"skulu" meaning in All languages combined

See skulu on Wiktionary

Verb [Icelandic]

IPA: /ˈskʏːlʏ/
Rhymes: -ʏːlʏ Etymology: From Old Norse skulu, skolu, from Proto-Germanic *skulaną. Etymology templates: {{inh|is|non|skulu}} Old Norse skulu, {{m|non|skolu}} skolu, {{inh|is|gem-pro|*skulaną}} Proto-Germanic *skulaną Head templates: {{head|is|verb|first person singular present indicative|skal|first person plural past subjunctive|skyldi}} skulu (first person singular present indicative skal, first person plural past subjunctive skyldi) Inflection templates: {{is-conj-skulu|skulu}} Forms: skal [first-person, indicative, present, singular], skyldi [first-person, past, plural, subjunctive], no-table-tags [table-tags], að skulu [infinitive], skyldu [infinitive, past], ég skal [indicative, infinitive, past, present], við skulum [indicative, present], ég skuli [present, subjunctive], við skulum [present, subjunctive], þú skalt [indicative, infinitive, past, present], þið skuluð [indicative, present], þú skulir [present, subjunctive], þið skulið [present, subjunctive], hann [indicative, infinitive, past, present], hún [indicative, infinitive, past, present], það skal [indicative, infinitive, past, present], þeir [indicative, present], þær [indicative, present], þau skulu [indicative, present], hann [present, subjunctive], hún [present, subjunctive], það skuli [present, subjunctive], þeir [present, subjunctive], þær [present, subjunctive], þau skuli [present, subjunctive], -- [indicative, infinitive, past], -- [indicative, past], ég skyldi [past, subjunctive], við skyldum [past, subjunctive], þú skyldir [past, subjunctive], þið skylduð [past, subjunctive], hann [past, subjunctive], hún [past, subjunctive], það skyldi [past, subjunctive], þeir [past, subjunctive], þær [past, subjunctive], þau skyldu [past, subjunctive]
  1. shall, must
    Sense id: en-skulu-is-verb-uHiDZKkA
  2. to need Synonyms (need): þurfa
    Sense id: en-skulu-is-verb-fCXPH8yL Disambiguation of 'need': 4 74 9 9 4
  3. (an emphatic verb) to will!
    Sense id: en-skulu-is-verb-GHTWZ-LU
  4. to will
    Sense id: en-skulu-is-verb-KztM6GLD
  5. (encouragement) let us, shall
    Sense id: en-skulu-is-verb-R7FnKt-j Categories (other): Icelandic entries with incorrect language header, Icelandic entries with language name categories using raw markup, Pages using bad params when calling Template:is-conj-skulu Disambiguation of Icelandic entries with incorrect language header: 16 17 13 13 41 Disambiguation of Icelandic entries with language name categories using raw markup: 9 10 6 6 69 Disambiguation of Pages using bad params when calling Template:is-conj-skulu: 16 17 12 12 42
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms (shall): eiga Derived forms: með lögum skal land byggja
Disambiguation of 'shall': 42 4 7 7 39

Verb [Old Norse]

Etymology: From Proto-Germanic *skulaną, from Proto-Indo-European *skel- (“to be obligated, owe, be guilty”). Cognate to Old English sculan (“to be obligated or obliged to, shall, must, owe, ought to”) (English shall). Etymology templates: {{root|non|ine-pro|*skel-}}, {{inh|non|gem-pro|*skulaną}} Proto-Germanic *skulaną, {{der|non|ine-pro|*skel-||to be obligated, owe, be guilty}} Proto-Indo-European *skel- (“to be obligated, owe, be guilty”), {{cog|ang|sculan||to be obligated or obliged to, shall, must, owe, ought to}} Old English sculan (“to be obligated or obliged to, shall, must, owe, ought to”), {{cog|en|shall}} English shall Head templates: {{head|non|verb|first person singular present indicative|skal|first person plural past subjunctive|skyldi}} skulu (first person singular present indicative skal, first person plural past subjunctive skyldi) Inflection templates: {{non-conj-pp|skul|skal|skyld|–|1a=skul|1i=skyl|infinitive=skulu}}, {{non-conj-table|impr_1pl=skulum|impr_2pl=skuluð|impr_2sg=skul|infinitive=skulu|past_ind_1pl=skyldum|past_ind_1sg=skylda|past_ind_2pl=skylduð|past_ind_2sg=skyldir|past_ind_3pl=skyldu|past_ind_3sg=skyldi|past_part=–|past_sub_1pl=skyldim|past_sub_1sg=skylda|past_sub_2pl=skyldið|past_sub_2sg=skyldir|past_sub_3pl=skyldi|past_sub_3sg=skyldi|pres_ind_1pl=skulum|pres_ind_1sg=skal|pres_ind_2pl=skuluð|pres_ind_2sg=skalt|pres_ind_3pl=skulu|pres_ind_3sg=skal|pres_part=skulandi|pres_sub_1pl=skulim, skylim|pres_sub_1sg=skula, skyla|pres_sub_2pl=skulið, skylið|pres_sub_2sg=skulir, skylir|pres_sub_3pl=skuli, skyli|pres_sub_3sg=skuli, skyli|title=Conjugation