See purdah on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for purdah meaning in All languages combined (17.7kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "purdahed"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pleh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "inc-hnd",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Hindustani",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "inc-hnd"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Hindustani",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "پردہ"
},
"expansion": "پردہ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "पर्दा"
},
"expansion": "पर्दा (pardā)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "etymon"
},
"expansion": "etymon",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fa-cls",
"3": "پرده",
"t": "curtain; screen; (archaic) veil",
"tr": "pardah"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian پرده (pardah, “curtain; screen; (archaic) veil”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pleh₂-",
"t": "flat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂- (“flat”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Hindustani پردہ / पर्दा (pardā), and its etymon Classical Persian پرده (pardah, “curtain; screen; (archaic) veil”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂- (“flat”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "purdahs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "purdah (countable and uncountable, plural purdahs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pur‧dah"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "purdahnashin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gosha"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "South Asian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "11 13 16 4 27 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 14 21 8 19 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 16 19 3 20 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 27 25 5 10 13",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Clothing",
"orig": "en:Clothing",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A curtain, especially one used in some Hindu or Muslim traditions to conceal women from the gaze of people, particularly men and strangers."
],
"id": "en-purdah-en-noun-uLIZSVhN",
"links": [
[
"curtain",
"curtain#Noun"
],
[
"used",
"use#Verb"
],
[
"Hindu",
"Hindu#Adjective"
],
[
"Muslim",
"Muslim#Adjective"
],
[
"tradition",
"tradition"
],
[
"conceal",
"conceal"
],
[
"women",
"woman#Noun"
],
[
"gaze",
"gaze#Noun"
],
[
"people",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"men",
"man#Noun"
],
[
"strangers",
"stranger#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, chiefly South Asia, also figuratively) A curtain, especially one used in some Hindu or Muslim traditions to conceal women from the gaze of people, particularly men and strangers."
],
"tags": [
"South-Asia",
"also",
"countable",
"figuratively"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "57 7 27 1 3 5",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "pardā",
"sense": "curtain, especially one used in some Hindu or Muslim traditions to conceal women from the gaze of people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "पर्दा"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 7 27 1 3 5",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "parde",
"sense": "curtain, especially one used in some Hindu or Muslim traditions to conceal women from the gaze of people",
"word": "پرده"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 7 27 1 3 5",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "parda",
"sense": "curtain, especially one used in some Hindu or Muslim traditions to conceal women from the gaze of people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "پردہ"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 13 16 4 27 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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"Entry maintenance"
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{
"_dis": "18 14 21 8 19 20",
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"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
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"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 16 19 3 20 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 27 25 5 10 13",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Clothing",
"orig": "en:Clothing",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A long veil or other attire covering most of the body, worn by women in some Muslim societies."
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "burka"
}
],
"id": "en-purdah-en-noun-7ajJ3t5G",
"links": [
[
"long",
"long#Adjective"
],
[
"veil",
"veil#Noun"
],
[
"attire",
"attire#Noun"
],
[
"covering",
"cover#Verb"
],
[
"most",
"most#Noun"
],
[
"body",
"body#Noun"
],
[
"worn",
"wear#Verb"
],
[
"societies",
"society"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(countable) A long veil or other attire covering most of the body, worn by women in some Muslim societies."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"countable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 69 19 1 2 2",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "long veil or other attire covering most of the body, worn by women in some Muslim societies",
"word": "purdah"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 69 19 1 2 2",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "paḍdā",
"sense": "long veil or other attire covering most of the body, worn by women in some Muslim societies",
"word": "पडदा"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 13 16 4 27 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 14 21 8 19 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 16 19 3 20 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 27 25 5 10 13",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Clothing",
"orig": "en:Clothing",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people, particularly men and strangers, in some Muslim and Hindu traditions, by using a curtain or screen, and/or wearing a face veil or attire covering most of the body."
