See poena on Wiktionary
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "poena",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Estonian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "40 3 4 1 7 29 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 2 3 1 5 36 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pood"
}
],
"glosses": [
"essive singular of pood"
],
"id": "en-poena-et-noun-M-dy-Dtw",
"links": [
[
"pood",
"pood#Estonian"
]
],
"tags": [
"essive",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "poena"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "poenās dare"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pūniō"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: pena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: pena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "peine"
},
"expansion": "Old French: peine",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: peine"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "peine"
},
"expansion": "French: peine",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: peine"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "peyne",
"3": "payne",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: peyne, payne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: peyne, payne"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pain"
},
"expansion": "English: pain",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: pain"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "pêna"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: pêna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: pêna"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Galician: pena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: pena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Italian: pena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: pena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lld",
"2": "peina",
"3": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Ladin: peina, pena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ladin: peina, pena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: pena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: pena"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: pena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: pena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "pẽa"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: pẽa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: pẽa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: pena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: pena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: pena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: pena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: pena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: pena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: pena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetan: pena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wa",
"2": "poenne"
},
"expansion": "Walloon: poenne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Walloon: poenne"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "poan",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Breton: poan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Breton: poan"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pine",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: pine",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: pine"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*pīnā",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *pīnā",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *pīnā (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "pian",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Irish: pian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Irish: pian"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "pína",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Norse: pína",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Norse: pína (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "penă",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: penă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: penă"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "pina",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: pina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: pina"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "poen",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Welsh: poen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Welsh: poen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷey-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grk-pro",
"3": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "bor",
"3": "grc>ποινή>penalty",
"id": "penalty"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ποινή",
"4": "",
"5": "penalty, fine, bloodmoney"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “penalty, fine, bloodmoney”)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “penalty, fine, bloodmoney”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "poenae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "poena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "poenae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "poenae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "poenārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "poenae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "poenīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "poenam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "poenās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "poenā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "poenīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "poena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "poenae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pēna",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poena<1>"
},
"expansion": "poena f (genitive poenae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poena<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "paeniteō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "79 18 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 37 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "In order to terrify others by the severity of punishment",
"ref": "c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.4",
"text": "Ut … magnitudine poenae perterreant alios"
},
{
"english": "“Hereafter, [believe] me, you will atone by no similar penalty [for] having committed [such misdeeds].”\n(In other words, another transgression will earn the winds far worse than a verbal warning, says Neptune.)",
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.136",
"text": "Post mihi nōn similī poenā commissa luētis."
}
],
"glosses": [
"penalty, punishment"
],
"id": "en-poena-la-noun-5CCwCDig",
"links": [
[
"penalty",
"penalty"
],
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pūnītiō"
},
{
"word": "mercēs"
},
{
"word": "supplicium"
},
{
"word": "vindicātiō"
},
{
"word": "exemplum"
},
{
"word": "sanctio"
},
{
"word": "pretium"
},
{
"word": "animadversus"
},
{
"word": "vindicta"
},
{
"word": "malum"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 37 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hardship, torment"
],
"id": "en-poena-la-noun-FAgUD6ci",
"links": [
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
],
[
"torment",
"torment"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cruciātus"
},
{
"word": "malum"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 37 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"execution"
],
"id": "en-poena-la-noun-pALEM26~",
"links": [
[
"execution",
"execution"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) execution"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpoe̯.na/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpoe̯nä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpe.na/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɛːnä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "poena"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "poena",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "boena",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "mhoena",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "phoena",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "poena",
"name": "cy-verb form"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "poeni"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of poeni:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-poena-cy-verb-VTB~eOm6",
"links": [
[
"poeni",
"poeni#Welsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 2 3 1 5 36 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 52 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "poeni"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of poeni:",
"third-person singular present indicative/future literary"
],
"id": "en-poena-cy-verb-8bYei6uM",
"links": [
[
"poeni",
"poeni#Welsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 2 3 1 5 36 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "poeni"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of poeni:",
"first-person singular future colloquial"
],
"id": "en-poena-cy-verb-AXWzA~Tl",
"links": [
[
"poeni",
"poeni#Welsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"first-person",
"form-of",
"future",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɔɨ̯na/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɔi̯na/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
}
],
"word": "poena"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "poena",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Estonian entries with incorrect language header",
