See substrate on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for substrate meaning in All languages combined (21.5kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bisubstrate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cosubstrate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "heterosubstrate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "monosubstrate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "multisubstrate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "nanosubstrate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "nonsubstrate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "phosphosubstrate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pseudosubstrate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "substratal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "substratism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "substratist"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "substratomaniac"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "substratophile"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "substratophilia"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "substratophobe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "substratophobia"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "substratum"
},
"expansion": "substratum",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sterh₃-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Anglicization of substratum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "substrates",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "substrate (plural substrates)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sub‧strate"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"An underlying layer; a substratum."
],
"id": "en-substrate-en-noun-v4RktBlO",
"links": [
[
"underlying",
"underlying"
],
[
"layer",
"layer"
],
[
"substratum",
"substratum"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "83 3 4 2 4 1 2",
"sense": "underlying layer",
"topics": [
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "substratum"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "89 1 2 1 5 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "podložka",
"sense": "an underlying layer; a substratum",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "подложка"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 1 2 1 5 1 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "an underlying layer; a substratum",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "substrat"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 1 2 1 5 1 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "an underlying layer; a substratum",
"word": "底層語言"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 1 2 1 5 1 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "an underlying layer; a substratum",
"word": "底层语言"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 1 2 1 5 1 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "an underlying layer; a substratum",
"word": "substraat"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 1 2 1 5 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "an underlying layer; a substratum",
"word": "aluskerros"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 1 2 1 5 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "an underlying layer; a substratum",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "substrat"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 1 2 1 5 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "an underlying layer; a substratum",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Untergrund"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 1 2 1 5 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "an underlying layer; a substratum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Substrat"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 1 2 1 5 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "an underlying layer; a substratum",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Bodengrund"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 1 2 1 5 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "an underlying layer; a substratum",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Grundlage"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 1 2 1 5 1 1",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "matsá",
"sense": "an underlying layer; a substratum",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "מַצָּע"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 1 2 1 5 1 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "an underlying layer; a substratum",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "foshraith"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 1 2 1 5 1 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "an underlying layer; a substratum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "substrat"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 1 2 1 5 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "an underlying layer; a substratum",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sustrato"
}
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "The substrate of an aquarium can affect the water's acidity."
},
{
"text": "Stream substrate affects fish longevity."
}
],
"glosses": [
"The substance lining the bottom edge of an enclosure."
],
"id": "en-substrate-en-noun-8FjMpTPY",
"links": [
[
"substance",
"substance"
],
[
"lining",
"line"
],
[
"bottom",
"bottom"
],
[
"edge",
"edge"
],
[
"enclosure",
"enclosure"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Biochemistry",
"orig": "en:Biochemistry",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Chemistry",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A substance acted upon, as by an enzyme."
],
"id": "en-substrate-en-noun-wB5crauc",
"links": [
[
"biochemistry",
"biochemistry"
],
[
"enzyme",
"enzyme"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biochemistry) A substance acted upon, as by an enzyme."
],
"topics": [
"biochemistry",
"biology",
"chemistry",
"microbiology",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 19 42 13 9 1 15",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "the material or substance on which an enzyme acts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "substrat"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 19 42 13 9 1 15",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dǐwù",
"sense": "the material or substance on which an enzyme acts",
"tags": [
"Mainland-China"
],
"word": "底物"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 19 42 13 9 1 15",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "the material or substance on which an enzyme acts",
"word": "受質"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 19 42 13 9 1 15",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shòuzhí",
"sense": "the material or substance on which an enzyme acts",
"tags": [
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "受质"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 19 42 13 9 1 15",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dǐcái",
"sense": "the material or substance on which an enzyme acts",
"tags": [
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "底材"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 19 42 13 9 1 15",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "the material or substance on which an enzyme acts",
"word": "基質"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 19 42 13 9 1 15",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jīzhí",
"sense": "the material or substance on which an enzyme acts",
"tags": [
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "基质"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 19 42 13 9 1 15",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "the material or substance on which an enzyme acts",
"word": "反應物"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 19 42 13 9 1 15",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fǎnyìngwù",
"sense": "the material or substance on which an enzyme acts",
"word": "反应物"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 19 42 13 9 1 15",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "méizuòyòngwù",
"sense": "the material or substance on which an enzyme acts",
"word": "酶作用物"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 19 42 13 9 1 15",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the material or substance on which an enzyme acts",
"word": "substraatti"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 19 42 13 9 1 15",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the material or substance on which an enzyme acts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "substrat"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 19 42 13 9 1 15",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the material or substance on which an enzyme acts",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Substrat"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 19 42 13 9 1 15",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "matsá",
"sense": "the material or substance on which an enzyme acts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "מַצָּע"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 19 42 13 9 1 15",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "the material or substance on which an enzyme acts",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "substráit"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 19 42 13 9 1 15",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "the material or substance on which an enzyme acts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "substrato"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 19 42 13 9 1 15",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "the material or substance on which an enzyme acts",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "substrat"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 19 42 13 9 1 15",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "the material or substance on which an enzyme acts",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "substrat"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 19 42 13 9 1 15",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "the material or substance on which an enzyme acts",
"word": "substrato"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 19 42 13 9 1 15",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the material or substance on which an enzyme acts",
"word": "sustrato"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 19 42 13 9 1 15",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "the material or substance on which an enzyme acts",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "substrat"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Biology",
"orig": "en:Biology",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The rock surface of a rockpool is the substrate for a sessile organism such as a limpet."