],
"id": "en-purdah-en-noun-S3fB5Y6i",
"links": [
[
"situation",
"situation"
],
[
"system",
"system"
],
[
"secluding",
"seclude"
],
[
"screen",
"screen#Noun"
],
[
"face",
"face#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(uncountable) The situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people, particularly men and strangers, in some Muslim and Hindu traditions, by using a curtain or screen, and/or wearing a face veil or attire covering most of the body."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "28 10 55 1 4 2",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "porda",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"word": "পর্দা"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 10 55 1 4 2",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"word": "purdaho"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 10 55 1 4 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "parda",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"word": "ფარდა"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 10 55 1 4 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"word": "Parda"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 10 55 1 4 2",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "pardā prathā",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"word": "पर्दा प्रथा"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 10 55 1 4 2",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"word": "パルダ"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 10 55 1 4 2",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "peoda",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"word": "퍼다"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 10 55 1 4 2",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"word": "پردهکردن"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 10 55 1 4 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "purda",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пурда"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 10 55 1 4 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "parda",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "парда"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 10 55 1 4 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "пурда"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 10 55 1 4 2",
"code": "si",
"lang": "Sinhalese",
"roman": "parḍar",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"word": "පර්ඩර්"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 10 55 1 4 2",
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "partā",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"word": "பர்தா"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 10 55 1 4 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"word": "perde"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 10 55 1 4 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "purda",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"word": "пурда"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1989, Greil Marcus, “Version 2: A Secret History of a Time that Passed”, in Lipstick Traces: A Secret History of the Twentieth Century, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, page 277",
"text": "Still, though the lettrist movement was not casual—members might be fined, put in purdah, or even expelled for malingering—aesthetic pluralism remained in effect.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Keeping apart; isolation, seclusion; also, concealment, secrecy."
],
"id": "en-purdah-en-noun-xBd5ZngU",
"links": [
[
"Keeping",
"keep#Verb"
],
[
"apart",
"apart"
],
[
"isolation",
"isolation"
],
[
"seclusion",
"seclusion"
],
[
"concealment",
"concealment"
],
[
"secrecy",
"secrecy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(uncountable, figuratively) Keeping apart; isolation, seclusion; also, concealment, secrecy."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"figuratively",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "UK politics",
"orig": "en:UK politics",
"parents": [
"Politics",
"United Kingdom",
"Society",
"British Isles",
"Europe",
"All topics",
"Islands",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Fundamental",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "11 13 16 4 27 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 14 21 8 19 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 16 19 3 20 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2019 November 6, Lucy Middleton, “Saying ‘purdah’ is ‘sexist, racist and offensive’ says Women’s Party co-leader candidate”, in Ted Young, editor, Metro, London: Associated Newspapers, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-02-17",
"text": "Today the term [purdah] is used in British politics to describe the period in which civil servants must operate with political neutrality before an upcoming General Election. They are prevented from signing off new policy or making proactive announcements, and instead go into planning mode to try and prepare for the election's outcome. The purdah period for the December 12 election began today.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2021 June 2, “Network News: ‘Root and Branch’ Review Three Years in the Making”, in Rail, number 932, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire: Bauer Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 10",
"text": "Despite Rail Minister Chris Heaton-Harris's reassurance that \"the White Paper is coming\" it was further delayed by the period of purdah that preceded local elections held on May 6.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The period between the announcement of an election or referendum and its conclusion, during which civil servants refrain from making policy announcements or taking actions that could be seen as advantageous to certain candidates in the election."
],
"id": "en-purdah-en-noun-IDzJobY8",
"links": [
[
"period",
"period#Noun"
],
[
"announcement",
"announcement"
],
[
"election",
"election"
],
[
"referendum",
"referendum"
],
[
"conclusion",
"conclusion"
],
[
"civil servant",
"civil servant"
],
[
"refrain",
"refrain#Verb"
],
[
"making",
"make#Verb"
],
[
"policy",
"policy"
],
[
"taking",
"take#Verb"
],
[
"actions",
"action#Noun"
],
[
"seen",
"see#Verb"
],
[
"advantageous",
"advantageous"
],
[
"candidate",
"candidate"
]
],
"qualifier": "potentially offensive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(countable, UK politics, potentially offensive) The period between the announcement of an election or referendum and its conclusion, during which civil servants refrain from making policy announcements or taking actions that could be seen as advantageous to certain candidates in the election."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"broadly",
"countable"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"politics"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 1 2 2 92 1",
"code": "si",
"lang": "Sinhalese",
"roman": "parḍar",
"sense": "period between the announcement of an election or referendum and its conclusion",
"word": "පර්ඩර්"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 13 16 4 27 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 14 21 8 19 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 16 19 3 20 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 27 25 5 10 13",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Clothing",
"orig": "en:Clothing",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A striped cotton cloth which is used to make curtains."