of <i class="Latn mention" lang="non">skulu</i> (preterite-present)}}, {{non-conj-cell|skulu|infinitive|{{{mode}}}}}, {{non-conj-cell|skulandi|pres_part|{{{mode}}}}}, {{non-conj-cell|–|past_part|{{{mode}}}}}, {{non-conj-cell|skal|pres_ind_1sg|{{{mode}}}}}, {{non-conj-cell|skylda|past_ind_1sg|{{{mode}}}}}, {{non-conj-cell|skalt|pres_ind_2sg|{{{mode}}}}}, {{non-conj-cell|skyldir|past_ind_2sg|{{{mode}}}}}, {{non-conj-cell|skal|pres_ind_3sg|{{{mode}}}}}, {{non-conj-cell|skyldi|past_ind_3sg|{{{mode}}}}}, {{non-conj-cell|skulum|pres_ind_1pl|{{{mode}}}}}, {{non-conj-cell|skyldum|past_ind_1pl|{{{mode}}}}}, {{non-conj-cell|skuluð|pres_ind_2pl|{{{mode}}}}}, {{non-conj-cell|skylduð|past_ind_2pl|{{{mode}}}}}, {{non-conj-cell|skulu|pres_ind_3pl|{{{mode}}}}}, {{non-conj-cell|skyldu|past_ind_3pl|{{{mode}}}}}, {{non-conj-cell|skula, skyla|pres_sub_1sg|{{{mode}}}}}, {{non-conj-cell|skylda|past_sub_1sg|{{{mode}}}}}, {{non-conj-cell|skulir, skylir|pres_sub_2sg|{{{mode}}}}}, {{non-conj-cell|skyldir|past_sub_2sg|{{{mode}}}}}, {{non-conj-cell|skuli, skyli|pres_sub_3sg|{{{mode}}}}}, {{non-conj-cell|skyldi|past_sub_3sg|{{{mode}}}}}, {{non-conj-cell|skulim, skylim|pres_sub_1pl|{{{mode}}}}}, {{non-conj-cell|skyldim|past_sub_1pl|{{{mode}}}}}, {{non-conj-cell|skulið, skylið|pres_sub_2pl|{{{mode}}}}}, {{non-conj-cell|skyldið|past_sub_2pl|{{{mode}}}}}, {{non-conj-cell|skuli, skyli|pres_sub_3pl|{{{mode}}}}}, {{non-conj-cell|skyldi|past_sub_3pl|{{{mode}}}}}, {{non-conj-cell|skul|impr_2sg|{{{mode}}}}}, {{non-conj-cell|skulum|impr_1pl|{{{mode}}}}}, {{non-conj-cell|skuluð|impr_2pl|{{{mode}}}}} Forms: skal [first-person, indicative, present, singular], skyldi [first-person, past, plural, subjunctive], no-table-tags [table-tags], skulu [infinitive], skulandi [participle, present], - [participle, past], skal [first-person, present, singular], skylda [first-person, past, singular], skalt [present, second-person, singular], skyldir [past, second-person, singular], skal [present, singular, third-person], skyldi [past, singular, third-person], skulum [first-person, plural, present], skyldum [first-person, past, plural], skuluð [plural, present, second-person], skylduð [past, plural, second-person], skulu [plural, present, third-person], skyldu [past, plural, third-person], skula [first-person, present, singular], skyla [first-person, present, singular], skulir [present, second-person, singular], skylir [present, second-person, singular], skuli [present, singular, third-person], skyli [present, singular, third-person], skulim [first-person, plural, present], skylim [first-person, plural, present], skyldim [first-person, past, plural], skulið [plural, present, second-person], skylið [plural, present, second-person], skyldið [past, plural, second-person], skuli [plural, present, third-person], skyli [plural, present, third-person], skyldi [past, plural, third-person], skul [present, second-person, singular]
  1. (modal, auxiliary verb) shall, must Tags: auxiliary, modal Synonyms: skolu
    Sense id: en-skulu-non-verb-uHiDZKkA Categories (other): Old Norse entries with incorrect language header

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for skulu meaning in All languages combined (16.1kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "með lögum skal land byggja"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "skulu"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse skulu",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "skolu"
      },
      "expansion": "skolu",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*skulaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skulaną",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Norse skulu, skolu, from Proto-Germanic *skulaną.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "skal",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skyldi",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "is-conj-skulu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "að skulu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skyldu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ég skal",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "infinitive",
