See penning on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for penning meaning in All languages combined (17.3kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "penning",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 6 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present participle and gerund of pen"
],
"id": "en-penning-en-verb-eEioTxJI",
"links": [
[
"pen",
"pen#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛnɪŋ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɪnɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"pin-pen-merger"
]
},
{
"homophone": "pinning (pin–pen merger)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛnɪŋ"
}
],
"word": "penning"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"forms": [
{
"form": "pennings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "penning (plural pennings)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "the idle pennings of a poetic daydreamer"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Writing; literary composition."
],
"id": "en-penning-en-noun-RjwaNyYM",
"links": [
[
"Writing",
"writing"
],
[
"literary",
"literary"
],
[
"composition",
"composition"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛnɪŋ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɪnɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"pin-pen-merger"
]
},
{
"homophone": "pinning (pin–pen merger)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛnɪŋ"
}
],
"word": "penning"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "pennings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penningar",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "penningar"
},
"expansion": "penning (plural pennings or penningar)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"An old currency unit, the Swedish penning."
],
"id": "en-penning-en-noun-IrIKL1ye",
"links": [
[
"currency",
"currency"
],
[
"unit",
"unit"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛnɪŋ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɪnɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"pin-pen-merger"
]
},
{
"homophone": "pinning (pin–pen merger)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛnɪŋ"
}
],
"word": "penning"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gmq-oda",
"3": "pænning"
},
"expansion": "Old Danish pænning",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "non",
"3": "peningr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse peningr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "osx",
"3": "penning"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon penning",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "ang",
"3": "penning"
},
"expansion": "Old English penning",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "peniġ"
},
"expansion": "peniġ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*panningaz",
"4": "",
"5": "coin"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *panningaz (“coin”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "penny"
},
"expansion": "English penny",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Pfennig"
},
"expansion": "German Pfennig",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "penge"
},
"expansion": "penge",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Danish pænning, Old Norse peningr, borrowed from Old Saxon penning or Old English penning, peniġ, from Proto-Germanic *panningaz (“coin”). Cognate with English penny and German Pfennig.\nThis word is the source of the common word for \"money\" in modern Scandinavian, see penge.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penningen",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penninge",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "da-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "penning",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penningen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penninge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penningene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pennings",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penningens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penninges",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penningenes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"10": "penninge",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{pl-indef-2}}}",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{com}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "singular definite",
"4": "penningen",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{sg-def-2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "plural indefinite",
"f1accel-form": "def|s",
"f4accel-form": "indef|p",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "penning c (singular definite penningen, plural indefinite penninge)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "e"
},
"expansion": "penning c (singular definite penningen, plural indefinite penninge)",
"name": "da-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "e"
},
"name": "da-decl"
},
{
"args": {
"g": "c",
"gen-pl-def": "penningenes",
"gen-pl-def-2": "",
"gen-pl-def-3": "",
"gen-pl-indef": "penninges",
"gen-pl-indef-2": "",
"gen-sg-def": "penningens",
"gen-sg-def-2": "",
"gen-sg-indef": "pennings",
"gen-sg-indef-2": "",
"gen-sg-indef-3": "",
"pl-def": "penningene",
"pl-def-2": "",
"pl-def-3": "",
"pl-indef": "penninge",
"pl-indef-2": "",
"pl-indef-3": "",
"sg-def": "penningen",
"sg-def-2": "",
"sg-indef": "penning"
},
"name": "da-noun-infl-base"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"coin or currency in use in Denmark until 1602"
],
"id": "en-penning-da-noun-UBBbFguc",
"links": [
[
"coin",
"coin"
],
[
"currency",
"currency"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) coin or currency in use in Denmark until 1602"
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpʰɛneŋ]"
}
],
"word": "penning"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "erepenning"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "gedenkpenning"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "judaspenning"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "penningmeester"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Schimmelpenninck"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "steekpenning"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dcr",
"2": "penning"
},
"expansion": "Negerhollands: penning",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Negerhollands: penning"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "pening",
"alt": "péning",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Indonesian: péning",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Indonesian: péning"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pap",
"2": "penning",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Papiamentu: penning",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Papiamentu: penning"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "penninc"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch penninc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "pennink"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch pennink",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*panningaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *panningaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch penninc, from Old Dutch pennink, from Proto-Germanic *panningaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penningen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penninkje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-en",
"3": "penninkje"
},
"expansion": "penning m (plural penningen, diminutive penninkje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pen‧ning"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "59 8 1 7 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 13 4 18 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch terms suffixed with -ing",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A small coin, usually made of silver but later also of gold; penny."
],
"id": "en-penning-nl-noun-p1wkLLaV",
"links": [
[
"coin",
"coin"
],
[
"silver",
"silver"
],
[
"gold",
"gold"
],
[
"penny",
"penny#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A small coin, usually made of silver but later also of gold; penny."
