See sham on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for sham meaning in All languages combined (26.2kB)
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "genuine"
},
{
"word": "sincere"
},
{
"word": "real"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "shammish"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Uncle Sham"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "shame"
},
"expansion": "shame",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably a dialectal form of shame.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "?"
},
"expansion": "sham",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "It was only a sham wedding: they didn't care much for one another, but wanted their parents to stop hassling them.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Intended to deceive; false."
],
"id": "en-sham-en-adj-QRTTG7aA",
"links": [
[
"deceive",
"deceive"
],
[
"false",
"false"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "91 8 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prestoren",
"sense": "intended to deceive",
"word": "престорен"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 8 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "podpraven",
"sense": "intended to deceive",
"word": "подправен"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 8 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "intended to deceive",
"word": "偽"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 8 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wěi",
"sense": "intended to deceive",
"word": "伪"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 8 0 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "intended to deceive",
"word": "falsa"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 8 0 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "intended to deceive",
"word": "pseŭda"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 8 0 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "intended to deceive",
"word": "trompa"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 8 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "intended to deceive",
"word": "näennäinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 8 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "intended to deceive",
"word": "falsch"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 8 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "intended to deceive",
"word": "Schein-"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 8 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "intended to deceive",
"word": "ál-"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 8 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "intended to deceive",
"word": "fasullo"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 8 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "intended to deceive",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "udawany"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 8 0 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "intended to deceive",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "păcăleală"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 8 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "fiktívnyj",
"sense": "intended to deceive",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "фикти́вный"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 8 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "intended to deceive",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falso"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 8 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "intended to deceive",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fingido"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 8 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "intended to deceive",
"word": "ficticio"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1881, Benjamin Jowett, transl., Thucydides, Oxford: Clarendon Press, VIII.64, p. 592",
"text": "For the subject-cities, having secured a moderate form of government, and having no fear of being called to account for their proceedings, aimed at absolute freedom; they scorned the sham independence proffered to them by the Athenians.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"counterfeit; unreal"
],
"id": "en-sham-en-adj-6COJuoCG",
"links": [
[
"counterfeit",
"counterfeit"
],
[
"unreal",
"unreal"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"mock"
],
"id": "en-sham-en-adj-7IZP6ZtT",
"links": [
[
"mock",
"mock#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 3 0 49 13 2 3 4 3 2 4 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 1 38 15 3 4 6 5 3 6 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 7 0 19 6 5 5 24 10 5 9 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Bedding",
"orig": "en:Bedding",
"parents": [
"Home",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"See also fake"
],
"id": "en-sham-en-adj-dcK3Dp3r"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʃæm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æm"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-sham.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sham.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sham.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sham.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sham.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "sham"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Abraham sham"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "shamateur"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "sham marriage"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "shame"
},
"expansion": "shame",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably a dialectal form of shame.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "shams",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "sham (countable and uncountable, plural shams)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "pillow sham"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The time-share deal was a sham.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A fake; an imitation that purports to be genuine."
],
"id": "en-sham-en-noun-aRVZOQx6",
"links": [
[
"fake",
"fake"
],
[
"imitation",
"imitation"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "96 2 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izmama",
"sense": "fake, imitation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "измама"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "imitacija",
"sense": "fake, imitation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "имитация"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 1 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "fake, imitation",
"word": "nep"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 1 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "fake, imitation",
"word": "imitatie"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 1 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "fake, imitation",
"word": "falsaĵo"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "fake, imitation",
"word": "jäljennös"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "fake, imitation",
"word": "väärennös"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "fake, imitation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "faux-semblant"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "fake, imitation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Fälschung"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "fake, imitation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Imitat"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "fake, imitation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falso"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 1 1",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "magaimono",
"sense": "fake, imitation",
"word": "紛い物"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 1 1",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "manegoto",
"sense": "fake, imitation",
"word": "真似事"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 1 1",
"code": "lut",
"lang": "Lushootseed",
"sense": "fake, imitation",
"word": "səxʷʔiw̓adəb"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "poddélka",
"sense": "fake, imitation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "подде́лка"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pritvórstvo",
"sense": "fake, imitation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "притво́рство"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "A con-man must be skilled in the arts of sham and deceit.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Trickery, hoaxing."
