See toren on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "blokkentoren"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "boortoren"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "Eiffeltoren"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ivoren toren"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "kasteeltoren"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "kerktoren"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "klokkentoren"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "schaaktoren"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "torenduif"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "torenflat"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "torenkraai"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "torenslak"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "torenspits"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "torenuil"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "torenvalk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "vieringtoren"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "vuurtoren"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "wachttoren"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "watertoren"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "woontoren"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "toring"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: toring",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: toring"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dcr",
"2": "tooren",
"3": "torm",
"4": "toorn"
},
"expansion": "Negerhollands: tooren, torm, toorn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Negerhollands: tooren, torm, toorn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "djk",
"2": "tolen",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Aukan: tolen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Aukan: tolen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "srm",
"2": "tolu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Saramaccan: tolu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Saramaccan: tolu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "torre"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch torre",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "turn"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch turn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "fro",
"3": "tur"
},
"expansion": "Old French tur",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "la",
"3": "turris"
},
"expansion": "Latin turris",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch torre, from Old Dutch turn, from Old French tur, from Latin turris.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "torens",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "torentje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-s",
"3": "+"
},
"expansion": "toren m (plural torens, diminutive torentje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"to‧ren"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "torenen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "uittorenen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "koning"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "koningin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "dame"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "loper"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bisschop"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "raadsheer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "paard"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pion"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a tower"
],
"id": "en-toren-nl-noun-h9reBad9",
"links": [
[
"tower",
"tower"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Chess",
"orig": "nl:Chess",
"parents": [
"Board games",
"Tabletop games",
"Games",
"Recreation",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "4 71 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 92 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Chess",
"orig": "nl:Chess",
"parents": [
"Board games",
"Tabletop games",
"Games",
"Recreation",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a rook"
],
"id": "en-toren-nl-noun-mG3KgfrO",
"links": [
[
"chess",
"chess"
],
[
"rook",
"rook"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chess) a rook"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kasteel"
},
{
"word": "schaaktoren"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"board-games",
"chess",
"games"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "nl:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the fin or sail of a submarine"
],
"id": "en-toren-nl-noun-H8W676iT",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"fin",
"fin"
],
[
"sail",
"sail"
],
[
"submarine",
"submarine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) the fin or sail of a submarine"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sail"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtoː.rə(n)/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈtʊːrə(n)]",
"tags": [
"Netherlands"
]
},
{
"audio": "Nl-toren.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f1/Nl-toren.ogg/Nl-toren.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/Nl-toren.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-oːrən"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"nl:toren"
],
"word": "toren"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "toren",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 9 2 36 6 3 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "77 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "torar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of torar:",
"third-person plural present subjunctive"
],
"id": "en-toren-gl-verb-inbWdkMI",
"links": [
[
"torar",
"torar#Galician"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "torar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of torar:",
"third-person plural imperative"
],
"id": "en-toren-gl-verb-6V11Dn8K",
"links": [
[
"torar",
"torar#Galician"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "toren"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "nl",
"3": "watertoren",
"t": "water tower"
},
"expansion": "Dutch watertoren (“water tower”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch watertoren (“water tower”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "torên",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "torên",
"pl": "-"
},
"expansion": "torên (uncountable)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"to‧rên"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"water tower"
],
"id": "en-toren-id-noun-hJDz270z",
"links": [
[
"water tower",
"water tower#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) water tower"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "menara air"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 9 2 36 6 3 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 7 1 38 4 2 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 96",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 92",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"water tank"
],
"id": "en-toren-id-noun-uhfuycPR",
"links": [
[
"water tank",