        "past",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "við skulum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ég skuli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "við skulum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þú skalt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "infinitive",
        "past",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þið skuluð",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þú skulir",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þið skulið",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hann",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "infinitive",
        "past",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hún",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "infinitive",
        "past",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "það skal",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "infinitive",
        "past",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þeir",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þær",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þau skulu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hann",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hún",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "það skuli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þeir",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þær",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þau skuli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "--",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "infinitive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "--",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ég skyldi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "við skyldum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þú skyldir",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þið skylduð",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hann",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hún",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "það skyldi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þeir",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þær",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þau skyldu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "verb",
        "3": "first person singular present indicative",
        "4": "skal",
        "5": "first person plural past subjunctive",
        "6": "skyldi"
      },
      "expansion": "skulu (first person singular present indicative skal, first person plural past subjunctive skyldi)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skulu"
      },
      "name": "is-conj-skulu"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Icelandic",
  "lang_code": "is",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "If someone strikes you on one cheek, turn to him the other also. If someone takes your cloak, do not stop him from taking your tunic.",
          "ref": "Luke 6:29 (English, Icelandic)",
          "text": "Slái þig einhver á kinnina, skaltu og bjóða hina, og taki einhver yfirhöfn þína, skaltu ekki varna honum að taka kyrtilinn líka."
        },
        {
          "text": "Einar Benediktsson\nAðgát skal höfð í nærveru sálar.\nExercise caution in the presence of a soul.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "You shall not take my car!",
          "text": "Þú skalt ekki taka bílinn minn!",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Thou shalt not kill.",
          "text": "Þú skalt ekki morð fremja.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "shall, must"
      ],
      "id": "en-skulu-is-verb-uHiDZKkA",
      "links": [
        [
          "shall",
          "shall"
        ],
        [
          "must",
          "must"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to need"
      ],
      "id": "en-skulu-is-verb-fCXPH8yL",
      "links": [
        [
          "need",
          "need"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "4 74 9 9 4",
          "sense": "need",
          "word": "þurfa"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "You will see!",
          "text": "Þú skalt sjá!",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to will!"
