See imperfective on Wiktionary
Download JSONL data for imperfective meaning in All languages combined (11.6kB)
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{
"ref": "2006, Debra Ziegeler, Interfaces with English Aspect: Diachronic and Empirical Studies, John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 89",
"text": "In the last chapter, we observed the rise of an imperfective marker in English, the Progressive, as the dominant and surviving member of a wider paradigm of imperfective aspectual functions in Old English, but which were no longer marked in the same way in later stages of the history of English.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
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"text": "The former is the basic imperfective subjunctive, while the latter is prominent or intensified.[…]While the present subjunctive is imperfective in aspect, the perfect subjunctive is imperfective in aspect and spatially proximate.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Ronald W. Langacker, Essentials of Cognitive Grammar, Oxford University Press, page 157",
"text": "Consider, then, the result of applying these tense morphemes to a perfective or an imperfective verb.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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"Of, relating to or having the properties of the imperfective aspect."
],
"id": "en-imperfective-en-adj-ODFc5Zph",
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"imperfective aspect",
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"not-comparable"
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"translations": [
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "njedaskanály",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "недаскана́лы"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "njezakónčany",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "незако́нчаны"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nesvǎršén",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "несвърше́н"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fēiwánzhěng",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "非完整"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "nedokonavý"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "imperfectif"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "imperfektiv"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "lo mugmár",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "לֹא מֻגְמָר"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "folyamatos"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "befejezetlen"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "imperfettivo"
},
{
"alt": "みかんりょう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "mikanryō",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "未完了"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "nésvršen",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "не́свршен"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "niedokonany"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "imperfectivo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "imperfetivo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nesoveršénnyj",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "несоверше́нный"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "несвршен"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
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"Roman"
],
"word": "nesvršen"
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"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "nedokonavý"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "nedovršen"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "nedokónanyj",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "недоко́наний"
}
]
}
],
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"ref": "2005, Jane H. Hill, A Grammar of Cupeño, University of California Press, page 132",
"text": "Examples of past imperfectives are shown in (42).",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Viktoria Hasko, Renee Perelmutter, “Introduction: Verbs of motion in Slavic languages: Paths for exploration”, in Viktoria Hasko, Renee Perelmutter, editors, New Approaches to Slavic Verbs of Motion, John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 5",
"text": "These putative indeterminate imperfectives are innovative in form precisely because they add a manner meaning to the range of lexical meanings available to Proto-Slavic motion verbs.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Ronald W. Langacker, Essentials of Cognitive Grammar, Oxford University Press, page 157",
"text": "Past imperfectives are also unproblematic because imperfectives are mass-like in nature, hence contractible.",
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"glosses": [
"The imperfective aspect; a verb having this aspect."
],
"id": "en-imperfective-en-noun-xhdmP3Ii",
"links": [
[
"verb",
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],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nesvǎ́ršen vid",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "несвъ́ршен вид"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wèiwánchéngshì",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"word": "未完成式"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"word": "nedokonavý"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"word": "imperfektiv"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"word": "tʼahdii"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "imperfectivo"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "imperfectiv"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nesoveršénnyj vid",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "несоверше́нный вид"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"word": "nedovršen"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-ɛktɪv"
}
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"wikipedia": [
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"word": "imperfective"
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"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Ronald W. Langacker, Essentials of Cognitive Grammar, Oxford University Press, page 157",
"text": "Consider, then, the result of applying these tense morphemes to a perfective or an imperfective verb.",
"type": "quotation"
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"Of, relating to or having the properties of the imperfective aspect."
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"imperfective aspect"
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"translations": [
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "njedaskanály",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "недаскана́лы"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "njezakónčany",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "незако́нчаны"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nesvǎršén",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "несвърше́н"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fēiwánzhěng",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "非完整"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "nedokonavý"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "imperfectif"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "imperfektiv"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "lo mugmár",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "לֹא מֻגְמָר"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "folyamatos"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "befejezetlen"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "imperfettivo"
},
{
"alt": "みかんりょう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "mikanryō",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "未完了"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "nésvršen",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "не́свршен"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "niedokonany"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "imperfectivo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "imperfetivo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nesoveršénnyj",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "несоверше́нный"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "несвршен"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "nesvršen"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "nedokonavý"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "nedovršen"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "nedokónanyj",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "недоко́наний"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Imperfective aspect"
],
"word": "imperfective"
}
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"Terms with German translations",
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"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Navajo translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
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"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
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"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Viktoria Hasko, Renee Perelmutter, “Introduction: Verbs of motion in Slavic languages: Paths for exploration”, in Viktoria Hasko, Renee Perelmutter, editors, New Approaches to Slavic Verbs of Motion, John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 5",
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"type": "quotation"
},
{
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],
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"The imperfective aspect; a verb having this aspect."
],
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{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nesvǎ́ršen vid",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "несвъ́ршен вид"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wèiwánchéngshì",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"word": "未完成式"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"word": "nedokonavý"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"word": "imperfektiv"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"word": "tʼahdii"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "imperfectivo"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "imperfectiv"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nesoveršénnyj vid",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "несоверше́нный вид"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"word": "nedovršen"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Imperfective aspect"
],
"word": "imperfective"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "adjective form"
},
"expansion": "imperfective",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French adjective forms",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French non-lemma forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "imperfectif"
}
],
"glosses": [
"feminine singular of imperfectif"
],
"links": [
[
"imperfectif",
"imperfectif#French"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "imperfective"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-07-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-07-20 using wiktextract (0af6c06 and 6aeea9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.