"Estonian non-lemma forms",
"Estonian noun forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pood"
}
],
"glosses": [
"essive singular of pood"
],
"links": [
[
"pood",
"pood#Estonian"
]
],
"tags": [
"essive",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "poena"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms borrowed from Ancient Greek",
"Latin terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Hellenic",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷey-",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "poenās dare"
},
{
"word": "pūniō"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: pena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: pena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "peine"
},
"expansion": "Old French: peine",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: peine"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "peine"
},
"expansion": "French: peine",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: peine"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "peyne",
"3": "payne",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: peyne, payne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: peyne, payne"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pain"
},
"expansion": "English: pain",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: pain"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "pêna"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: pêna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: pêna"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Galician: pena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: pena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Italian: pena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: pena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lld",
"2": "peina",
"3": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Ladin: peina, pena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ladin: peina, pena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: pena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: pena"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: pena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: pena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "pẽa"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: pẽa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: pẽa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: pena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: pena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: pena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: pena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: pena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: pena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: pena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetan: pena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wa",
"2": "poenne"
},
"expansion": "Walloon: poenne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Walloon: poenne"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "poan",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Breton: poan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Breton: poan"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pine",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: pine",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: pine"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*pīnā",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *pīnā",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *pīnā (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "pian",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Irish: pian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Irish: pian"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "pína",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Norse: pína",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Norse: pína (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "penă",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: penă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: penă"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "pina",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: pina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: pina"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "poen",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Welsh: poen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Welsh: poen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷey-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grk-pro",
"3": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "bor",
"3": "grc>ποινή>penalty",
"id": "penalty"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ποινή",
"4": "",
"5": "penalty, fine, bloodmoney"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “penalty, fine, bloodmoney”)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “penalty, fine, bloodmoney”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "poenae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "poena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "poenae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "poenae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "poenārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "poenae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "poenīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "poenam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "poenās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "poenā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "poenīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "poena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "poenae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pēna",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poena<1>"
},
"expansion": "poena f (genitive poenae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poena<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "paeniteō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "In order to terrify others by the severity of punishment",
"ref": "c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.4",
"text": "Ut … magnitudine poenae perterreant alios"
},
{
"english": "“Hereafter, [believe] me, you will atone by no similar penalty [for] having committed [such misdeeds].”\n(In other words, another transgression will earn the winds far worse than a verbal warning, says Neptune.)",
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.136",
"text": "Post mihi nōn similī poenā commissa luētis."
}
],
"glosses": [
"penalty, punishment"
],
"links": [
[
"penalty",
"penalty"
],
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pūnītiō"
},
{
"word": "mercēs"
},
{
"word": "supplicium"
},
{
"word": "vindicātiō"
},
{
"word": "exemplum"
},
{
"word": "sanctio"
},
{
"word": "pretium"
},
{
"word": "animadversus"
},
{
"word": "vindicta"
},
{
"word": "malum"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"hardship, torment"
],
"links": [
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
],
[
"torment",
"torment"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cruciātus"
},
{
"word": "malum"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"execution"
],
"links": [
[
"execution",
"execution"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) execution"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpoe̯.na/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpoe̯nä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpe.na/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɛːnä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "poena"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh non-lemma forms",
"Welsh verb forms"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "poena",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "boena",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "mhoena",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "phoena",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "poena",
"name": "cy-verb form"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "poeni"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of poeni:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"poeni",
"poeni#Welsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "poeni"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of poeni:",
"third-person singular present indicative/future literary"
],
"links": [
[
"poeni",
"poeni#Welsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "poeni"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of poeni:",
"first-person singular future colloquial"
],
"links": [
[
"poeni",
"poeni#Welsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"first-person",
"form-of",
"future",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɔɨ̯na/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɔi̯na/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
}
],
"word": "poena"
}
Download raw JSONL data for poena meaning in All languages combined (10.3kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: poena/Welsh 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"poena"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "poena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: poena/Welsh 'nasal' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'soft'}",
"path": [
"poena"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "poena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: poena/Welsh 'aspirate' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'soft'}",
"path": [
"poena"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "poena",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (db0bec0 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.