      ],
      "id": "en-skulu-is-verb-GHTWZ-LU",
      "links": [
        [
          "will",
          "will"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "an emphatic verb",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(an emphatic verb) to will!"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I'll pick up the phone.",
          "text": "Ég skal svara símanum.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to will"
      ],
      "id": "en-skulu-is-verb-KztM6GLD",
      "links": [
        [
          "will",
          "will"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "16 17 13 13 41",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Icelandic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 10 6 6 69",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Icelandic entries with language name categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 17 12 12 42",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using bad params when calling Template:is-conj-skulu",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Let's go to the movies.",
          "text": "Við skulum fara í bíó.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "let us, shall"
      ],
      "id": "en-skulu-is-verb-R7FnKt-j",
      "links": [
        [
          "let us",
          "let us"
        ],
        [
          "shall",
          "shall"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "encouragement",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(encouragement) let us, shall"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈskʏːlʏ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʏːlʏ"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "42 4 7 7 39",
      "sense": "shall",
      "word": "eiga"
    }
  ],
  "word": "skulu"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "skulu"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: skulu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: skulu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fo",
            "2": "skula"
          },
          "expansion": "Faroese: skula",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Faroese: skula"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nn",
            "2": "skulla",
            "3": "skulle"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: skulla, skulle",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: skulla, skulle"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-osw",
            "2": "skula"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Swedish: skula, skola, skulu\nSwedish: skola",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Swedish: skula, skola, skulu\nSwedish: skola"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "skulle"
          },
          "expansion": "Danish: skulle",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Danish: skulle"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nb",
            "2": "skulle"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: skulle",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Bokmål: skulle"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*skel-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*skulaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skulaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*skel-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to be obligated, owe, be guilty"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *skel- (“to be obligated, owe, be guilty”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "sculan",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to be obligated or obliged to, shall, must, owe, ought to"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English sculan (“to be obligated or obliged to, shall, must, owe, ought to”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "shall"
      },
      "expansion": "English shall",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *skulaną, from Proto-Indo-European *skel- (“to be obligated, owe, be guilty”). Cognate to Old English sculan (“to be obligated or obliged to, shall, must, owe, ought to”) (English shall).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "skal",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skyldi",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "non-conj-pp",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skulu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skulandi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skal",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skylda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skalt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skyldir",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skal",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skyldi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skulum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skyldum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuluð",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skylduð",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skulu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skyldu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skula",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skyla",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skulir",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skylir",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skulim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skylim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skyldim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skulið",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skylið",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skyldið",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skyldi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skul",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "verb",
        "3": "first person singular present indicative",
        "4": "skal",
        "5": "first person plural past subjunctive",
        "6": "skyldi"
      },
      "expansion": "skulu (first person singular present indicative skal, first person plural past subjunctive skyldi)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skul",
        "1a": "skul",
        "1i": "skyl",
        "2": "skal",
        "3": "skyld",
        "4": "–",
        "infinitive": "skulu"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-pp"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "impr_1pl": "skulum",
        "impr_2pl": "skuluð",
        "impr_2sg": "skul",
        "infinitive": "skulu",
        "past_ind_1pl": "skyldum",
        "past_ind_1sg": "skylda",
        "past_ind_2pl": "skylduð",
        "past_ind_2sg": "skyldir",
        "past_ind_3pl": "skyldu",
        "past_ind_3sg": "skyldi",
        "past_part": "–",
        "past_sub_1pl": "skyldim",
        "past_sub_1sg": "skylda",
        "past_sub_2pl": "skyldið",
        "past_sub_2sg": "skyldir",
        "past_sub_3pl": "skyldi",
        "past_sub_3sg": "skyldi",
        "pres_ind_1pl": "skulum",
        "pres_ind_1sg": "skal",
        "pres_ind_2pl": "skuluð",
        "pres_ind_2sg": "skalt",
        "pres_ind_3pl": "skulu",
        "pres_ind_3sg": "skal",
        "pres_part": "skulandi",
        "pres_sub_1pl": "skulim, skylim",
        "pres_sub_1sg": "skula, skyla",
        "pres_sub_2pl": "skulið, skylið",
        "pres_sub_2sg": "skulir, skylir",
        "pres_sub_3pl": "skuli, skyli",
        "pres_sub_3sg": "skuli, skyli",
        "title": "Conjugation of <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"non\">skulu</i> (preterite-present)"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-table"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skulu",
        "2": "infinitive",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skulandi",
        "2": "pres_part",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "–",