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A medal or commemoration coin."
],
"id": "en-penning-nl-noun-ZX2Zc4rY",
"links": [
[
"medal",
"medal"
],
[
"commemoration",
"commemoration"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"money, cash."
],
"id": "en-penning-nl-noun-4Cb~B3rf",
"links": [
[
"money",
"money#English"
],
[
"cash",
"cash#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) money, cash."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"coin."
],
"id": "en-penning-nl-noun-oCwbACj7",
"links": [
[
"coin",
"coin#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) coin."
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛ.nɪŋ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛnɪŋ"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-penning.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d8/Nl-penning.ogg/Nl-penning.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/Nl-penning.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "penning"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "pennen",
"3": "ing"
},
"expansion": "pennen + -ing",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From pennen + -ing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penningen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-en",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "penning f (plural penningen)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pen‧ning"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Chess",
"orig": "nl:Chess",
"parents": [
"Board games",
"Tabletop games",
"Games",
"Recreation",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pin, pinning"
],
"id": "en-penning-nl-noun-i7xlnLHH",
"links": [
[
"chess",
"chess"
],
[
"pin",
"pin#English"
],
[
"pinning",
"pinning"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chess) pin, pinning"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"board-games",
"chess",
"games"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛ.nɪŋ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛnɪŋ"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-penning.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d8/Nl-penning.ogg/Nl-penning.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/Nl-penning.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "penning"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "peny"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: peny, pani, paniȝe, peni, penie, pening\nEnglish: penny, pence (see there for further descendants)\nScots: penny",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: peny, pani, paniȝe, peni, penie, pening\nEnglish: penny, pence (see there for further descendants)\nScots: penny"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "pinginn",
"3": "penginn",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Irish: pinginn, penginn",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly from Old Norse"
},
"expansion": "(possibly from Old Norse)",
"name": "i"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Irish: pinginn, penginn (possibly from Old Norse)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "pingin"
},
"expansion": "Irish: pingin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: pingin"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Spanish:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Spanish:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "penique"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: penique",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: penique"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*panningaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *panningaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *panningaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "penning",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penningas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penning",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penningas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penninges",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penninga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penninge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penningum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "penning m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "penning m",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "penning"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "penning",
"2": "penningas",
"3": "penning",
"4": "penningas",
"5": "penninges",
"6": "penninga",
"7": "penninge",
"8": "penningum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ang",
"name": "Money",
"orig": "ang:Money",
"parents": [
"Business",
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"penny"
],
"id": "en-penning-ang-noun-A9BPf868",
"links": [
[
"penny",
"penny"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pending"
},
{
"word": "pæning"
},
{
"word": "pening"
},
{
"word": "pæniġ"
},
{
"word": "peniġ"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpen.ninɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpen.niŋɡ]"
}
],
"word": "penning"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "blodspenning"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dagpenning"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "föräldrapenning"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "handpenning"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "penningbegär"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "penningbelopp"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "penninggäldenär"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "penninglån"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "penningplacering"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "penningpolitik"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "penningpolitisk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "penningpung"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "penningstark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "penningstinn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "penningsumma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "penningtvätt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "penningvälde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "penningvärde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "silverpenning"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "sjukpenning"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "penninki",
"3": "penni",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Finnish: penninki, penni",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Finnish: penninki, penni"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "non",
"3": "penningr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse penningr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*panningaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *panningaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "penny"
},
"expansion": "English penny",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse penningr, from Proto-Germanic *panningaz. Cognate with English penny.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sv-infl-noun-c-ar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "penning",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penningen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penningar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penningarna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pennings",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penningens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penningars",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penningarnas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "penning c",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"expansion": "penning c",
"name": "sv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sv-infl-noun-c-ar"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "penning",
"2": "penningen",
"3": "penningar",
"4": "penningarna",
"5": "pennings",
"6": "penningens",
"7": "penningars",
"8": "penningarnas",
"base": "penning",
"definitions": "",
"gender": "Common"
},
"name": "sv-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "83 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a coin, a penny"
],
"id": "en-penning-sv-noun-qetWKf6h",
"links": [
[
"coin",
"coin"
],
[
"penny",
"penny"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"money, cash"
],
"id": "en-penning-sv-noun-R6UWTbwf",
"links": [
[
"money",
"money"
],
[
"cash",
"cash"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "peng"
}
],
"word": "penning"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gmq-oda",
"3": "pænning"
},
"expansion": "Old Danish pænning",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "non",
"3": "peningr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse peningr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "osx",
"3": "penning"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon penning",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "ang",
"3": "penning"
},
"expansion": "Old English penning",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "peniġ"
},
"expansion": "peniġ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*panningaz",
