See poena on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for poena meaning in All languages combined (10.9kB)
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "poena",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Estonian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pood"
}
],
"glosses": [
"essive singular of pood"
],
"id": "en-poena-et-noun-M-dy-Dtw",
"links": [
[
"pood",
"pood#Estonian"
]
],
"tags": [
"essive",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "poena"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "poenās dare"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pūniō"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: pena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: pena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "peine"
},
"expansion": "Old French: peine",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: peine"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "peine"
},
"expansion": "French: peine",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: peine"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "peyne",
"3": "payne",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: peyne, payne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: peyne, payne"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pain"
},
"expansion": "English: pain",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: pain"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Galician: pena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: pena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Italian: pena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: pena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lld",
"2": "peina",
"3": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Ladin: peina, pena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ladin: peina, pena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: pena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: pena"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: pena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: pena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "pẽa"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: pẽa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: pẽa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: pena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: pena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: pena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: pena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: pena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: pena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Venetian: pena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetian: pena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wa",
"2": "poenne"
},
"expansion": "Walloon: poenne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Walloon: poenne"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "poan",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Breton: poan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Breton: poan"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pine",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: pine",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: pine"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*pīnā",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *pīnā",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *pīnā (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "pian",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Irish: pian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Irish: pian"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "pína",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Norse: pína",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Norse: pína (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "penă",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: penă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: penă"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "pina",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: pina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: pina"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "poen",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Welsh: poen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Welsh: poen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷey-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grk-pro",
"3": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ποινή",
"4": "",
"5": "penalty, fine, bloodmoney"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “penalty, fine, bloodmoney”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “penalty, fine, bloodmoney”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "poenae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "poena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "poenae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "poenae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "poenārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "poenae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "poenīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "poenam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "poenās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "poenā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "poenīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "poena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "poenae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poena<1>"
},
"expansion": "poena f (genitive poenae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poena<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "paeniteō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 35 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "In order to terrify others by the severity of punishment",
"ref": "c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.4",
"text": "Ut … magnitudine poenae perterreant alios"
},
{
"english": "“Hereafter, [believe] me, you will atone by no similar penalty [for] having committed [such misdeeds].”\n(In other words, another transgression will earn the winds far worse than a verbal warning, says Neptune.)",
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.136",
"text": "Post mihi nōn similī poenā commissa luētis."
}
],
"glosses": [
"penalty, punishment"
],
"id": "en-poena-la-noun-5CCwCDig",
"links": [
[
"penalty",
"penalty"
],
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pūnītiō"
},
{
"word": "mercēs"
},
{
"word": "supplicium"
},
{
"word": "vindicātiō"
},
{
"word": "exemplum"
},
{
"word": "sanctio"
},
{
"word": "pretium"
},
{
"word": "animadversus"
},
{
"word": "vindicta"
},
{
"word": "malum"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 35 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hardship, torment"
],
"id": "en-poena-la-noun-FAgUD6ci",
"links": [
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
],
[
"torment",
"torment"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cruciātus"
},
{
"word": "malum"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 16 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 35 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"execution"
],
"id": "en-poena-la-noun-pALEM26~",
"links": [
[
"execution",
"execution"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) execution"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpoe̯.na/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpoe̯nä]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpe.na/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɛːnä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pēna"
}
],
"word": "poena"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "poena",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "boena",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-soft"
]
},
{
"form": "mhoena",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-nasal"
]
},
{
"form": "phoena",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-aspirate"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "poena",
"name": "cy-verb form"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "poeni"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of poeni:\n## second-person singular imperative\n## third-person singular present indicative/future literary\n## first-person singular future colloquial",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-poena-cy-verb-fq-w3C4M",
"links": [
[
"poeni",
"poeni#Welsh"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of poeni:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 41 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "poeni"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of poeni:\n## second-person singular imperative\n## third-person singular present indicative/future literary\n## first-person singular future colloquial",
"third-person singular present indicative/future literary"
],
"id": "en-poena-cy-verb-Saq6WtUy",
"links": [
[
"poeni",
"poeni#Welsh"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of poeni:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "poeni"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of poeni:\n## second-person singular imperative\n## third-person singular present indicative/future literary\n## first-person singular future colloquial",
"first-person singular future colloquial"
],
"id": "en-poena-cy-verb-lJ7wEqpT",
"links": [
[
"poeni",
"poeni#Welsh"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of poeni:\n"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"first-person",
"form-of",
"future",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɔɨ̯na/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɔi̯na/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
}
],
"word": "poena"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "poena",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Estonian entries with incorrect language header",
"Estonian non-lemma forms",
"Estonian noun forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pood"
}
],
"glosses": [
"essive singular of pood"
],
"links": [
[
"pood",
"pood#Estonian"
]
],
"tags": [