        "2": "past_part",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skal",
        "2": "pres_ind_1sg",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skylda",
        "2": "past_ind_1sg",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skalt",
        "2": "pres_ind_2sg",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skyldir",
        "2": "past_ind_2sg",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skal",
        "2": "pres_ind_3sg",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skyldi",
        "2": "past_ind_3sg",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skulum",
        "2": "pres_ind_1pl",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skyldum",
        "2": "past_ind_1pl",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skuluð",
        "2": "pres_ind_2pl",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skylduð",
        "2": "past_ind_2pl",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skulu",
        "2": "pres_ind_3pl",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skyldu",
        "2": "past_ind_3pl",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skula, skyla",
        "2": "pres_sub_1sg",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skylda",
        "2": "past_sub_1sg",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skulir, skylir",
        "2": "pres_sub_2sg",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skyldir",
        "2": "past_sub_2sg",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skuli, skyli",
        "2": "pres_sub_3sg",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skyldi",
        "2": "past_sub_3sg",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skulim, skylim",
        "2": "pres_sub_1pl",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skyldim",
        "2": "past_sub_1pl",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skulið, skylið",
        "2": "pres_sub_2pl",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skyldið",
        "2": "past_sub_2pl",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skuli, skyli",
        "2": "pres_sub_3pl",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skyldi",
        "2": "past_sub_3pl",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skul",
        "2": "impr_2sg",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skulum",
        "2": "impr_1pl",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skuluð",
        "2": "impr_2pl",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Norse",
  "lang_code": "non",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "shall, must"
      ],
      "id": "en-skulu-non-verb-uHiDZKkA",
      "links": [
        [
          "shall",
          "shall"
        ],
        [
          "must",
          "must"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(modal, auxiliary verb) shall, must"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "skolu"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary",
        "modal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "skulu"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Icelandic 2-syllable words",
    "Icelandic auxiliary verbs",
    "Icelandic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Icelandic entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "Icelandic lemmas",
    "Icelandic preterite-present verbs",
    "Icelandic terms derived from Old Norse",
    "Icelandic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Icelandic terms inherited from Old Norse",
    "Icelandic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Icelandic terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Icelandic verbs",
    "Most used Icelandic verbs",
    "Pages using bad params when calling Template:is-conj-skulu",
    "Rhymes:Icelandic/ʏːlʏ"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "með lögum skal land byggja"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "skulu"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse skulu",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "skolu"
      },
      "expansion": "skolu",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*skulaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skulaną",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Norse skulu, skolu, from Proto-Germanic *skulaną.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "skal",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skyldi",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "is-conj-skulu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "að skulu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skyldu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ég skal",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "infinitive",
        "past",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "við skulum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ég skuli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "við skulum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þú skalt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "infinitive",
        "past",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þið skuluð",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þú skulir",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þið skulið",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hann",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "infinitive",
        "past",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hún",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "infinitive",
        "past",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "það skal",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "infinitive",
        "past",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þeir",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þær",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þau skulu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hann",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hún",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "það skuli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þeir",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þær",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þau skuli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "--",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "infinitive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "--",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ég skyldi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "við skyldum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þú skyldir",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þið skylduð",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hann",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hún",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "það skyldi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þeir",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þær",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þau skyldu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "verb",
        "3": "first person singular present indicative",
        "4": "skal",
        "5": "first person plural past subjunctive",
        "6": "skyldi"
      },
      "expansion": "skulu (first person singular present indicative skal, first person plural past subjunctive skyldi)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skulu"
      },
      "name": "is-conj-skulu"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Icelandic",
  "lang_code": "is",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Icelandic terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "If someone strikes you on one cheek, turn to him the other also. If someone takes your cloak, do not stop him from taking your tunic.",
          "ref": "Luke 6:29 (English, Icelandic)",
          "text": "Slái þig einhver á kinnina, skaltu og bjóða hina, og taki einhver yfirhöfn þína, skaltu ekki varna honum að taka kyrtilinn líka."
