See purdah on Wiktionary
{
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "purdahed"
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"3": "پرده",
"t": "curtain; screen; (archaic) veil",
"tr": "pardah"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian پرده (pardah, “curtain; screen; (archaic) veil”)",
"name": "der"
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{
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],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Hindustani پردہ / पर्दा (pardā), and its etymon Classical Persian پرده (pardah, “curtain; screen; (archaic) veil”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂- (“flat”).",
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"tags": [
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"word": "purdahnashin"
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{
"ref": "1909, Rudyard Kipling, “A Wayside Comedy”, in Under the Deodars (The Works of Rudyard Kipling), Edinburgh de Luxe edition, Boston, Mass., London: The Edinburgh Society, →OCLC, page 64:",
"text": "As she passed through the dining-room she heard, behind the purdah that cloaked the drawing-room door, her husband's voice, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1924 June 4, E[dward] M[organ] Forster, chapter II, in A Passage to India, London: Edward Arnold & Co., →OCLC, part I (Mosque), page 11:",
"text": "\"Come and see my wife a little then,\" said Hamidullah, and they spent twenty minutes behind the purdah.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A curtain, especially one used in some Hindu or Muslim traditions to conceal women from the gaze of people, particularly men and strangers."
],
"id": "en-purdah-en-noun-uLIZSVhN",
"links": [
[
"curtain",
"curtain#Noun"
],
[
"used",
"use#Verb"
],
[
"Hindu",
"Hindu#Adjective"
],
[
"Muslim",
"Muslim#Adjective"
],
[
"tradition",
"tradition"
],
[
"conceal",
"conceal"
],
[
"women",
"woman#Noun"
],
[
"gaze",
"gaze#Noun"
],
[
"people",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"men",
"man#Noun"
],
[
"strangers",
"stranger#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, chiefly South Asia, also figuratively) A curtain, especially one used in some Hindu or Muslim traditions to conceal women from the gaze of people, particularly men and strangers."
],
"tags": [
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"also",
"countable",
"figuratively"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "57 7 27 1 3 5",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "pardā",
"sense": "curtain, especially one used in some Hindu or Muslim traditions to conceal women from the gaze of people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "पर्दा"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 7 27 1 3 5",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "parde",
"sense": "curtain, especially one used in some Hindu or Muslim traditions to conceal women from the gaze of people",
"word": "پرده"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 7 27 1 3 5",
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"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "parda",
"sense": "curtain, especially one used in some Hindu or Muslim traditions to conceal women from the gaze of people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "پردہ"
}
]
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"A long veil or other attire covering most of the body, worn by women in some Muslim societies."
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "burka"
}
],
"id": "en-purdah-en-noun-7ajJ3t5G",
"links": [
[
"long",
"long#Adjective"
],
[
"veil",
"veil#Noun"
],
[
"attire",
"attire#Noun"
],
[
"covering",
"cover#Verb"
],
[
"most",
"most#Noun"
],
[
"body",
"body#Noun"
],
[
"worn",
"wear#Verb"
],
[
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"society"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(countable) A long veil or other attire covering most of the body, worn by women in some Muslim societies."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"countable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 68 19 1 2 2",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "long veil or other attire covering most of the body, worn by women in some Muslim societies",
"word": "purdah"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 68 19 1 2 2",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "paḍdā",
"sense": "long veil or other attire covering most of the body, worn by women in some Muslim societies",
"word": "पडदा"
}
]
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"text": "He was won by her love for him, by a loyalty that implied something more than submission, and by her efforts to educate herself against that lifting of the purdah that would come in the next generation if not in theirs.",
"type": "quote"
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],
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"The situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people, particularly men and strangers, in some Muslim and Hindu traditions, by using a curtain or screen, and/or wearing a face veil or attire covering most of the body."