],
"id": "en-sham-en-noun-6F3JZf5S",
"links": [
[
"Trickery",
"trickery"
],
[
"hoaxing",
"hoaxing"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "simulacija",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "симулация"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prestruvka",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "преструвка"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "mai⁴ mou⁶",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"word": "迷雾"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "mai⁴ mou⁶",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"word": "迷思"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "míwù",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"word": "迷雾"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "míwù",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"word": "迷思"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "("
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"word": "bedrog"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"word": "oplichterij"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"word": "kwakzalverij"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"word": "trompo"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"word": "huijaus"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"word": "petos"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"word": "huiputus"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "feinte"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tromperie"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ruse"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "astuce"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Schwindel"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mogelei"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Betrug"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "psevdís",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ψευδής"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "trucco"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "finta"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "gomakashi",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"word": "ごまかし"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mošénničestvo",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "моше́нничество"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "žúlʹničestvo",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "жу́льничество"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "engaño"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "truco"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fraude"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "farsa"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "üçkâğıt"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 1 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "dolap"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A false front, or removable ornamental covering."
],
"id": "en-sham-en-noun-8kZTcgjw",
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 7 0 19 6 5 5 24 10 5 9 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Bedding",
"orig": "en:Bedding",
"parents": [
"Home",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A decorative cover for a pillow."
],
"id": "en-sham-en-noun-LMqZPTdr",
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʃæm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æm"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-sham.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sham.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sham.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sham.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sham.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "sham"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "shame"
},
"expansion": "shame",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably a dialectal form of shame.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "shams",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "shamming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "shammed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "shammed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sham (third-person singular simple present shams, present participle shamming, simple past and past participle shammed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To deceive, cheat, lie."
],
"id": "en-sham-en-verb-DLIepoX4",
"links": [
[
"deceive",
"deceive"
],
[
"cheat",
"cheat"
],
[
"lie",
"lie"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "76 19 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mamja",
"sense": "to cheat or deceive",
"word": "мамя"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 19 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prestruvam se",
"sense": "to cheat or deceive",
"word": "преструвам се"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 19 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cheat or deceive",
"word": "huijata"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 19 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cheat or deceive",
"word": "huiputtaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 19 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cheat or deceive",
"word": "puijata"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 19 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to cheat or deceive",
"word": "tromper"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 19 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to cheat or deceive",
"word": "tricher"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 19 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to cheat or deceive",
"word": "mentir"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 19 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to cheat or deceive",
"word": "sich verstellen"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 19 5",
"code": "lut",
"lang": "Lushootseed",
"sense": "to cheat or deceive",
"word": "səxʷʔiw̓adəb"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 19 5",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to cheat or deceive",
"word": "păcăli"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 19 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mošénničatʹ",
"sense": "to cheat or deceive",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "моше́нничать"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 19 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "žúlʹničatʹ",
"sense": "to cheat or deceive",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "жу́льничать"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 19 5",
"code": "ru",
"english": "to pretend",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pritvorjátʹsja",
"sense": "to cheat or deceive",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "притворя́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 19 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to cheat or deceive",
"word": "fingir"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To obtrude by fraud or imposition."
],
"id": "en-sham-en-verb-iwv3l6O-",
"links": [
[
"obtrude",
"obtrude"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To assume the manner and character of; to imitate; to ape; to feign."
