See perestroika in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "antiperestroika"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "Perestroikan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "Salinastroika"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "перестро́йка",
"t": "restructuring"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Russian перестро́йка (perestrójka, “restructuring”)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian перестро́йка (perestrójka, “restructuring”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "perestroikas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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},
"expansion": "perestroika (countable and uncountable, plural perestroikas)",
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
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"word": "doi moi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "glasnost"
}
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{
"ref": "2004, Chris Wallace, Character: Profiles in Presidential Courage:",
"text": "Gorbachev would introduce glasnost (openness and freedom) and perestroika (economic restructuring) to Russia under his tenure, ultimately freeing thousands of political prisoners and dissidents and trying to address the shortages in food and goods that had become the hallmarks of the failing Soviet economy.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A program of political and economic reform carried out in the Soviet Union in the 1980s and early 1990s under the leadership of Mikhail Gorbachev."
],
"id": "en-perestroika-en-noun-H687W0bv",
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[
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[
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[
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[
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]
],
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"(historical, uncountable) A program of political and economic reform carried out in the Soviet Union in the 1980s and early 1990s under the leadership of Mikhail Gorbachev."
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"uncountable"
]
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"_dis": "30 62 7",
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"_dis": "29 64 8",
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},
{
"_dis": "40 57 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Cold War",
"orig": "en:Cold War",
"parents": [
"Historical events",
"History of Europe",
"History of the United States",
"Nuclear warfare",
"Soviet Union",
"History",
"Europe",
"United States",
"War",
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{
"_dis": "47 53 0",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Soviet Union",
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"Europe",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
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"Fundamental"
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}
],
"glosses": [
"The period of time in the Soviet Union during which these reforms were carried out and in effect."
],
"id": "en-perestroika-en-noun-SxSp2uuP",
"links": [
[
"period",
"period"
],
[
"time",
"time"
],
[
"Soviet Union",
"Soviet Union"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, uncountable) The period of time in the Soviet Union during which these reforms were carried out and in effect."
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A situation where a small variation of parameters leads to a sudden change in properties."
],
"id": "en-perestroika-en-noun-xCOiSeV2",
"links": [
[
"parameter",
"parameter"
]
],
"qualifier": "singularity theory",
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, singularity theory) A situation where a small variation of parameters leads to a sudden change in properties."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɛɹ.ɪˈstɹɔi.kə/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "bīrīstrūykā",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "بِيرِيسْتْرُويْكَا"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "perestroyka",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "պերեստրոյկա"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pjerabudóva",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перабудо́ва"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "perestrójka",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перестро́йка"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "經濟改革"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jīngjì gǎigé",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "经济改革"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "přestavba"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perestrojka"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestrojka"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestrojka"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "myv",
"lang": "Erzya",
"roman": "oďśťejema",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "одстеема"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestrojko"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestroika"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "of the Soviet Union",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestroika"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "more general term",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "uudelleenrakentaminen"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perestroïka"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ṗeresṭroiḳa",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "პერესტროიკა"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gardakmna",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "გარდაქმნა"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Perestroika"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Umbau"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Umgestaltung"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "perestróika",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "περεστρόικα"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "perestroika",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "פֶּרֶסְטְרוֹיְקָה"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "peresṭroikā",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "पेरेस्ट्रोइका"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "peresztrojka"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestroika"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestroika"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perestroika"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "peresutoroika",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "ペレストロイカ"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "qaita qūru",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "қайта құру"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "pereseuteuroika",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "페레스트로이카"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perestroyka"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perestroika"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perestroika"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "Perestroika"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestroika"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "peresṭrŏikā",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "पेरेस्ट्रॉइका"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "perestrojka",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "перестройка"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestrojka"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "perestroykâ",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "پرسترویکا"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pieriestrojka"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pierestrojka"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perestroika"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perestroika"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "perestrójka",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перестро́йка"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "перестро̑јка"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "престројка"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "perestrȏjka"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "prestrojka"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prestavba"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perestrojka"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perestrojka"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perestroika"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestrojka"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestrojka"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "gaan bpràp bplìan kroong sâang",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "การปรับเปลี่ยนโครงสร้าง"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestroyka"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "perebudóva",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перебудо́ва"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestroika"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 50 1",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "perestroyke",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "פּערעסטרויקע"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"perestroika"
],
"word": "perestroika"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Russian",
"English terms derived from Russian",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Erzya translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Marathi translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations",
"en:Cold War",
"en:Mikhail Gorbachev",
"en:Soviet Union"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "antiperestroika"
},
{
"word": "Perestroikan"
},
{
"word": "Salinastroika"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "перестро́йка",
"t": "restructuring"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Russian перестро́йка (perestrójka, “restructuring”)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian перестро́йка (perestrójka, “restructuring”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "perestroikas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "perestroika (countable and uncountable, plural perestroikas)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "doi moi"
},
{
"word": "glasnost"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2004, Chris Wallace, Character: Profiles in Presidential Courage:",
"text": "Gorbachev would introduce glasnost (openness and freedom) and perestroika (economic restructuring) to Russia under his tenure, ultimately freeing thousands of political prisoners and dissidents and trying to address the shortages in food and goods that had become the hallmarks of the failing Soviet economy.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A program of political and economic reform carried out in the Soviet Union in the 1980s and early 1990s under the leadership of Mikhail Gorbachev."