        },
        {
          "text": "Einar Benediktsson\nAðgát skal höfð í nærveru sálar.\nExercise caution in the presence of a soul.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "You shall not take my car!",
          "text": "Þú skalt ekki taka bílinn minn!",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Thou shalt not kill.",
          "text": "Þú skalt ekki morð fremja.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "shall, must"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "shall",
          "shall"
        ],
        [
          "must",
          "must"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to need"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "need",
          "need"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Icelandic terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "You will see!",
          "text": "Þú skalt sjá!",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to will!"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "will",
          "will"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "an emphatic verb",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(an emphatic verb) to will!"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Icelandic terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I'll pick up the phone.",
          "text": "Ég skal svara símanum.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to will"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "will",
          "will"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Icelandic terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Let's go to the movies.",
          "text": "Við skulum fara í bíó.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "let us, shall"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "let us",
          "let us"
        ],
        [
          "shall",
          "shall"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "encouragement",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(encouragement) let us, shall"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈskʏːlʏ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʏːlʏ"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "shall",
      "word": "eiga"
    },
    {
      "sense": "need",
      "word": "þurfa"
    }
  ],
  "word": "skulu"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "skulu"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: skulu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: skulu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fo",
            "2": "skula"
          },
          "expansion": "Faroese: skula",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Faroese: skula"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nn",
            "2": "skulla",
            "3": "skulle"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: skulla, skulle",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: skulla, skulle"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-osw",
            "2": "skula"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Swedish: skula, skola, skulu\nSwedish: skola",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Swedish: skula, skola, skulu\nSwedish: skola"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "skulle"
          },
          "expansion": "Danish: skulle",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Danish: skulle"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nb",
            "2": "skulle"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: skulle",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Bokmål: skulle"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*skel-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*skulaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skulaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*skel-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to be obligated, owe, be guilty"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *skel- (“to be obligated, owe, be guilty”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "sculan",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to be obligated or obliged to, shall, must, owe, ought to"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English sculan (“to be obligated or obliged to, shall, must, owe, ought to”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "shall"
      },
      "expansion": "English shall",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *skulaną, from Proto-Indo-European *skel- (“to be obligated, owe, be guilty”). Cognate to Old English sculan (“to be obligated or obliged to, shall, must, owe, ought to”) (English shall).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "skal",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skyldi",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "non-conj-pp",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skulu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skulandi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skal",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skylda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skalt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skyldir",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skal",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skyldi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skulum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skyldum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuluð",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skylduð",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skulu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skyldu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skula",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skyla",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skulir",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skylir",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skulim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skylim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skyldim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skulið",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skylið",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skyldið",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skyldi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skul",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "verb",
        "3": "first person singular present indicative",
        "4": "skal",
        "5": "first person plural past subjunctive",
        "6": "skyldi"
      },