},
{
"ref": "2000, Mike Hansell, Bird Nests and Construction Behaviour, page 90",
"text": "This definition [of \"tool\"] is not simple, but contains several elements. The tool must not be part of the animal's body (a beak is not a tool); the user must manipulate the tool in some way for it to realise its function; and, finally, a tool cannot be attached to the substrate. This is a fairly clear definition, but does seem to produce some rather arbitrary distinctions (Hansell 1987b). The spider Dinopis, for example, makes a small web which it holds in its legs, thrusting it down on passing ants. This is a tool, but all other webs, however complex, are not since they are anchored to the substrate. The woodpecker finch […] that uses a fine stick held in the beak to extract insect prey from wood, is a tool user, but a shrike […] that impales an insect on a thorn still attached to the bush is not.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2006, Edward A. Wasserman, Thomas R. Zentall, Comparative Cognition: Experimental Explorations of Animal Intelligence, page 520",
"text": "Detach/subtract [tasks involve] Severing a fixed attachment between environmental objects (or the substrate) or removing object(s) from another unattached object, so the latter is a more useful tool.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A surface on which an organism grows, or to which an organism or an item is attached."
],
"id": "en-substrate-en-noun-XIyWdgp~",
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"surface",
"surface"
],
[
"organism",
"organism"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology) A surface on which an organism grows, or to which an organism or an item is attached."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 7 76 9 1 5",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a surface on which an organism grows or is attached",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "substrat"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 7 76 9 1 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a surface on which an organism grows or is attached",
"word": "kasvualusta"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 7 76 9 1 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a surface on which an organism grows or is attached",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "substrat"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 7 76 9 1 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a surface on which an organism grows or is attached",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Nährboden"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 7 76 9 1 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a surface on which an organism grows or is attached",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Substrat"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 7 76 9 1 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a surface on which an organism grows or is attached",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Untergrund"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 7 76 9 1 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a surface on which an organism grows or is attached",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Bodengrund"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 7 76 9 1 5",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "matsá",
"sense": "a surface on which an organism grows or is attached",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "מַצָּע"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 7 76 9 1 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a surface on which an organism grows or is attached",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sottostrato"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 7 76 9 1 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a surface on which an organism grows or is attached",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sustrato"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "superstrate"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Linguistics",
"orig": "en:Linguistics",
"parents": [
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 3 25 9 48 5 8 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A language that is replaced in a population by another language and that influences the language imposed on its speakers."
],
"id": "en-substrate-en-noun-ruAEGBv4",
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"language",
"language"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) A language that is replaced in a population by another language and that influences the language imposed on its speakers."
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 0 23 8 57 5 6",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "entʻašert",
"sense": "an indigenous language",
"word": "ենթաշերտ"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 23 8 57 5 6",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "an indigenous language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "substrat"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 23 8 57 5 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "an indigenous language",
"word": "substraatti"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 23 8 57 5 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "an indigenous language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "substrat"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 23 8 57 5 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "an indigenous language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Substratsprache"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 23 8 57 5 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "an indigenous language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Substrat"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 23 8 57 5 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "substrát",
"sense": "an indigenous language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "субстра́т"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 23 8 57 5 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "an indigenous language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sustrato"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 23 8 57 5 6",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "an indigenous language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "substrat"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 23 8 57 5 6",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "substrát",
"sense": "an indigenous language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "субстра́т"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A metal which is plated with another metal which has different physical properties."
],
"id": "en-substrate-en-noun-Vp9sZh6O",
"qualifier": "plating",
"raw_glosses": [
"(plating) A metal which is plated with another metal which has different physical properties."
