See perestroika on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for perestroika meaning in All languages combined (37.3kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "antiperestroika"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "Perestroikan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "Salinastroika"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "перестро́йка",
"4": "",
"5": "restructuring",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Russian перестро́йка (perestrójka, “restructuring”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "перестро́йка",
"t": "restructuring"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Russian перестро́йка (perestrójka, “restructuring”)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian перестро́йка (perestrójka, “restructuring”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "perestroikas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "perestroika (countable and uncountable, plural perestroikas)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "doi moi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "glasnost"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "79 20 2",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Mikhail Gorbachev",
"orig": "en:Mikhail Gorbachev",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53 0",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Soviet Union",
"orig": "en:Soviet Union",
"parents": [
"Asia",
"Europe",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2004, Chris Wallace, Character: Profiles in Presidential Courage",
"text": "Gorbachev would introduce glasnost (openness and freedom) and perestroika (economic restructuring) to Russia under his tenure, ultimately freeing thousands of political prisoners and dissidents and trying to address the shortages in food and goods that had become the hallmarks of the failing Soviet economy.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A program of political and economic reform carried out in the Soviet Union in the 1980s and early 1990s under the leadership of Mikhail Gorbachev."
],
"id": "en-perestroika-en-noun-H687W0bv",
"links": [
[
"program",
"program"
],
[
"political",
"political"
],
[
"economic",
"economic"
],
[
"reform",
"reform"
],
[
"Soviet Union",
"Soviet Union"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, uncountable) A program of political and economic reform carried out in the Soviet Union in the 1980s and early 1990s under the leadership of Mikhail Gorbachev."
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 69 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 63 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 56 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Cold War",
"orig": "en:Cold War",
"parents": [
"Historical events",
"History of Europe",
"History of the United States",
"Nuclear warfare",
"Soviet Union",
"History",
"Europe",
"United States",
"War",
"Weapons",
"Asia",
"All topics",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"North America",
"Conflict",
"Military",
"Violence",
"Hunting",
"Tools",
"Fundamental",
"Nature",
"America",
"Human behaviour",
"Society",
"Human activity",
"Technology",
"Human"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53 0",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Soviet Union",
"orig": "en:Soviet Union",
"parents": [
"Asia",
"Europe",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The period of time in the Soviet Union during which these reforms were carried out and in effect."
],
"id": "en-perestroika-en-noun-SxSp2uuP",
"links": [
[
"period",
"period"
],
[
"time",
"time"
],
[
"Soviet Union",
"Soviet Union"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, uncountable) The period of time in the Soviet Union during which these reforms were carried out and in effect."
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A situation where a small variation of parameters leads to a sudden change in properties."
],
"id": "en-perestroika-en-noun-xCOiSeV2",
"links": [
[
"parameter",
"parameter"
]
],
"qualifier": "singularity theory",
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, singularity theory) A situation where a small variation of parameters leads to a sudden change in properties."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɛɹ.ɪˈstɹɔi.kə/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "bīrīstrūykā",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "بِيرِيسْتْرُويْكَا"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "perestroyka",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "պերեստրոյկա"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pjerabudóva",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перабудо́ва"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "perestrójka",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перестро́йка"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "經濟改革"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jīngjì gǎigé",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "经济改革"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "přestavba"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perestrojka"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestrojka"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestrojka"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "myv",
"lang": "Erzya",
"roman": "odsťejema",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "одстеема"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestrojko"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestroika"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "of the Soviet Union",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestroika"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "more general term",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "uudelleenrakentaminen"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perestroïka"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ṗeresṭroiḳa",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "პერესტროიკა"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gardakmna",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "გარდაქმნა"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Perestroika"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Umbau"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Umgestaltung"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "perestróika",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "περεστρόικα"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "perestroika",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "פֶּרֶסְטְרוֹיְקָה"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "peresṭroikā",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "पेरेस्ट्रोइका"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "peresztrojka"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestroika"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestroika"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perestroika"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "peresutoroika",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "ペレストロイカ"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "qaita qūru",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "қайта құру"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "pereseuteuroika",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "페레스트로이카"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perestroyka"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perestroika"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perestroika"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "Perestroika"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestroika"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "perestrojka",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "перестройка"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestrojka"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "perestroykâ",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "پرسترویکا"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pieriestrojka"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pierestrojka"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perestroika"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perestroika"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "perestrójka",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перестро́йка"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "перестро̑јка"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "престројка"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "perestrȏjka"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "prestrojka"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prestavba"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perestrojka"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perestrojka"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perestroika"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestrojka"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestrojka"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "gaan bpràp bplìan kroong sâang",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "การปรับเปลี่ยนโครงสร้าง"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestroyka"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "perebudóva",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перебудо́ва"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestroika"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 0",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "perestroyke",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "פּערעסטרויקע"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"perestroika"
],
"word": "perestroika"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "ru",
"3": "перестро́йка"
},