      "expansion": "skulu (first person singular present indicative skal, first person plural past subjunctive skyldi)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skul",
        "1a": "skul",
        "1i": "skyl",
        "2": "skal",
        "3": "skyld",
        "4": "–",
        "infinitive": "skulu"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-pp"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "impr_1pl": "skulum",
        "impr_2pl": "skuluð",
        "impr_2sg": "skul",
        "infinitive": "skulu",
        "past_ind_1pl": "skyldum",
        "past_ind_1sg": "skylda",
        "past_ind_2pl": "skylduð",
        "past_ind_2sg": "skyldir",
        "past_ind_3pl": "skyldu",
        "past_ind_3sg": "skyldi",
        "past_part": "–",
        "past_sub_1pl": "skyldim",
        "past_sub_1sg": "skylda",
        "past_sub_2pl": "skyldið",
        "past_sub_2sg": "skyldir",
        "past_sub_3pl": "skyldi",
        "past_sub_3sg": "skyldi",
        "pres_ind_1pl": "skulum",
        "pres_ind_1sg": "skal",
        "pres_ind_2pl": "skuluð",
        "pres_ind_2sg": "skalt",
        "pres_ind_3pl": "skulu",
        "pres_ind_3sg": "skal",
        "pres_part": "skulandi",
        "pres_sub_1pl": "skulim, skylim",
        "pres_sub_1sg": "skula, skyla",
        "pres_sub_2pl": "skulið, skylið",
        "pres_sub_2sg": "skulir, skylir",
        "pres_sub_3pl": "skuli, skyli",
        "pres_sub_3sg": "skuli, skyli",
        "title": "Conjugation of <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"non\">skulu</i> (preterite-present)"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-table"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skulu",
        "2": "infinitive",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skulandi",
        "2": "pres_part",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "–",
        "2": "past_part",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skal",
        "2": "pres_ind_1sg",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skylda",
        "2": "past_ind_1sg",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skalt",
        "2": "pres_ind_2sg",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skyldir",
        "2": "past_ind_2sg",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skal",
        "2": "pres_ind_3sg",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skyldi",
        "2": "past_ind_3sg",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skulum",
        "2": "pres_ind_1pl",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skyldum",
        "2": "past_ind_1pl",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skuluð",
        "2": "pres_ind_2pl",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skylduð",
        "2": "past_ind_2pl",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skulu",
        "2": "pres_ind_3pl",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skyldu",
        "2": "past_ind_3pl",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skula, skyla",
        "2": "pres_sub_1sg",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skylda",
        "2": "past_sub_1sg",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skulir, skylir",
        "2": "pres_sub_2sg",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skyldir",
        "2": "past_sub_2sg",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skuli, skyli",
        "2": "pres_sub_3sg",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skyldi",
        "2": "past_sub_3sg",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skulim, skylim",
        "2": "pres_sub_1pl",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skyldim",
        "2": "past_sub_1pl",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skulið, skylið",
        "2": "pres_sub_2pl",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skyldið",
        "2": "past_sub_2pl",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skuli, skyli",
        "2": "pres_sub_3pl",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skyldi",
        "2": "past_sub_3pl",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skul",
        "2": "impr_2sg",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skulum",
        "2": "impr_1pl",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skuluð",
        "2": "impr_2pl",
        "3": "{{{mode}}}"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Norse",
  "lang_code": "non",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old Norse auxiliary verbs",
        "Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
        "Old Norse lemmas",
        "Old Norse preterite-present verbs",
        "Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Old Norse terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *skel-",
        "Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
        "Old Norse verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "shall, must"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "shall",
          "shall"
        ],
        [
          "must",
          "must"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(modal, auxiliary verb) shall, must"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary",
        "modal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "skolu"
    }
  ],
  "word": "skulu"
}
{
  "called_from": "parserfns/156",
  "msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
  "path": [
    "skulu",
    "is-conj-skulu",
    "#invoke",
    "#invoke",
    "Lua:checkparams:warn()",
    "extensionTag()"
  ],
  "section": "Icelandic",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "skulu",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parserfns/156",
  "msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
  "path": [
    "skulu",
    "is-conj-skulu",
    "#invoke",
    "#invoke",
    "Lua:checkparams:warn()",
    "frame:preprocess()",
    "#tag",
    "#tag"
  ],
  "section": "Icelandic",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "skulu",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parserfns/156",
  "msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
  "path": [
    "skulu",
    "is-conj-skulu",
    "#invoke",
    "#invoke",
    "Lua:checkparams:warn()",
    "extensionTag()"
  ],
  "section": "Icelandic",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "skulu",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parserfns/156",
  "msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
  "path": [
    "skulu",
    "is-conj-skulu",
    "#invoke",
    "#invoke",
    "Lua:checkparams:warn()",
    "frame:preprocess()",
    "#tag",
    "#tag"
  ],
  "section": "Icelandic",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "skulu",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.