],
"id": "en-purdah-en-noun-MTw2T9n2",
"links": [
[
"striped",
"striped#Adjective"
],
[
"cotton",
"cotton#Noun"
],
[
"cloth",
"cloth"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(uncountable, obsolete, rare) A striped cotton cloth which is used to make curtains."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"obsolete",
"rare",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɜːdə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-dɑː/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɝdə/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-purdah.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purdah.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purdah.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purdah.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purdah.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pardah"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "purda"
}
],
"word": "purdah"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "ڤورده",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
},
{
"form": "purdah-purdah",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "purdahku",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"informal",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "purdahmu",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "purdahnya",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"j": "ڤورده"
},
"expansion": "purdah (Jawi spelling ڤورده, plural purdah-purdah, informal 1st possessive purdahku, 2nd possessive purdahmu, 3rd possessive purdahnya)",
"name": "ms-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"veil (for a woman's face)"
],
"id": "en-purdah-ms-noun-CypCGi3O",
"links": [
[
"veil",
"veil"
]
]
}
],
"word": "purdah"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English quotations with omitted translation",
"English terms borrowed from Hindustani languages",
"English terms derived from Classical Persian",
"English terms derived from Hindustani languages",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pleh₂-",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns",
"en:Clothing"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "purdahed"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pleh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "inc-hnd",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Hindustani",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "inc-hnd"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Hindustani",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "پردہ"
},
"expansion": "پردہ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "पर्दा"
},
"expansion": "पर्दा (pardā)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "etymon"
},
"expansion": "etymon",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fa-cls",
"3": "پرده",
"t": "curtain; screen; (archaic) veil",
"tr": "pardah"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian پرده (pardah, “curtain; screen; (archaic) veil”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pleh₂-",
"t": "flat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂- (“flat”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Hindustani پردہ / पर्दा (pardā), and its etymon Classical Persian پرده (pardah, “curtain; screen; (archaic) veil”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂- (“flat”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "purdahs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "purdah (countable and uncountable, plural purdahs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pur‧dah"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "purdahnashin"
},
{
"word": "gosha"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"South Asian English"
],
"glosses": [
"A curtain, especially one used in some Hindu or Muslim traditions to conceal women from the gaze of people, particularly men and strangers."
],
"links": [
[
"curtain",
"curtain#Noun"
],
[
"used",
"use#Verb"
],
[
"Hindu",
"Hindu#Adjective"
],
[
"Muslim",
"Muslim#Adjective"
],
[
"tradition",
"tradition"
],
[
"conceal",
"conceal"
],
[
"women",
"woman#Noun"
],
[
"gaze",
"gaze#Noun"
],
[
"people",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"men",
"man#Noun"
],
[
"strangers",
"stranger#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, chiefly South Asia, also figuratively) A curtain, especially one used in some Hindu or Muslim traditions to conceal women from the gaze of people, particularly men and strangers."
],
"tags": [
"South-Asia",
"also",
"countable",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"A long veil or other attire covering most of the body, worn by women in some Muslim societies."
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "burka"
}
],
"links": [
[
"long",
"long#Adjective"
],
[
"veil",
"veil#Noun"
],
[
"attire",
"attire#Noun"
],
[
"covering",
"cover#Verb"
],
[
"most",
"most#Noun"
],
[
"body",
"body#Noun"
],
[
"worn",
"wear#Verb"
],
[
"societies",
"society"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(countable) A long veil or other attire covering most of the body, worn by women in some Muslim societies."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"countable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"The situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people, particularly men and strangers, in some Muslim and Hindu traditions, by using a curtain or screen, and/or wearing a face veil or attire covering most of the body."
],
"links": [
[
"situation",
"situation"
],
[
"system",
"system"
],
[
"secluding",
"seclude"
],
[
"screen",
"screen#Noun"
],
[
"face",
"face#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(uncountable) The situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people, particularly men and strangers, in some Muslim and Hindu traditions, by using a curtain or screen, and/or wearing a face veil or attire covering most of the body."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1989, Greil Marcus, “Version 2: A Secret History of a Time that Passed”, in Lipstick Traces: A Secret History of the Twentieth Century, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, page 277",
"text": "Still, though the lettrist movement was not casual—members might be fined, put in purdah, or even expelled for malingering—aesthetic pluralism remained in effect.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Keeping apart; isolation, seclusion; also, concealment, secrecy."