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 6 1 9 81 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a metal which is plated with another metal which has different physical properties",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "substrat"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 6 1 9 81 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a metal which is plated with another metal which has different physical properties",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "substrat"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 6 1 9 81 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a metal which is plated with another metal which has different physical properties",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Trägerschicht"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Construction",
"orig": "en:Construction",
"parents": [
"Architecture",
"Engineering",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Technology",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A surface to which a substance adheres."
],
"id": "en-substrate-en-noun-QP2tYz~s",
"links": [
[
"construction",
"construction"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(construction) A surface to which a substance adheres."
],
"topics": [
"business",
"construction",
"manufacturing"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 8 17 4 9 1 60",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "podložka",
"sense": "a surface to which a substance adheres",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "подложка"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 17 4 9 1 60",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a surface to which a substance adheres",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "substrat"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 17 4 9 1 60",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a surface to which a substance adheres",
"word": "substraatti"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 17 4 9 1 60",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a surface to which a substance adheres",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Trägerstoff"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 17 4 9 1 60",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a surface to which a substance adheres",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Trägermaterial"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 17 4 9 1 60",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a surface to which a substance adheres",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Untergrund"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 17 4 9 1 60",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a surface to which a substance adheres",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Trägerschicht"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 17 4 9 1 60",
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"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
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"(obsolete, transitive) To strew or lay under."
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"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
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{
"word": "cosubstrate"
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{
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{
"word": "monosubstrate"
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{
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{
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{
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{
"word": "phosphosubstrate"
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{
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{
"word": "substratal"
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{
"word": "substratism"
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{
"word": "substratist"
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{
"word": "substratomaniac"
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{
"word": "substratophile"
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{
"word": "substratophilia"
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{
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{
"word": "substratophobia"
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"text": "Stream substrate affects fish longevity."
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"glosses": [
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"text": "The rock surface of a rockpool is the substrate for a sessile organism such as a limpet."
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{
"ref": "2000, Mike Hansell, Bird Nests and Construction Behaviour, page 90",
"text": "This definition [of \"tool\"] is not simple, but contains several elements. The tool must not be part of the animal's body (a beak is not a tool); the user must manipulate the tool in some way for it to realise its function; and, finally, a tool cannot be attached to the substrate. This is a fairly clear definition, but does seem to produce some rather arbitrary distinctions (Hansell 1987b). The spider Dinopis, for example, makes a small web which it holds in its legs, thrusting it down on passing ants. This is a tool, but all other webs, however complex, are not since they are anchored to the substrate. The woodpecker finch […] that uses a fine stick held in the beak to extract insect prey from wood, is a tool user, but a shrike […] that impales an insect on a thorn still attached to the bush is not.",
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"ref": "2006, Edward A. Wasserman, Thomas R. Zentall, Comparative Cognition: Experimental Explorations of Animal Intelligence, page 520",
"text": "Detach/subtract [tasks involve] Severing a fixed attachment between environmental objects (or the substrate) or removing object(s) from another unattached object, so the latter is a more useful tool.",
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}
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"glosses": [
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"biology"
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[
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"organism"
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],
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"biology",
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]
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"word": "superstrate"
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"categories": [
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],
"glosses": [
"A language that is replaced in a population by another language and that influences the language imposed on its speakers."
],
"links": [
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[
"language",
"language"
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"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) A language that is replaced in a population by another language and that influences the language imposed on its speakers."
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A metal which is plated with another metal which has different physical properties."
],
"qualifier": "plating",
"raw_glosses": [
"(plating) A metal which is plated with another metal which has different physical properties."
]
},
{
"categories": [
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],
"glosses": [
"A surface to which a substance adheres."
],
"links": [
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"construction"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(construction) A surface to which a substance adheres."