"essive",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "poena"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms borrowed from Ancient Greek",
"Latin terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Hellenic",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷey-",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "poenās dare"
},
{
"word": "pūniō"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: pena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: pena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "peine"
},
"expansion": "Old French: peine",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: peine"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "peine"
},
"expansion": "French: peine",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: peine"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "peyne",
"3": "payne",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: peyne, payne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: peyne, payne"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pain"
},
"expansion": "English: pain",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: pain"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Galician: pena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: pena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Italian: pena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: pena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lld",
"2": "peina",
"3": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Ladin: peina, pena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ladin: peina, pena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: pena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: pena"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: pena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: pena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "pẽa"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: pẽa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: pẽa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: pena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: pena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: pena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: pena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: pena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: pena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Venetian: pena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetian: pena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wa",
"2": "poenne"
},
"expansion": "Walloon: poenne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Walloon: poenne"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "poan",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Breton: poan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Breton: poan"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pine",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: pine",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: pine"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*pīnā",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *pīnā",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *pīnā (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "pian",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Irish: pian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Irish: pian"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "pína",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Norse: pína",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Norse: pína (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "penă",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: penă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: penă"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "pina",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: pina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: pina"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "poen",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Welsh: poen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Welsh: poen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷey-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grk-pro",
"3": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ποινή",
"4": "",
"5": "penalty, fine, bloodmoney"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “penalty, fine, bloodmoney”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “penalty, fine, bloodmoney”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "poenae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "poena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "poenae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "poenae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "poenārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "poenae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "poenīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "poenam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "poenās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "poenā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "poenīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "poena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "poenae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poena<1>"
},
"expansion": "poena f (genitive poenae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poena<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "paeniteō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "In order to terrify others by the severity of punishment",
"ref": "c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.4",
"text": "Ut … magnitudine poenae perterreant alios"
},
{
"english": "“Hereafter, [believe] me, you will atone by no similar penalty [for] having committed [such misdeeds].”\n(In other words, another transgression will earn the winds far worse than a verbal warning, says Neptune.)",
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.136",
"text": "Post mihi nōn similī poenā commissa luētis."
}
],
"glosses": [
"penalty, punishment"
],
"links": [
[
"penalty",
"penalty"
],
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pūnītiō"
},
{
"word": "mercēs"
},
{
"word": "supplicium"
},
{
"word": "vindicātiō"
},
{
"word": "exemplum"
},
{
"word": "sanctio"
},
{
"word": "pretium"
},
{
"word": "animadversus"
},
{
"word": "vindicta"
},
{
"word": "malum"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"hardship, torment"
],
"links": [
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
],
[
"torment",
"torment"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cruciātus"
},
{
"word": "malum"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"execution"
],
"links": [
[
"execution",
"execution"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) execution"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpoe̯.na/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpoe̯nä]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpe.na/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɛːnä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pēna"
}
],
"word": "poena"
}
{
"categories": [
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh non-lemma forms",
"Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Welsh verb forms"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "poena",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "boena",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-soft"
]
},
{
"form": "mhoena",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-nasal"
]
},
{
"form": "phoena",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-aspirate"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "poena",
"name": "cy-verb form"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "poeni"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of poeni:\n## second-person singular imperative\n## third-person singular present indicative/future literary\n## first-person singular future colloquial",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"poeni",
"poeni#Welsh"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of poeni:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "poeni"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of poeni:\n## second-person singular imperative\n## third-person singular present indicative/future literary\n## first-person singular future colloquial",
"third-person singular present indicative/future literary"
],
"links": [
[
"poeni",
"poeni#Welsh"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of poeni:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "poeni"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of poeni:\n## second-person singular imperative\n## third-person singular present indicative/future literary\n## first-person singular future colloquial",
"first-person singular future colloquial"
],
"links": [
[
"poeni",
"poeni#Welsh"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of poeni:\n"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"first-person",
"form-of",
"future",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɔɨ̯na/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɔi̯na/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
}
],
"word": "poena"
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2512",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT Welsh is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: boena, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"poena"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "poena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2512",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT Welsh is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: mhoena, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"poena"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "poena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2512",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT Welsh is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: phoena, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"poena"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "poena",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.