"expansion": "Russian перестро́йка (perestrójka)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian перестро́йка (perestrójka).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "10/koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroika",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroika",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikien",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikaa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikassa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikissa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikasta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikista",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikiin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikalla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikilla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikalta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikilta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikalle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikille",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikaksi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikiksi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikatta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikitta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "See the possessive forms below.",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "10/koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikieni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikaini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikaani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikiani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikassani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikissani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikastani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikistani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikaani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikiini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikallani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikillani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikaltani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikiltani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikalleni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikilleni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikanani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikinani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikakseni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikikseni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikattani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikittani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikineni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikiesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikaisi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikaasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikiasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikassasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikissasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikastasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikistasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikaasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikiisi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikallasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikillasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikaltasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikiltasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikallesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikillesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikanasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikinasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikaksesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikiksesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikattasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikittasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikinesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikiemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikaimme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikaamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikiamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikassamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikissamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikastamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikistamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikaamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikiimme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikallamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikillamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikaltamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikiltamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikallemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikillemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikanamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikinamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikaksemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikiksemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikattamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikittamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikinemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikienne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikainne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikaanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikianne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikassanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikissanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikastanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikistanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikaanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikiinne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikallanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikillanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikaltanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikiltanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikallenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikillenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikananne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikinanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikaksenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikiksenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikattanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikittanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikinenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikiensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikainsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikaansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikiaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
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},
{
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
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"singular"
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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{
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{
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"plural"
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{
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},
{
"form": "perestroikallensa",
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"form": "perestroikilleen",
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{
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{
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) perestroika"
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}
],
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"ipa": "/ˈperestroi̯kɑ/"
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{
"ipa": "[ˈpe̞re̞s̠tˌro̞i̯kɑ̝]"
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{
"rhymes": "-oikɑ"
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}
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"perestroika#English"
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],
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}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pe.ɾesˈtɾɔj.kɐ/",
"tags": [
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},
{
"ipa": "[pe.ɾesˈtɾɔɪ̯.kɐ]",
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]
},
{
"ipa": "/pe.ɾesˈtɾɔj.kɐ/",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"ipa": "[pe.ɾesˈtɾɔɪ̯.kɐ]",
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},
{
"ipa": "/pe.ɾeʃˈtɾɔj.kɐ/",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
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},
{
"ipa": "[pe.ɾeʃˈtɾɔɪ̯.kɐ]",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
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},
{
"ipa": "/pe.ɾesˈtɾɔj.ka/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pe.ɾesˈtɾɔɪ̯.ka]",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɛ.ɾɛʃˈtɾɔj.kɐ/",
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"Portugal"
]
}
],
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}
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}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian перестро́йка (perestrójka, “restructuring”).",
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"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "perestroika f (uncountable)",
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"categories": [
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{
"kind": "place",
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"name": "Soviet Union",
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],
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],
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"(historical) perestroika"
],
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"historical",
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],
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]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "[pe.ɾesˈt̪ɾoi̯.ka]"
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{
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}
],
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"English terms derived from Russian",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Requests for review of Macedonian translations",
"en:Cold War",
"en:Mikhail Gorbachev",
"en:Soviet Union"
],
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{
"word": "antiperestroika"
},
{
"word": "Perestroikan"
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{
"word": "Salinastroika"
}
],
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}
],
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]
}
],
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"word": "doi moi"
},
{
"word": "glasnost"
}
],
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"type": "quotation"
}
],
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"program"
],
[
"political",
"political"
],
[
"economic",
"economic"
],
[
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"reform"
],
[
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]
],
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"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
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"English uncountable nouns"
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"glosses": [
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"period"
],
[
"time",
"time"
],
[
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"Soviet Union"
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],
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],
"tags": [
"historical",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
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],
"glosses": [
"A situation where a small variation of parameters leads to a sudden change in properties."