"water tank"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) water tank"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tandon"
},
{
"word": "tangki"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈtorən]"
}
],
"word": "toren"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "past participle"
},
"expansion": "toren",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "teran"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past participle of teran"
],
"id": "en-toren-ang-verb-fVedvAae",
"links": [
[
"teran",
"teran#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈto.ren/"
}
],
"word": "toren"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -s",
"Dutch terms derived from Latin",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old French",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/oːrən",
"Rhymes:Dutch/oːrən/2 syllables",
"nl:Chess"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "blokkentoren"
},
{
"word": "boortoren"
},
{
"word": "Eiffeltoren"
},
{
"word": "ivoren toren"
},
{
"word": "kasteeltoren"
},
{
"word": "kerktoren"
},
{
"word": "klokkentoren"
},
{
"word": "schaaktoren"
},
{
"word": "torenduif"
},
{
"word": "torenflat"
},
{
"word": "torenkraai"
},
{
"word": "torenslak"
},
{
"word": "torenspits"
},
{
"word": "torenuil"
},
{
"word": "torenvalk"
},
{
"word": "vieringtoren"
},
{
"word": "vuurtoren"
},
{
"word": "wachttoren"
},
{
"word": "watertoren"
},
{
"word": "woontoren"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "toring"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: toring",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: toring"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dcr",
"2": "tooren",
"3": "torm",
"4": "toorn"
},
"expansion": "Negerhollands: tooren, torm, toorn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Negerhollands: tooren, torm, toorn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "djk",
"2": "tolen",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Aukan: tolen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Aukan: tolen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "srm",
"2": "tolu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Saramaccan: tolu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Saramaccan: tolu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "torre"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch torre",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "turn"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch turn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "fro",
"3": "tur"
},
"expansion": "Old French tur",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "la",
"3": "turris"
},
"expansion": "Latin turris",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch torre, from Old Dutch turn, from Old French tur, from Latin turris.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "torens",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "torentje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-s",
"3": "+"
},
"expansion": "toren m (plural torens, diminutive torentje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"to‧ren"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "torenen"
},
{
"word": "uittorenen"
},
{
"word": "koning"
},
{
"word": "koningin"
},
{
"word": "dame"
},
{
"word": "loper"
},
{
"word": "bisschop"
},
{
"word": "raadsheer"
},
{
"word": "paard"
},
{
"word": "pion"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a tower"
],
"links": [
[
"tower",
"tower"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"nl:Chess"
],
"glosses": [
"a rook"
],
"links": [
[
"chess",
"chess"
],
[
"rook",
"rook"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chess) a rook"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kasteel"
},
{
"word": "schaaktoren"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"board-games",
"chess",
"games"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"nl:Nautical"
],
"glosses": [
"the fin or sail of a submarine"
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"fin",
"fin"
],
[
"sail",
"sail"
],
[
"submarine",
"submarine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) the fin or sail of a submarine"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sail"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtoː.rə(n)/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈtʊːrə(n)]",
"tags": [
"Netherlands"
]
},
{
"audio": "Nl-toren.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f1/Nl-toren.ogg/Nl-toren.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/Nl-toren.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-oːrən"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"nl:toren"
],
"word": "toren"
}
{
"categories": [
"Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"Galician non-lemma forms",
"Galician verb forms",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "toren",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "torar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of torar:",
"third-person plural present subjunctive"
],
"links": [
[
"torar",
"torar#Galician"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "torar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of torar:",
"third-person plural imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"torar",
"torar#Galician"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "toren"
}
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Indonesian lemmas",
"Indonesian nouns",
"Indonesian terms borrowed from Dutch",
"Indonesian terms derived from Dutch",
"Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
"Indonesian uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "nl",
"3": "watertoren",
"t": "water tower"
},
"expansion": "Dutch watertoren (“water tower”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch watertoren (“water tower”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "torên",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "torên",
"pl": "-"
},
"expansion": "torên (uncountable)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"to‧rên"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"water tower"
],
"links": [
[
"water tower",
"water tower#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) water tower"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "menara air"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"water tank"
],
"links": [
[
"water tank",
"water tank"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) water tank"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tandon"
},
{
"word": "tangki"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈtorən]"
}
],
"word": "toren"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "past participle"
},
"expansion": "toren",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English non-lemma forms",
"Old English past participles",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "teran"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past participle of teran"
],
"links": [
[
"teran",
"teran#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈto.ren/"
}
],
"word": "toren"
}
Download raw JSONL data for toren meaning in All languages combined (6.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (b81b832 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.