],
"id": "en-sham-en-verb-TWbGpgKh",
"links": [
[
"imitate",
"imitate"
],
[
"ape",
"ape"
],
[
"feign",
"feign"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʃæm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æm"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-sham.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sham.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sham.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sham.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sham.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "sham"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "sham (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 7 0 19 6 5 5 24 10 5 9 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Bedding",
"orig": "en:Bedding",
"parents": [
"Home",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Champagne."
],
"id": "en-sham-en-noun-9NLE19bI",
"links": [
[
"Champagne",
"champagne"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) Champagne."
],
"tags": [
"slang",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʃæm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æm"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-sham.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sham.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sham.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sham.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sham.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "sham"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaa",
"2": "ar",
"3": "شمع"
},
"expansion": "Arabic شمع",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Arabic شمع.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaa",
"2": "nouns",
"head": "",
"sc": ""
},
"expansion": "sham",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sham",
"name": "kaa-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Karakalpak",
"lang_code": "kaa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Karakalpak entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"candle"
],
"id": "en-sham-kaa-noun-b6WZ~nsC",
"links": [
[
"candle",
"candle"
]
]
}
],
"word": "sham"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "ar",
"3": "شمع"
},
"expansion": "Arabic شمع",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Arabic شمع.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "shamlar",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "uz-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "sham",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "shamning",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlarning",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "shamga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlarga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "shamni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlarni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "shamda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlarda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "shamdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlardan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "uz-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "shamim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlarim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamimning",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlarimning",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamimga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlarimga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamimni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlarimni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamimda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlarimda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamimdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlarimdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shaming",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlaring",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamingning",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlaringning",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamingga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlaringga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamingni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlaringni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamingda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlaringda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamingdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlaringdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlari",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamining",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlarining",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamiga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlariga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlarini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamida",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlarida",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamidan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlaridan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamimiz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlarimiz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamimizning",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlarimizning",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamimizga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlarimizga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamimizni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlarimizni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamimizda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlarimizda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamimizdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlarimizdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamingiz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlaringiz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamingizning",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlaringizning",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamingizga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlaringizga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamingizni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlaringizni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamingizda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlaringizda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamingizdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlaringizdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "noun",
"3": "plural",
"4": "shamlar",
"head": "",
"sc": ""
},
"expansion": "sham (plural shamlar)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sham (plural shamlar)",
"name": "uz-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "uz-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uz-noun",
"st": "",
"type": ""
},
"name": "uz-inflection"
}
],
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Uzbek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"candle"
],
"id": "en-sham-uz-noun-b6WZ~nsC",
"links": [
[
"candle",
"candle"
]
]
}
],
"word": "sham"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "genuine"
},
{
"word": "sincere"
},
{
"word": "real"
}
],
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/æm",
"Rhymes:English/æm/1 syllable",
"en:Bedding"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "shammish"
},
{
"word": "Uncle Sham"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "shame"
},
"expansion": "shame",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably a dialectal form of shame.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "?"
},
"expansion": "sham",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "It was only a sham wedding: they didn't care much for one another, but wanted their parents to stop hassling them.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Intended to deceive; false."
