See imperfective in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for imperfective meaning in English (7.5kB)
{
"head_templates": [
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"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "imperfective (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "perfective"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "imperfectiveness"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2006, Debra Ziegeler, Interfaces with English Aspect: Diachronic and Empirical Studies, John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 89",
"text": "In the last chapter, we observed the rise of an imperfective marker in English, the Progressive, as the dominant and surviving member of a wider paradigm of imperfective aspectual functions in Old English, but which were no longer marked in the same way in later stages of the history of English.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2008, Constantine R. Campbell, Verbal Aspect and Non-indicative Verbs: Further Soundings in the Greek of the New Testament, Peter Lang, page 65",
"text": "The former is the basic imperfective subjunctive, while the latter is prominent or intensified.[…]While the present subjunctive is imperfective in aspect, the perfect subjunctive is imperfective in aspect and spatially proximate.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Ronald W. Langacker, Essentials of Cognitive Grammar, Oxford University Press, page 157",
"text": "Consider, then, the result of applying these tense morphemes to a perfective or an imperfective verb.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of, relating to or having the properties of the imperfective aspect."
],
"id": "en-imperfective-en-adj-ODFc5Zph",
"links": [
[
"imperfective aspect",
"imperfective aspect"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "njedaskanály",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "недаскана́лы"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "njezakónčany",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "незако́нчаны"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nesvǎršén",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "несвърше́н"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fēiwánzhěng",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "非完整"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "nedokonavý"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "imperfectif"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "imperfektiv"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "lo mugmár",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "לֹא מֻגְמָר"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "folyamatos"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "befejezetlen"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "imperfettivo"
},
{
"alt": "みかんりょう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "mikanryō",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "未完了"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "nésvršen",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "не́свршен"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "niedokonany"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "imperfectivo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "imperfetivo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nesoveršénnyj",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "несоверше́нный"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "несвршен"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "nesvršen"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "nedokonavý"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "nedovršen"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "nedokónanyj",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "недоко́наний"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-ɛktɪv"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Imperfective aspect"
],
"word": "imperfective"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "imperfectives",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
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"head_templates": [
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"expansion": "imperfective (plural imperfectives)",
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "2005, Jane H. Hill, A Grammar of Cupeño, University of California Press, page 132",
"text": "Examples of past imperfectives are shown in (42).",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Viktoria Hasko, Renee Perelmutter, “Introduction: Verbs of motion in Slavic languages: Paths for exploration”, in Viktoria Hasko, Renee Perelmutter, editors, New Approaches to Slavic Verbs of Motion, John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 5",
"text": "These putative indeterminate imperfectives are innovative in form precisely because they add a manner meaning to the range of lexical meanings available to Proto-Slavic motion verbs.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Ronald W. Langacker, Essentials of Cognitive Grammar, Oxford University Press, page 157",
"text": "Past imperfectives are also unproblematic because imperfectives are mass-like in nature, hence contractible.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The imperfective aspect; a verb having this aspect."
],
"id": "en-imperfective-en-noun-xhdmP3Ii",
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nesvǎ́ršen vid",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "несвъ́ршен вид"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wèiwánchéngshì",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"word": "未完成式"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"word": "nedokonavý"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"word": "imperfektiv"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"word": "tʼahdii"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "imperfectivo"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "imperfectiv"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nesoveršénnyj vid",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "несоверше́нный вид"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"word": "nedovršen"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-ɛktɪv"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Imperfective aspect"
],
"word": "imperfective"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"Rhymes:English/ɛktɪv",
"Rhymes:English/ɛktɪv/4 syllables"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "perfective"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "imperfectiveness"
}
],
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"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2006, Debra Ziegeler, Interfaces with English Aspect: Diachronic and Empirical Studies, John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 89",
"text": "In the last chapter, we observed the rise of an imperfective marker in English, the Progressive, as the dominant and surviving member of a wider paradigm of imperfective aspectual functions in Old English, but which were no longer marked in the same way in later stages of the history of English.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2008, Constantine R. Campbell, Verbal Aspect and Non-indicative Verbs: Further Soundings in the Greek of the New Testament, Peter Lang, page 65",
"text": "The former is the basic imperfective subjunctive, while the latter is prominent or intensified.[…]While the present subjunctive is imperfective in aspect, the perfect subjunctive is imperfective in aspect and spatially proximate.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Ronald W. Langacker, Essentials of Cognitive Grammar, Oxford University Press, page 157",
"text": "Consider, then, the result of applying these tense morphemes to a perfective or an imperfective verb.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of, relating to or having the properties of the imperfective aspect."
],
"links": [
[
"imperfective aspect",
"imperfective aspect"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-ɛktɪv"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "njedaskanály",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "недаскана́лы"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "njezakónčany",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "незако́нчаны"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nesvǎršén",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "несвърше́н"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fēiwánzhěng",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "非完整"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "nedokonavý"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "imperfectif"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "imperfektiv"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "lo mugmár",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "לֹא מֻגְמָר"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "folyamatos"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "befejezetlen"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "imperfettivo"
},
{
"alt": "みかんりょう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "mikanryō",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "未完了"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "nésvršen",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "не́свршен"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "niedokonany"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "imperfectivo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "imperfetivo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nesoveršénnyj",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "несоверше́нный"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "несвршен"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "nesvršen"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "nedokonavý"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "nedovršen"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "nedokónanyj",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "недоко́наний"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Imperfective aspect"
],
"word": "imperfective"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"Rhymes:English/ɛktɪv",
"Rhymes:English/ɛktɪv/4 syllables"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "imperfectives",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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"expansion": "imperfective (plural imperfectives)",
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"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "2005, Jane H. Hill, A Grammar of Cupeño, University of California Press, page 132",
"text": "Examples of past imperfectives are shown in (42).",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Viktoria Hasko, Renee Perelmutter, “Introduction: Verbs of motion in Slavic languages: Paths for exploration”, in Viktoria Hasko, Renee Perelmutter, editors, New Approaches to Slavic Verbs of Motion, John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 5",
"text": "These putative indeterminate imperfectives are innovative in form precisely because they add a manner meaning to the range of lexical meanings available to Proto-Slavic motion verbs.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Ronald W. Langacker, Essentials of Cognitive Grammar, Oxford University Press, page 157",
"text": "Past imperfectives are also unproblematic because imperfectives are mass-like in nature, hence contractible.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The imperfective aspect; a verb having this aspect."
],
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-ɛktɪv"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nesvǎ́ršen vid",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "несвъ́ршен вид"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wèiwánchéngshì",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"word": "未完成式"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"word": "nedokonavý"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"word": "imperfektiv"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"word": "tʼahdii"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "imperfectivo"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "imperfectiv"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nesoveršénnyj vid",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "несоверше́нный вид"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"word": "nedovršen"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Imperfective aspect"
],
"word": "imperfective"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (82c8ff9 and f4967a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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