],
"links": [
[
"Keeping",
"keep#Verb"
],
[
"apart",
"apart"
],
[
"isolation",
"isolation"
],
[
"seclusion",
"seclusion"
],
[
"concealment",
"concealment"
],
[
"secrecy",
"secrecy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(uncountable, figuratively) Keeping apart; isolation, seclusion; also, concealment, secrecy."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"figuratively",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English offensive terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"en:UK politics"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2019 November 6, Lucy Middleton, “Saying ‘purdah’ is ‘sexist, racist and offensive’ says Women’s Party co-leader candidate”, in Ted Young, editor, Metro, London: Associated Newspapers, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-02-17",
"text": "Today the term [purdah] is used in British politics to describe the period in which civil servants must operate with political neutrality before an upcoming General Election. They are prevented from signing off new policy or making proactive announcements, and instead go into planning mode to try and prepare for the election's outcome. The purdah period for the December 12 election began today.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2021 June 2, “Network News: ‘Root and Branch’ Review Three Years in the Making”, in Rail, number 932, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire: Bauer Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 10",
"text": "Despite Rail Minister Chris Heaton-Harris's reassurance that \"the White Paper is coming\" it was further delayed by the period of purdah that preceded local elections held on May 6.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The period between the announcement of an election or referendum and its conclusion, during which civil servants refrain from making policy announcements or taking actions that could be seen as advantageous to certain candidates in the election."
],
"links": [
[
"period",
"period#Noun"
],
[
"announcement",
"announcement"
],
[
"election",
"election"
],
[
"referendum",
"referendum"
],
[
"conclusion",
"conclusion"
],
[
"civil servant",
"civil servant"
],
[
"refrain",
"refrain#Verb"
],
[
"making",
"make#Verb"
],
[
"policy",
"policy"
],
[
"taking",
"take#Verb"
],
[
"actions",
"action#Noun"
],
[
"seen",
"see#Verb"
],
[
"advantageous",
"advantageous"
],
[
"candidate",
"candidate"
]
],
"qualifier": "potentially offensive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(countable, UK politics, potentially offensive) The period between the announcement of an election or referendum and its conclusion, during which civil servants refrain from making policy announcements or taking actions that could be seen as advantageous to certain candidates in the election."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"broadly",
"countable"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"politics"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with rare senses",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"A striped cotton cloth which is used to make curtains."
],
"links": [
[
"striped",
"striped#Adjective"
],
[
"cotton",
"cotton#Noun"
],
[
"cloth",
"cloth"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(uncountable, obsolete, rare) A striped cotton cloth which is used to make curtains."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"obsolete",
"rare",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɜːdə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-dɑː/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɝdə/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-purdah.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purdah.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purdah.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purdah.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purdah.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pardah"
},
{
"word": "purda"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "pardā",
"sense": "curtain, especially one used in some Hindu or Muslim traditions to conceal women from the gaze of people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "पर्दा"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "parde",
"sense": "curtain, especially one used in some Hindu or Muslim traditions to conceal women from the gaze of people",
"word": "پرده"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "parda",
"sense": "curtain, especially one used in some Hindu or Muslim traditions to conceal women from the gaze of people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "پردہ"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "long veil or other attire covering most of the body, worn by women in some Muslim societies",
"word": "purdah"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "paḍdā",
"sense": "long veil or other attire covering most of the body, worn by women in some Muslim societies",
"word": "पडदा"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "porda",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"word": "পর্দা"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"word": "purdaho"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "parda",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"word": "ფარდა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"word": "Parda"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "pardā prathā",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"word": "पर्दा प्रथा"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"word": "パルダ"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "peoda",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"word": "퍼다"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"word": "پردهکردن"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "purda",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пурда"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "parda",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "парда"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "пурда"
},
{
"code": "si",
"lang": "Sinhalese",
"roman": "parḍar",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"word": "පර්ඩර්"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "partā",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"word": "பர்தா"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"word": "perde"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "purda",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"word": "пурда"
},
{
"code": "si",
"lang": "Sinhalese",
"roman": "parḍar",
"sense": "period between the announcement of an election or referendum and its conclusion",
"word": "පර්ඩර්"
}
],
"word": "purdah"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "ڤورده",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
},
{
"form": "purdah-purdah",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "purdahku",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"informal",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "purdahmu",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "purdahnya",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"j": "ڤورده"
},
"expansion": "purdah (Jawi spelling ڤورده, plural purdah-purdah, informal 1st possessive purdahku, 2nd possessive purdahmu, 3rd possessive purdahnya)",
"name": "ms-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"Malay lemmas",
"Malay nouns",
"Malay terms with redundant script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"veil (for a woman's face)"
],
"links": [
[
"veil",
"veil"
]
]
}
],
"word": "purdah"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.