],
"links": [
[
"deceive",
"deceive"
],
[
"false",
"false"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1881, Benjamin Jowett, transl., Thucydides, Oxford: Clarendon Press, VIII.64, p. 592",
"text": "For the subject-cities, having secured a moderate form of government, and having no fear of being called to account for their proceedings, aimed at absolute freedom; they scorned the sham independence proffered to them by the Athenians.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"counterfeit; unreal"
],
"links": [
[
"counterfeit",
"counterfeit"
],
[
"unreal",
"unreal"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"mock"
],
"links": [
[
"mock",
"mock#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"See also fake"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʃæm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æm"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-sham.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sham.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sham.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sham.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sham.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prestoren",
"sense": "intended to deceive",
"word": "престорен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "podpraven",
"sense": "intended to deceive",
"word": "подправен"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "intended to deceive",
"word": "偽"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wěi",
"sense": "intended to deceive",
"word": "伪"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "intended to deceive",
"word": "falsa"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "intended to deceive",
"word": "pseŭda"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "intended to deceive",
"word": "trompa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "intended to deceive",
"word": "näennäinen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "intended to deceive",
"word": "falsch"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "intended to deceive",
"word": "Schein-"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "intended to deceive",
"word": "ál-"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "intended to deceive",
"word": "fasullo"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "intended to deceive",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "udawany"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "intended to deceive",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "păcăleală"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "fiktívnyj",
"sense": "intended to deceive",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "фикти́вный"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "intended to deceive",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falso"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "intended to deceive",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fingido"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "intended to deceive",
"word": "ficticio"
}
],
"word": "sham"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/æm",
"Rhymes:English/æm/1 syllable",
"en:Bedding"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Abraham sham"
},
{
"word": "shamateur"
},
{
"word": "sham marriage"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "shame"
},
"expansion": "shame",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably a dialectal form of shame.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "shams",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "sham (countable and uncountable, plural shams)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "pillow sham"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The time-share deal was a sham.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A fake; an imitation that purports to be genuine."
],
"links": [
[
"fake",
"fake"
],
[
"imitation",
"imitation"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "A con-man must be skilled in the arts of sham and deceit.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Trickery, hoaxing."
],
"links": [
[
"Trickery",
"trickery"
],
[
"hoaxing",
"hoaxing"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A false front, or removable ornamental covering."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A decorative cover for a pillow."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʃæm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æm"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-sham.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sham.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sham.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sham.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sham.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izmama",
"sense": "fake, imitation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "измама"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "imitacija",
"sense": "fake, imitation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "имитация"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "fake, imitation",
"word": "nep"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "fake, imitation",
"word": "imitatie"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "fake, imitation",
"word": "falsaĵo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "fake, imitation",
"word": "jäljennös"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "fake, imitation",
"word": "väärennös"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "fake, imitation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "faux-semblant"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "fake, imitation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Fälschung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "fake, imitation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Imitat"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "fake, imitation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falso"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "magaimono",
"sense": "fake, imitation",
"word": "紛い物"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "manegoto",
"sense": "fake, imitation",
"word": "真似事"
},
{
"code": "lut",
"lang": "Lushootseed",
"sense": "fake, imitation",
"word": "səxʷʔiw̓adəb"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "poddélka",
"sense": "fake, imitation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "подде́лка"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pritvórstvo",
"sense": "fake, imitation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "притво́рство"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "simulacija",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "симулация"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prestruvka",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "преструвка"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "mai⁴ mou⁶",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"word": "迷雾"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "mai⁴ mou⁶",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"word": "迷思"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "míwù",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"word": "迷雾"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "míwù",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"word": "迷思"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "("
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"word": "bedrog"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"word": "oplichterij"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"word": "kwakzalverij"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"word": "trompo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"word": "huijaus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"word": "petos"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"word": "huiputus"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "feinte"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tromperie"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ruse"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "astuce"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Schwindel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mogelei"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Betrug"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "psevdís",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ψευδής"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "trucco"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "finta"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "gomakashi",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"word": "ごまかし"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mošénničestvo",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "моше́нничество"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "žúlʹničestvo",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "жу́льничество"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "engaño"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "truco"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fraude"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "farsa"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "üçkâğıt"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "trickery, hoaxing",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "dolap"
}
],
"word": "sham"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/æm",
"Rhymes:English/æm/1 syllable",
"en:Bedding"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "shame"
},
"expansion": "shame",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably a dialectal form of shame.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "shams",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "shamming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "shammed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "shammed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sham (third-person singular simple present shams, present participle shamming, simple past and past participle shammed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To deceive, cheat, lie."
],
"links": [
[
"deceive",
"deceive"
],
[
"cheat",
"cheat"
],
[
"lie",
"lie"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To obtrude by fraud or imposition."