],
"topics": [
"business",
"construction",
"manufacturing"
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"word": "underlayer"
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{
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"topics": [
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"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "substratum"
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"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "the material or substance on which an enzyme acts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
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"roman": "dǐwù",
"sense": "the material or substance on which an enzyme acts",
"tags": [
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},
{
"code": "cmn",
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"sense": "the material or substance on which an enzyme acts",
"word": "受質"
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{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shòuzhí",
"sense": "the material or substance on which an enzyme acts",
"tags": [
"Taiwan"
],
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},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dǐcái",
"sense": "the material or substance on which an enzyme acts",
"tags": [
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "底材"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "the material or substance on which an enzyme acts",
"word": "基質"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jīzhí",
"sense": "the material or substance on which an enzyme acts",
"tags": [
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "基质"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "the material or substance on which an enzyme acts",
"word": "反應物"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fǎnyìngwù",
"sense": "the material or substance on which an enzyme acts",
"word": "反应物"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "méizuòyòngwù",
"sense": "the material or substance on which an enzyme acts",
"word": "酶作用物"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the material or substance on which an enzyme acts",
"word": "substraatti"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the material or substance on which an enzyme acts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "substrat"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the material or substance on which an enzyme acts",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Substrat"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "matsá",
"sense": "the material or substance on which an enzyme acts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "מַצָּע"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "the material or substance on which an enzyme acts",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "substráit"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "the material or substance on which an enzyme acts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "substrato"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "the material or substance on which an enzyme acts",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "substrat"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "the material or substance on which an enzyme acts",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "substrat"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "the material or substance on which an enzyme acts",
"word": "substrato"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the material or substance on which an enzyme acts",
"word": "sustrato"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "the material or substance on which an enzyme acts",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "substrat"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a surface on which an organism grows or is attached",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "substrat"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a surface on which an organism grows or is attached",
"word": "kasvualusta"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a surface on which an organism grows or is attached",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "substrat"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a surface on which an organism grows or is attached",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Nährboden"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a surface on which an organism grows or is attached",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Substrat"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a surface on which an organism grows or is attached",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Untergrund"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a surface on which an organism grows or is attached",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Bodengrund"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "matsá",
"sense": "a surface on which an organism grows or is attached",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "מַצָּע"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a surface on which an organism grows or is attached",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sottostrato"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a surface on which an organism grows or is attached",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sustrato"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "podložka",
"sense": "an underlying layer; a substratum",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "подложка"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "an underlying layer; a substratum",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "substrat"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "an underlying layer; a substratum",
"word": "底層語言"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "an underlying layer; a substratum",
"word": "底层语言"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "an underlying layer; a substratum",
"word": "substraat"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "an underlying layer; a substratum",
"word": "aluskerros"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "an underlying layer; a substratum",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "substrat"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "an underlying layer; a substratum",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Untergrund"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "an underlying layer; a substratum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Substrat"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "an underlying layer; a substratum",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Bodengrund"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "an underlying layer; a substratum",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Grundlage"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "matsá",
"sense": "an underlying layer; a substratum",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "מַצָּע"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "an underlying layer; a substratum",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "foshraith"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "an underlying layer; a substratum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "substrat"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "an underlying layer; a substratum",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sustrato"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "entʻašert",
"sense": "an indigenous language",
"word": "ենթաշերտ"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "an indigenous language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "substrat"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "an indigenous language",
"word": "substraatti"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "an indigenous language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "substrat"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "an indigenous language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Substratsprache"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "an indigenous language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Substrat"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "substrát",
"sense": "an indigenous language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "субстра́т"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "an indigenous language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sustrato"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "an indigenous language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "substrat"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "substrát",
"sense": "an indigenous language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "субстра́т"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a metal which is plated with another metal which has different physical properties",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "substrat"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a metal which is plated with another metal which has different physical properties",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "substrat"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a metal which is plated with another metal which has different physical properties",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Trägerschicht"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "podložka",
"sense": "a surface to which a substance adheres",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "подложка"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a surface to which a substance adheres",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "substrat"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a surface to which a substance adheres",
"word": "substraatti"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a surface to which a substance adheres",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Trägerstoff"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a surface to which a substance adheres",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Trägermaterial"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a surface to which a substance adheres",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Untergrund"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a surface to which a substance adheres",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Trägerschicht"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a surface to which a substance adheres",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Grundlage"
}
],
"word": "substrate"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sterh₃-",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Mandarin translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "substratum"
},
"expansion": "substratum",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sterh₃-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Anglicization of substratum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "substrates",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "substrating",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "substrated",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "substrated",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "substrate (third-person singular simple present substrates, present participle substrating, simple past and past participle substrated)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sub‧strate"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To strew or lay under."
],
"links": [
[
"strew",
"strew"
],
[
"lay",
"lay"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, transitive) To strew or lay under."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsʌbstɹeɪt/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-substrate.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/be/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-substrate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-substrate.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/be/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-substrate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-substrate.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-substrate.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/41/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-substrate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-substrate.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/41/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-substrate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-substrate.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "substrate"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sterh₃-",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Mandarin translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "substratum"
},
"expansion": "substratum",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sterh₃-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Anglicization of substratum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more substrate",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most substrate",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "substrate (comparative more substrate, superlative most substrate)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sub‧strate"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Having very slight furrows."
],
"links": [
[
"furrow",
"furrow"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsʌbstɹeɪt/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-substrate.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/be/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-substrate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-substrate.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/be/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-substrate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-substrate.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-substrate.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/41/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-substrate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-substrate.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/41/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-substrate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-substrate.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "substrate"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.