"4": "",
"5": "coin"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *panningaz (“coin”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "penny"
},
"expansion": "English penny",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Pfennig"
},
"expansion": "German Pfennig",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "penge"
},
"expansion": "penge",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Danish pænning, Old Norse peningr, borrowed from Old Saxon penning or Old English penning, peniġ, from Proto-Germanic *panningaz (“coin”). Cognate with English penny and German Pfennig.\nThis word is the source of the common word for \"money\" in modern Scandinavian, see penge.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penningen",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penninge",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "da-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "penning",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penningen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penninge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penningene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pennings",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penningens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penninges",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penningenes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"10": "penninge",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{pl-indef-2}}}",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{com}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "singular definite",
"4": "penningen",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{sg-def-2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "plural indefinite",
"f1accel-form": "def|s",
"f4accel-form": "indef|p",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "penning c (singular definite penningen, plural indefinite penninge)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "e"
},
"expansion": "penning c (singular definite penningen, plural indefinite penninge)",
"name": "da-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "e"
},
"name": "da-decl"
},
{
"args": {
"g": "c",
"gen-pl-def": "penningenes",
"gen-pl-def-2": "",
"gen-pl-def-3": "",
"gen-pl-indef": "penninges",
"gen-pl-indef-2": "",
"gen-sg-def": "penningens",
"gen-sg-def-2": "",
"gen-sg-indef": "pennings",
"gen-sg-indef-2": "",
"gen-sg-indef-3": "",
"pl-def": "penningene",
"pl-def-2": "",
"pl-def-3": "",
"pl-indef": "penninge",
"pl-indef-2": "",
"pl-indef-3": "",
"sg-def": "penningen",
"sg-def-2": "",
"sg-indef": "penning"
},
"name": "da-noun-infl-base"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Danish common-gender nouns",
"Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"Danish lemmas",
"Danish nouns",
"Danish nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"Danish terms derived from Old Danish",
"Danish terms derived from Old English",
"Danish terms derived from Old Norse",
"Danish terms derived from Old Saxon",
"Danish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Danish terms inherited from Old Danish",
"Danish terms inherited from Old Norse",
"Danish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Danish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Danish terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"coin or currency in use in Denmark until 1602"
],
"links": [
[
"coin",
"coin"
],
[
"currency",
"currency"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) coin or currency in use in Denmark until 1602"
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpʰɛneŋ]"
}
],
"word": "penning"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch feminine nouns",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms suffixed with -ing",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Dutch terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɛnɪŋ"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "erepenning"
},
{
"word": "gedenkpenning"
},
{
"word": "judaspenning"
},
{
"word": "penningmeester"
},
{
"word": "Schimmelpenninck"
},
{
"word": "steekpenning"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dcr",
"2": "penning"
},
"expansion": "Negerhollands: penning",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Negerhollands: penning"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "pening",
"alt": "péning",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Indonesian: péning",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Indonesian: péning"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pap",
"2": "penning",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Papiamentu: penning",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Papiamentu: penning"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "penninc"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch penninc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "pennink"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch pennink",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*panningaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *panningaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch penninc, from Old Dutch pennink, from Proto-Germanic *panningaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penningen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penninkje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-en",
"3": "penninkje"
},
"expansion": "penning m (plural penningen, diminutive penninkje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pen‧ning"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A small coin, usually made of silver but later also of gold; penny."
],
"links": [
[
"coin",
"coin"
],
[
"silver",
"silver"
],
[
"gold",
"gold"
],
[
"penny",
"penny#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A small coin, usually made of silver but later also of gold; penny."
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A medal or commemoration coin."
],
"links": [
[
"medal",
"medal"
],
[
"commemoration",
"commemoration"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"money, cash."
],
"links": [
[
"money",
"money#English"
],
[
"cash",
"cash#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) money, cash."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"coin."
],
"links": [
[
"coin",
"coin#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) coin."
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛ.nɪŋ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛnɪŋ"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-penning.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d8/Nl-penning.ogg/Nl-penning.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/Nl-penning.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "penning"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch feminine nouns",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch terms suffixed with -ing",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Dutch terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɛnɪŋ"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "pennen",
"3": "ing"
},
"expansion": "pennen + -ing",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From pennen + -ing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penningen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-en",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "penning f (plural penningen)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pen‧ning"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"nl:Chess"
],
"glosses": [
"pin, pinning"
],
"links": [
[
"chess",
"chess"
],
[
"pin",
"pin#English"
],
[
"pinning",
"pinning"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chess) pin, pinning"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"board-games",
"chess",
"games"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛ.nɪŋ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛnɪŋ"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-penning.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d8/Nl-penning.ogg/Nl-penning.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/Nl-penning.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "penning"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verb forms",
"Rhymes:English/ɛnɪŋ",
"Rhymes:English/ɛnɪŋ/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "penning",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present participle and gerund of pen"
],
"links": [
[
"pen",
"pen#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛnɪŋ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɪnɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"pin-pen-merger"
]
},
{
"homophone": "pinning (pin–pen merger)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛnɪŋ"
}
],
"word": "penning"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verb forms",
"Rhymes:English/ɛnɪŋ",
"Rhymes:English/ɛnɪŋ/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"forms": [
{
"form": "pennings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "penning (plural pennings)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "the idle pennings of a poetic daydreamer"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Writing; literary composition."