],
"links": [
[
"parameter",
"parameter"
]
],
"qualifier": "singularity theory",
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, singularity theory) A situation where a small variation of parameters leads to a sudden change in properties."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɛɹ.ɪˈstɹɔi.kə/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "bīrīstrūykā",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "بِيرِيسْتْرُويْكَا"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "perestroyka",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "պերեստրոյկա"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pjerabudóva",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перабудо́ва"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "perestrójka",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перестро́йка"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "經濟改革"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jīngjì gǎigé",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "经济改革"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "přestavba"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perestrojka"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestrojka"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestrojka"
},
{
"code": "myv",
"lang": "Erzya",
"roman": "odsťejema",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "одстеема"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestrojko"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestroika"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "of the Soviet Union",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestroika"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "more general term",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "uudelleenrakentaminen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perestroïka"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ṗeresṭroiḳa",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "პერესტროიკა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gardakmna",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "გარდაქმნა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Perestroika"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Umbau"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Umgestaltung"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "perestróika",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "περεστρόικα"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "perestroika",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "פֶּרֶסְטְרוֹיְקָה"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "peresṭroikā",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "पेरेस्ट्रोइका"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "peresztrojka"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestroika"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestroika"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perestroika"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "peresutoroika",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "ペレストロイカ"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "qaita qūru",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "қайта құру"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "pereseuteuroika",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "페레스트로이카"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perestroyka"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perestroika"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perestroika"
},
{
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "Perestroika"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestroika"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "perestrojka",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "перестройка"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestrojka"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "perestroykâ",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "پرسترویکا"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pieriestrojka"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pierestrojka"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perestroika"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perestroika"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "perestrójka",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перестро́йка"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "перестро̑јка"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "престројка"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "perestrȏjka"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "prestrojka"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prestavba"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perestrojka"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perestrojka"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perestroika"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestrojka"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestrojka"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "gaan bpràp bplìan kroong sâang",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "การปรับเปลี่ยนโครงสร้าง"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestroyka"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "perebudóva",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перебудо́ва"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestroika"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "perestroyke",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "פּערעסטרויקע"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"perestroika"
],
"word": "perestroika"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "ru",
"3": "перестро́йка"
},
"expansion": "Russian перестро́йка (perestrójka)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian перестро́йка (perestrójka).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "10/koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroika",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroika",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikien",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikaa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikassa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikissa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikasta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikista",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikiin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikalla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikilla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikalta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikilta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikalle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikille",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikaksi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikiksi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikatta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikitta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "See the possessive forms below.",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "10/koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikieni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikaini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikaani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikiani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikassani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikissani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikastani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikistani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikaani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikiini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikallani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikillani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikaltani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikiltani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikalleni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikilleni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikanani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikinani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikakseni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikikseni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikattani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikittani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikineni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikiesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikaisi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikaasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikiasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikassasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikissasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikastasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikistasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikaasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikiisi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikallasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikillasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikaltasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikiltasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikallesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikillesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikanasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikinasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikaksesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikiksesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikattasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikittasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikinesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikiemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikaimme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikaamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikiamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikassamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikissamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikastamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikistamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikaamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikiimme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikallamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikillamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikaltamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikiltamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikallemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikillemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikanamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikinamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikaksemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikiksemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikattamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikittamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikinemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikienne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikainne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikaanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikianne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikassanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikissanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikastanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikistanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikaanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikiinne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikallanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikillanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikaltanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikiltanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikallenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikillenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikananne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikinanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikaksenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikiksenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikattanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikittanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikinenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikiensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikainsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikaansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikiaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikiansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikassaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikassansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikissaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikissansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikastaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikastansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikistaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikistansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikaansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikiinsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikallaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikallansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikillaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikillansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikaltaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikaltansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikiltaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikiltansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikalleen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikallensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikilleen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikillensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikanaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikanansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikinaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikinansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikakseen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikaksensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikikseen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikiksensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikattaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikattansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikittaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikittansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikineen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perestroikinensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "nouns",
"cat2": "",
"g": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "perestroika",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "perestroika",
"name": "fi-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perestroik",
"2": "",
"3": "",
"4": "a"
},
"name": "fi-decl-koira"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Finnish 4-syllable words",
"Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"Finnish koira-type nominals",
"Finnish lemmas",
"Finnish nouns",
"Finnish terms borrowed from Russian",
"Finnish terms derived from Russian",
"Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Finnish terms with historical senses",
"Rhymes:Finnish/oikɑ",
"Rhymes:Finnish/oikɑ/4 syllables"
],
"glosses": [
"perestroika"
],
"links": [
[
"perestroika",
"#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) perestroika"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈperestroi̯kɑ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpe̞re̞s̠tˌro̞i̯kɑ̝]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-oikɑ"
}
],
"word": "perestroika"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "perestroikas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "perestroika f (plural perestroikas)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Portuguese 4-syllable words",
"Portuguese countable nouns",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese feminine nouns",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese nouns",
"Portuguese terms spelled with K",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"perestroika (reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s)"
],
"links": [
[
"perestroika",
"perestroika#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pe.ɾesˈtɾɔj.kɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pe.ɾesˈtɾɔɪ̯.kɐ]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pe.ɾesˈtɾɔj.kɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pe.ɾesˈtɾɔɪ̯.kɐ]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pe.ɾeʃˈtɾɔj.kɐ/",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pe.ɾeʃˈtɾɔɪ̯.kɐ]",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pe.ɾesˈtɾɔj.ka/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pe.ɾesˈtɾɔɪ̯.ka]",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɛ.ɾɛʃˈtɾɔj.kɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
}
],
"word": "perestroika"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "ru",
"3": "перестро́йка",
"4": "",
"5": "restructuring",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Russian перестро́йка (perestrójka, “restructuring”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "ru",
"3": "перестро́йка",
"t": "restructuring"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Russian перестро́йка (perestrójka, “restructuring”)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian перестро́йка (perestrójka, “restructuring”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "perestroika f (uncountable)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧res‧troi‧ka"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Rhymes:Spanish/oika",
"Rhymes:Spanish/oika/4 syllables",
"Spanish 4-syllable words",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish feminine nouns",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish nouns",
"Spanish terms borrowed from Russian",
"Spanish terms derived from Russian",
"Spanish terms spelled with K",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Spanish terms with historical senses",
"Spanish uncountable nouns",
"es:Soviet Union"
],
"glosses": [
"perestroika"
],
"links": [
[
"perestroika",
"perestroika#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) perestroika"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"historical",
"uncountable"
],
"wikipedia": [
"es:perestroika"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peɾesˈtɾoika/"
},
{
"ipa": "[pe.ɾesˈt̪ɾoi̯.ka]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-oika"
}
],
"word": "perestroika"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.