],
"id": "en-purdah-en-noun-S3fB5Y6i",
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[
"situation",
"situation"
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[
"system",
"system"
],
[
"secluding",
"seclude"
],
[
"screen",
"screen#Noun"
],
[
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"face#Noun"
]
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"(by extension)",
"(uncountable) The situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people, particularly men and strangers, in some Muslim and Hindu traditions, by using a curtain or screen, and/or wearing a face veil or attire covering most of the body."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
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],
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{
"_dis1": "28 10 54 1 4 3",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "porda",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"word": "পর্দা"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 10 54 1 4 3",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"word": "purdaho"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 10 54 1 4 3",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "parda",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"word": "ფარდა"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 10 54 1 4 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"word": "Parda"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 10 54 1 4 3",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "pardā prathā",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"word": "पर्दा प्रथा"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 10 54 1 4 3",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"word": "パルダ"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 10 54 1 4 3",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "peoda",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"word": "퍼다"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 10 54 1 4 3",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"word": "پردهکردن"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 10 54 1 4 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "purda",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пурда"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 10 54 1 4 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "parda",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "парда"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 10 54 1 4 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "пурда"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 10 54 1 4 3",
"code": "si",
"lang": "Sinhalese",
"roman": "parḍar",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"word": "පර්ඩර්"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 10 54 1 4 3",
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "partā",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"word": "பர்தா"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 10 54 1 4 3",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"word": "perde"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 10 54 1 4 3",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "purda",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"word": "пурда"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
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{
"ref": "1928 July, John Galsworthy, “Measles”, in Swan Song, London: William Heinemann, →OCLC, part II, page 143:",
"text": "The diagnosis of Kit's malady was soon verified, and Fleur went into purdah.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1989, Greil Marcus, “Version 2: A Secret History of a Time that Passed”, in Lipstick Traces: A Secret History of the Twentieth Century, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, →ISBN, page 277:",
"text": "Still, though the lettrist movement was not casual—members might be fined, put in purdah, or even expelled for malingering—aesthetic pluralism remained in effect.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Keeping apart; isolation, seclusion; also, concealment, secrecy."
],
"id": "en-purdah-en-noun-xBd5ZngU",
"links": [
[
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"keep#Verb"
],
[
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"apart"
],
[
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],
[
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[
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],
[
"secrecy",
"secrecy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(uncountable, figuratively) Keeping apart; isolation, seclusion; also, concealment, secrecy."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"figuratively",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "UK politics",
"orig": "en:UK politics",
"parents": [
"Politics",
"United Kingdom",
"Society",
"British Isles",
"Europe",
"All topics",
"Islands",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Fundamental",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "11 12 15 9 26 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 14 16 6 22 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 14 16 5 23 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 13 16 3 25 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 12 21 6 18 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bengali translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 14 18 6 21 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 10 23 6 17 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 14 18 7 18 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 12 21 8 18 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 14 19 6 19 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 13 21 7 18 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 12 22 6 17 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 13 20 7 19 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Marathi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 12 22 6 17 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 14 19 6 19 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 12 22 6 17 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 14 18 7 20 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sinhalese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 12 22 6 18 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tamil translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 13 21 6 18 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 13 21 7 18 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 13 19 7 20 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Urdu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2021 June 2, “Network News: ‘Root and Branch’ Review Three Years in the Making”, in Rail, number 932, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire: Bauer Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 10:",
"text": "Despite Rail Minister Chris Heaton-Harris's reassurance that \"the White Paper is coming\" it was further delayed by the period of purdah that preceded local elections held on May 6.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The period between the announcement of an election or referendum and its conclusion, during which civil servants refrain from making policy announcements or taking actions that could be seen as advantageous to certain candidates in the election."
],
"id": "en-purdah-en-noun-IDzJobY8",
"links": [
[
"period",
"period#Noun"
],
[
"announcement",
"announcement"
],
[
"election",
"election"
],
[
"referendum",
"referendum"
],
[
"conclusion",
"conclusion"
],
[
"civil servant",
"civil servant"
],
[
"refrain",
"refrain#Verb"
],
[
"making",
"make#Verb"
],
[
"policy",
"policy"
],
[
"taking",
"take#Verb"
],
[
"actions",
"action#Noun"
],
[
"seen",
"see#Verb"
],
[
"advantageous",
"advantageous"
],
[
"candidate",
"candidate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(countable, UK politics) The period between the announcement of an election or referendum and its conclusion, during which civil servants refrain from making policy announcements or taking actions that could be seen as advantageous to certain candidates in the election."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"broadly",
"countable"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"politics"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 2 2 4 89 2",
"code": "si",
"lang": "Sinhalese",
"roman": "parḍar",
"sense": "period between the announcement of an election or referendum and its conclusion",
"word": "පර්ඩර්"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 12 15 9 26 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 14 16 6 22 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 14 16 5 23 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 13 16 3 25 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 12 21 6 18 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bengali translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 14 18 6 21 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 10 23 6 17 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 14 18 7 18 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 12 21 8 18 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 14 19 6 19 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 13 21 7 18 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 12 22 6 17 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 13 20 7 19 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Marathi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 12 22 6 17 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 14 19 6 19 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 12 22 6 17 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 14 18 7 20 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sinhalese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 12 22 6 18 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tamil translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 13 21 6 18 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 13 21 7 18 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 13 19 7 20 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Urdu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 27 25 5 10 13",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Clothing",
"orig": "en:Clothing",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A striped cotton cloth which is used to make curtains."