],
"links": [
[
"program",
"program"
],
[
"political",
"political"
],
[
"economic",
"economic"
],
[
"reform",
"reform"
],
[
"Soviet Union",
"Soviet Union"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, uncountable) A program of political and economic reform carried out in the Soviet Union in the 1980s and early 1990s under the leadership of Mikhail Gorbachev."
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"The period of time in the Soviet Union during which these reforms were carried out and in effect."
],
"links": [
[
"period",
"period"
],
[
"time",
"time"
],
[
"Soviet Union",
"Soviet Union"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, uncountable) The period of time in the Soviet Union during which these reforms were carried out and in effect."
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"A situation where a small variation of parameters leads to a sudden change in properties."
],
"links": [
[
"parameter",
"parameter"
]
],
"qualifier": "singularity theory",
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, singularity theory) A situation where a small variation of parameters leads to a sudden change in properties."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɛɹ.ɪˈstɹɔi.kə/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "bīrīstrūykā",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "بِيرِيسْتْرُويْكَا"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "perestroyka",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "պերեստրոյկա"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pjerabudóva",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перабудо́ва"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "perestrójka",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перестро́йка"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "經濟改革"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jīngjì gǎigé",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "经济改革"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "přestavba"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perestrojka"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestrojka"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestrojka"
},
{
"code": "myv",
"lang": "Erzya",
"roman": "oďśťejema",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "одстеема"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestrojko"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestroika"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "of the Soviet Union",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestroika"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "more general term",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "uudelleenrakentaminen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perestroïka"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ṗeresṭroiḳa",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "პერესტროიკა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gardakmna",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "გარდაქმნა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Perestroika"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Umbau"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Umgestaltung"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "perestróika",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "περεστρόικα"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "perestroika",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "פֶּרֶסְטְרוֹיְקָה"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "peresṭroikā",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "पेरेस्ट्रोइका"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "peresztrojka"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestroika"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestroika"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perestroika"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "peresutoroika",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "ペレストロイカ"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "qaita qūru",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "қайта құру"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "pereseuteuroika",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "페레스트로이카"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perestroyka"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perestroika"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perestroika"
},
{
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "Perestroika"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestroika"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "peresṭrŏikā",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "पेरेस्ट्रॉइका"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "perestrojka",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "перестройка"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestrojka"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "perestroykâ",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "پرسترویکا"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pieriestrojka"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pierestrojka"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perestroika"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perestroika"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "perestrójka",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перестро́йка"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "перестро̑јка"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "престројка"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "perestrȏjka"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "prestrojka"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prestavba"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perestrojka"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perestrojka"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perestroika"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestrojka"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestrojka"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "gaan bpràp bplìan kroong sâang",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "การปรับเปลี่ยนโครงสร้าง"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestroyka"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "perebudóva",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перебудо́ва"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"word": "perestroika"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "perestroyke",
"sense": "reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "פּערעסטרויקע"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"perestroika"
],
"word": "perestroika"
}
Download raw JSONL data for perestroika meaning in English (12.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.