],
"links": [
[
"Writing",
"writing"
],
[
"literary",
"literary"
],
[
"composition",
"composition"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛnɪŋ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɪnɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"pin-pen-merger"
]
},
{
"homophone": "pinning (pin–pen merger)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛnɪŋ"
}
],
"word": "penning"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:English/ɛnɪŋ",
"Rhymes:English/ɛnɪŋ/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "pennings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penningar",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "penningar"
},
"expansion": "penning (plural pennings or penningar)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"An old currency unit, the Swedish penning."
],
"links": [
[
"currency",
"currency"
],
[
"unit",
"unit"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛnɪŋ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɪnɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"pin-pen-merger"
]
},
{
"homophone": "pinning (pin–pen merger)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛnɪŋ"
}
],
"word": "penning"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "peny"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: peny, pani, paniȝe, peni, penie, pening\nEnglish: penny, pence (see there for further descendants)\nScots: penny",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: peny, pani, paniȝe, peni, penie, pening\nEnglish: penny, pence (see there for further descendants)\nScots: penny"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "pinginn",
"3": "penginn",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Irish: pinginn, penginn",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly from Old Norse"
},
"expansion": "(possibly from Old Norse)",
"name": "i"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Irish: pinginn, penginn (possibly from Old Norse)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "pingin"
},
"expansion": "Irish: pingin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: pingin"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Spanish:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Spanish:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "penique"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: penique",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: penique"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*panningaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *panningaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *panningaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "penning",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penningas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penning",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penningas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penninges",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penninga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penninge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penningum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "penning m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "penning m",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "penning"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "penning",
"2": "penningas",
"3": "penning",
"4": "penningas",
"5": "penninges",
"6": "penninga",
"7": "penninge",
"8": "penningum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English masculine a-stem nouns",
"Old English masculine nouns",
"Old English nouns",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"ang:Money"
],
"glosses": [
"penny"
],
"links": [
[
"penny",
"penny"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpen.ninɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpen.niŋɡ]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pending"
},
{
"word": "pæning"
},
{
"word": "pening"
},
{
"word": "pæniġ"
},
{
"word": "peniġ"
}
],
"word": "penning"
}
{
"categories": [
"Swedish common-gender nouns",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish nouns",
"Swedish terms derived from Old Norse",
"Swedish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Swedish terms inherited from Old Norse",
"Swedish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "blodspenning"
},
{
"word": "dagpenning"
},
{
"word": "föräldrapenning"
},
{
"word": "handpenning"
},
{
"word": "penningbegär"
},
{
"word": "penningbelopp"
},
{
"word": "penninggäldenär"
},
{
"word": "penninglån"
},
{
"word": "penningplacering"
},
{
"word": "penningpolitik"
},
{
"word": "penningpolitisk"
},
{
"word": "penningpung"
},
{
"word": "penningstark"
},
{
"word": "penningstinn"
},
{
"word": "penningsumma"
},
{
"word": "penningtvätt"
},
{
"word": "penningvälde"
},
{
"word": "penningvärde"
},
{
"word": "silverpenning"
},
{
"word": "sjukpenning"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "penninki",
"3": "penni",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Finnish: penninki, penni",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Finnish: penninki, penni"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "non",
"3": "penningr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse penningr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*panningaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *panningaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "penny"
},
"expansion": "English penny",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse penningr, from Proto-Germanic *panningaz. Cognate with English penny.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sv-infl-noun-c-ar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "penning",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penningen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penningar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penningarna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pennings",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penningens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penningars",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penningarnas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "penning c",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"expansion": "penning c",
"name": "sv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sv-infl-noun-c-ar"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "penning",
"2": "penningen",
"3": "penningar",
"4": "penningarna",
"5": "pennings",
"6": "penningens",
"7": "penningars",
"8": "penningarnas",
"base": "penning",
"definitions": "",
"gender": "Common"
},
"name": "sv-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a coin, a penny"
],
"links": [
[
"coin",
"coin"
],
[
"penny",
"penny"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"money, cash"
],
"links": [
[
"money",
"money"
],
[
"cash",
"cash"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "peng"
}
],
"word": "penning"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.