],
"links": [
[
"obtrude",
"obtrude"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To assume the manner and character of; to imitate; to ape; to feign."
],
"links": [
[
"imitate",
"imitate"
],
[
"ape",
"ape"
],
[
"feign",
"feign"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʃæm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æm"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-sham.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sham.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sham.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sham.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sham.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mamja",
"sense": "to cheat or deceive",
"word": "мамя"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prestruvam se",
"sense": "to cheat or deceive",
"word": "преструвам се"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cheat or deceive",
"word": "huijata"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cheat or deceive",
"word": "huiputtaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cheat or deceive",
"word": "puijata"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to cheat or deceive",
"word": "tromper"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to cheat or deceive",
"word": "tricher"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to cheat or deceive",
"word": "mentir"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to cheat or deceive",
"word": "sich verstellen"
},
{
"code": "lut",
"lang": "Lushootseed",
"sense": "to cheat or deceive",
"word": "səxʷʔiw̓adəb"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to cheat or deceive",
"word": "păcăli"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mošénničatʹ",
"sense": "to cheat or deceive",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "моше́нничать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "žúlʹničatʹ",
"sense": "to cheat or deceive",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "жу́льничать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "to pretend",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pritvorjátʹsja",
"sense": "to cheat or deceive",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "притворя́ться"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to cheat or deceive",
"word": "fingir"
}
],
"word": "sham"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Rhymes:English/æm",
"Rhymes:English/æm/1 syllable",
"en:Bedding"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "sham (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English slang"
],
"glosses": [
"Champagne."
],
"links": [
[
"Champagne",
"champagne"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) Champagne."
],
"tags": [
"slang",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʃæm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æm"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-sham.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sham.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sham.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sham.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sham.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "sham"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaa",
"2": "ar",
"3": "شمع"
},
"expansion": "Arabic شمع",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Arabic شمع.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaa",
"2": "nouns",
"head": "",
"sc": ""
},
"expansion": "sham",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sham",
"name": "kaa-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Karakalpak",
"lang_code": "kaa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Karakalpak entries with incorrect language header",
"Karakalpak lemmas",
"Karakalpak nouns",
"Karakalpak terms derived from Arabic"
],
"glosses": [
"candle"
],
"links": [
[
"candle",
"candle"
]
]
}
],
"word": "sham"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "ar",
"3": "شمع"
},
"expansion": "Arabic شمع",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Arabic شمع.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "shamlar",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "uz-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "sham",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "shamning",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlarning",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "shamga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlarga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "shamni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlarni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "shamda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlarda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "shamdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlardan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "uz-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "shamim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlarim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamimning",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlarimning",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamimga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlarimga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamimni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlarimni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamimda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlarimda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamimdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlarimdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shaming",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlaring",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamingning",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlaringning",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamingga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlaringga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamingni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlaringni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamingda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlaringda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamingdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlaringdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlari",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamining",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlarining",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamiga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlariga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlarini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamida",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlarida",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamidan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlaridan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamimiz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlarimiz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamimizning",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlarimizning",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamimizga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlarimizga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamimizni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlarimizni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamimizda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlarimizda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamimizdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlarimizdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamingiz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlaringiz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamingizning",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlaringizning",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamingizga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlaringizga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamingizni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlaringizni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamingizda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlaringizda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "shamingizdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "shamlaringizdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "noun",
"3": "plural",
"4": "shamlar",
"head": "",
"sc": ""
},
"expansion": "sham (plural shamlar)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sham (plural shamlar)",
"name": "uz-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "uz-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uz-noun",
"st": "",
"type": ""
},
"name": "uz-inflection"
}
],
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Uzbek entries with incorrect language header",
"Uzbek lemmas",
"Uzbek nouns",
"Uzbek terms derived from Arabic"
],
"glosses": [
"candle"
],
"links": [
[
"candle",
"candle"
]
]
}
],
"word": "sham"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
"msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": psevdhís vs. psevdís",
"path": [
"sham"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "sham",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.