],
"id": "en-purdah-en-noun-MTw2T9n2",
"links": [
[
"striped",
"striped#Adjective"
],
[
"cotton",
"cotton#Noun"
],
[
"cloth",
"cloth"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(uncountable, obsolete, rare) A striped cotton cloth which is used to make curtains."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"obsolete",
"rare",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɜːdə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-dɑː/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-purdah.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purdah.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purdah.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purdah.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purdah.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɝdə/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pardah"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "purda"
}
],
"word": "purdah"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "ڤورده",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
},
{
"form": "purdah-purdah",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "purdahku",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"informal",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "purdahmu",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "purdahnya",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"j": "ڤورده"
},
"expansion": "purdah (Jawi spelling ڤورده, plural purdah-purdah, informal 1st possessive purdahku, 2nd possessive purdahmu, 3rd possessive purdahnya)",
"name": "ms-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"veil (for a woman's face)"
],
"id": "en-purdah-ms-noun-CypCGi3O",
"links": [
[
"veil",
"veil"
]
]
}
],
"word": "purdah"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Hindustani languages",
"English terms derived from Classical Persian",
"English terms derived from Hindustani languages",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pleh₂-",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Marathi translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Sinhalese translations",
"Terms with Tamil translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Urdu translations",
"en:Clothing"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "purdahed"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pleh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "inc-hnd"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Hindustani",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "etymon"
},
"expansion": "etymon",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fa-cls",
"3": "پرده",
"t": "curtain; screen; (archaic) veil",
"tr": "pardah"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian پرده (pardah, “curtain; screen; (archaic) veil”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pleh₂-",
"t": "flat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂- (“flat”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Hindustani پردہ / पर्दा (pardā), and its etymon Classical Persian پرده (pardah, “curtain; screen; (archaic) veil”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂- (“flat”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "purdahs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "purdah (countable and uncountable, plural purdahs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pur‧dah"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "purdahnashin"
},
{
"word": "gosha"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English terms with quotations",
"South Asian English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1909, Rudyard Kipling, “A Wayside Comedy”, in Under the Deodars (The Works of Rudyard Kipling), Edinburgh de Luxe edition, Boston, Mass., London: The Edinburgh Society, →OCLC, page 64:",
"text": "As she passed through the dining-room she heard, behind the purdah that cloaked the drawing-room door, her husband's voice, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1924 June 4, E[dward] M[organ] Forster, chapter II, in A Passage to India, London: Edward Arnold & Co., →OCLC, part I (Mosque), page 11:",
"text": "\"Come and see my wife a little then,\" said Hamidullah, and they spent twenty minutes behind the purdah.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A curtain, especially one used in some Hindu or Muslim traditions to conceal women from the gaze of people, particularly men and strangers."
],
"links": [
[
"curtain",
"curtain#Noun"
],
[
"used",
"use#Verb"
],
[
"Hindu",
"Hindu#Adjective"
],
[
"Muslim",
"Muslim#Adjective"
],
[
"tradition",
"tradition"
],
[
"conceal",
"conceal"
],
[
"women",
"woman#Noun"
],
[
"gaze",
"gaze#Noun"
],
[
"people",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"men",
"man#Noun"
],
[
"strangers",
"stranger#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, chiefly South Asia, also figuratively) A curtain, especially one used in some Hindu or Muslim traditions to conceal women from the gaze of people, particularly men and strangers."
],
"tags": [
"South-Asia",
"also",
"countable",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"A long veil or other attire covering most of the body, worn by women in some Muslim societies."
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "burka"
}
],
"links": [
[
"long",
"long#Adjective"
],
[
"veil",
"veil#Noun"
],
[
"attire",
"attire#Noun"
],
[
"covering",
"cover#Verb"
],
[
"most",
"most#Noun"
],
[
"body",
"body#Noun"
],
[
"worn",
"wear#Verb"
],
[
"societies",
"society"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(countable) A long veil or other attire covering most of the body, worn by women in some Muslim societies."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"countable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1924 June 4, E[dward] M[organ] Forster, chapter VI, in A Passage to India, London: Edward Arnold & Co., →OCLC, part I (Mosque), page 53:",
"text": "He was won by her love for him, by a loyalty that implied something more than submission, and by her efforts to educate herself against that lifting of the purdah that would come in the next generation if not in theirs.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people, particularly men and strangers, in some Muslim and Hindu traditions, by using a curtain or screen, and/or wearing a face veil or attire covering most of the body."
],
"links": [
[
"situation",
"situation"
],
[
"system",
"system"
],
[
"secluding",
"seclude"
],
[
"screen",
"screen#Noun"
],
[
"face",
"face#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(uncountable) The situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people, particularly men and strangers, in some Muslim and Hindu traditions, by using a curtain or screen, and/or wearing a face veil or attire covering most of the body."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1928 July, John Galsworthy, “Measles”, in Swan Song, London: William Heinemann, →OCLC, part II, page 143:",
"text": "The diagnosis of Kit's malady was soon verified, and Fleur went into purdah.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1989, Greil Marcus, “Version 2: A Secret History of a Time that Passed”, in Lipstick Traces: A Secret History of the Twentieth Century, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, →ISBN, page 277:",
"text": "Still, though the lettrist movement was not casual—members might be fined, put in purdah, or even expelled for malingering—aesthetic pluralism remained in effect.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Keeping apart; isolation, seclusion; also, concealment, secrecy."
