तुपति (tupati, “to hurt”), Ancient Greek τύπτω (túptō, “to beat, to smite”), Latin stupeō (“to stun”), possibly Proto-Germanic *þeubaz (“thief”), *þubōną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "tupanьje",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "tupati",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "tupatъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "tupalъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "tupanъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tupajemъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "tupavъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tupaję",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "tupaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupajǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupaješi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupajetь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupaste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupajevě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "tupajeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupajete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tupaste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupašę",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupajemъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "tupajete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupajǫtь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupaaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupaji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tupaji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupaaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "tupaašeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupajivě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "tupajita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupaaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tupaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupaaxǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tupajimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tupajite",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"2": "tup-a"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tupati",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"english": "to pulsate",
"sense": "*tъpъtъ (“pulsation”)",
"word": "tъpъtati"
},
{
"word": "tъpati"
},
{
"english": "to stomp, to blunt",
"word": "tъpiti"
},
{
"english": "dull, stupid",
"word": "tǫpъ"
},
{
"english": "to step",
"word": "stǫpiti"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to beat, to smite, to strike"
],
"links": [
[
"beat",
"beat"
],
[
"smite",
"smite"
],
[
"strike",
"strike"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to stamp"
],
"links": [
[
"stamp",
"stamp"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "tupati"
}
Download raw JSONL data for tupati meaning in All languages combined (18.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.