See imperfective in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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{
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"translations": [
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "njedaskanály",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "недаскана́лы"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "njezakónčany",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "незако́нчаны"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nesvǎršén",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "несвърше́н"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fēiwánzhěng",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "非完整"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "nedokonavý"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "imperfectif"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "imperfektiv"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "lo mugmár",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "לֹא מֻגְמָר"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "folyamatos"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "befejezetlen"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "imperfettivo"
},
{
"alt": "みかんりょう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "mikanryō",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "未完了"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "nésvršen",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "не́свршен"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "niedokonany"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "imperfectivo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"tags": [
"masculine"
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"word": "imperfetivo"
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"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nesoveršénnyj",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "несоверше́нный"
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"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
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},
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"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "nedovršen"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "nedokónanyj",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "недоко́наний"
}
]
}
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"text": "These putative indeterminate imperfectives are innovative in form precisely because they add a manner meaning to the range of lexical meanings available to Proto-Slavic motion verbs.",
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{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nesvǎ́ršen vid",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "несвъ́ршен вид"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wèiwánchéngshì",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"word": "未完成式"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"word": "nedokonavý"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"word": "imperfektiv"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"word": "tʼahdii"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"tags": [
"masculine"
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"word": "imperfectivo"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "imperfectiv"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nesoveršénnyj vid",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "несоверше́нный вид"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"word": "nedovršen"
}
]
}
],
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{
"rhymes": "-ɛktɪv"
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"ref": "2006, Debra Ziegeler, Interfaces with English Aspect: Diachronic and Empirical Studies, John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 89:",
"text": "In the last chapter, we observed the rise of an imperfective marker in English, the Progressive, as the dominant and surviving member of a wider paradigm of imperfective aspectual functions in Old English, but which were no longer marked in the same way in later stages of the history of English.",
"type": "quote"
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"ref": "2008, Constantine R. Campbell, Verbal Aspect and Non-indicative Verbs: Further Soundings in the Greek of the New Testament, Peter Lang, page 65:",
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"type": "quote"
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{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "njedaskanály",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "недаскана́лы"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "njezakónčany",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "незако́нчаны"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nesvǎršén",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "несвърше́н"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fēiwánzhěng",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "非完整"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "nedokonavý"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "imperfectif"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "imperfektiv"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "lo mugmár",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "לֹא מֻגְמָר"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "folyamatos"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "befejezetlen"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "imperfettivo"
},
{
"alt": "みかんりょう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "mikanryō",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "未完了"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "nésvršen",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "не́свршен"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "niedokonany"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "imperfectivo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "imperfetivo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nesoveršénnyj",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "несоверше́нный"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "несвршен"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "nesvršen"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "nedokonavý"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "nedovršen"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "nedokónanyj",
"sense": "related to the imperfective aspect",
"word": "недоко́наний"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
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],
"word": "imperfective"
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"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Viktoria Hasko, Renee Perelmutter, “Introduction: Verbs of motion in Slavic languages: Paths for exploration”, in Viktoria Hasko, Renee Perelmutter, editors, New Approaches to Slavic Verbs of Motion, John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 5:",
"text": "These putative indeterminate imperfectives are innovative in form precisely because they add a manner meaning to the range of lexical meanings available to Proto-Slavic motion verbs.",
"type": "quote"
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{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nesvǎ́ršen vid",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "несвъ́ршен вид"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wèiwánchéngshì",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"word": "未完成式"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"word": "nedokonavý"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"word": "imperfektiv"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"word": "tʼahdii"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "imperfectivo"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "imperfectiv"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nesoveršénnyj vid",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "несоверше́нный вид"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "imperfective aspect; verb with this aspect — see also imperfective aspect",
"word": "nedovršen"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Imperfective aspect"
],
"word": "imperfective"
}
Download raw JSONL data for imperfective meaning in English (9.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.