],
"links": [
[
"Keeping",
"keep#Verb"
],
[
"apart",
"apart"
],
[
"isolation",
"isolation"
],
[
"seclusion",
"seclusion"
],
[
"concealment",
"concealment"
],
[
"secrecy",
"secrecy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(uncountable, figuratively) Keeping apart; isolation, seclusion; also, concealment, secrecy."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"figuratively",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English terms with quotations",
"en:UK politics"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2021 June 2, “Network News: ‘Root and Branch’ Review Three Years in the Making”, in Rail, number 932, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire: Bauer Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 10:",
"text": "Despite Rail Minister Chris Heaton-Harris's reassurance that \"the White Paper is coming\" it was further delayed by the period of purdah that preceded local elections held on May 6.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The period between the announcement of an election or referendum and its conclusion, during which civil servants refrain from making policy announcements or taking actions that could be seen as advantageous to certain candidates in the election."
],
"links": [
[
"period",
"period#Noun"
],
[
"announcement",
"announcement"
],
[
"election",
"election"
],
[
"referendum",
"referendum"
],
[
"conclusion",
"conclusion"
],
[
"civil servant",
"civil servant"
],
[
"refrain",
"refrain#Verb"
],
[
"making",
"make#Verb"
],
[
"policy",
"policy"
],
[
"taking",
"take#Verb"
],
[
"actions",
"action#Noun"
],
[
"seen",
"see#Verb"
],
[
"advantageous",
"advantageous"
],
[
"candidate",
"candidate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(countable, UK politics) The period between the announcement of an election or referendum and its conclusion, during which civil servants refrain from making policy announcements or taking actions that could be seen as advantageous to certain candidates in the election."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"broadly",
"countable"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"politics"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with rare senses",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"A striped cotton cloth which is used to make curtains."
],
"links": [
[
"striped",
"striped#Adjective"
],
[
"cotton",
"cotton#Noun"
],
[
"cloth",
"cloth"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(uncountable, obsolete, rare) A striped cotton cloth which is used to make curtains."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"obsolete",
"rare",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɜːdə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-dɑː/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-purdah.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purdah.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purdah.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purdah.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purdah.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɝdə/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pardah"
},
{
"word": "purda"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "pardā",
"sense": "curtain, especially one used in some Hindu or Muslim traditions to conceal women from the gaze of people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "पर्दा"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "parde",
"sense": "curtain, especially one used in some Hindu or Muslim traditions to conceal women from the gaze of people",
"word": "پرده"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "parda",
"sense": "curtain, especially one used in some Hindu or Muslim traditions to conceal women from the gaze of people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "پردہ"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "long veil or other attire covering most of the body, worn by women in some Muslim societies",
"word": "purdah"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "paḍdā",
"sense": "long veil or other attire covering most of the body, worn by women in some Muslim societies",
"word": "पडदा"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "porda",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"word": "পর্দা"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"word": "purdaho"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "parda",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"word": "ფარდა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"word": "Parda"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "pardā prathā",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"word": "पर्दा प्रथा"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"word": "パルダ"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "peoda",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"word": "퍼다"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"word": "پردهکردن"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "purda",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пурда"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "parda",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "парда"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "пурда"
},
{
"code": "si",
"lang": "Sinhalese",
"roman": "parḍar",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"word": "පර්ඩර්"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "partā",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"word": "பர்தா"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"word": "perde"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "purda",
"sense": "situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people in some Muslim and Hindu traditions",
"word": "пурда"
},
{
"code": "si",
"lang": "Sinhalese",
"roman": "parḍar",
"sense": "period between the announcement of an election or referendum and its conclusion",
"word": "පර්ඩර්"
}
],
"word": "purdah"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "ڤورده",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
},
{
"form": "purdah-purdah",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "purdahku",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"informal",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "purdahmu",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "purdahnya",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"j": "ڤورده"
},
"expansion": "purdah (Jawi spelling ڤورده, plural purdah-purdah, informal 1st possessive purdahku, 2nd possessive purdahmu, 3rd possessive purdahnya)",
"name": "ms-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"Malay lemmas",
"Malay nouns",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"veil (for a woman's face)"
],
"links": [
[
"veil",
"veil"
]
]
}
],
"word": "purdah"
}
Download raw JSONL data for purdah meaning in All languages combined (13.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.